Use Of Bioelectrical Impedance Research Articles

How is bioelectrical impedance used in neonatal intensive care? A scoping review.

There is a paucity of recent robust research papers which investigate the use of bioelectrical impedance in preterm neonates. Available evidence spans a range of 30 years, with technological advancement reducing the application of older studies to the modern neonatal setting. Although this technology may be helpful for decision-making around fluid management and nutrition, in preterm infants, robust evidence is needed to demonstrate the clinical benefit of bioelectrical impedance beyond that of usual care. • Clinical decisions regarding neonatal nutrition and fluid management are currently based upon the interpretation of vital signs, fluid balance, weight trend, biochemical markers, and physical examination. • Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is a non-invasive method of assessing body composition which is now available to be used in infants as small as 23 weeks gestation. • Bioelectrical Impedance has been used in three main ways in the NICU, for fluid status evaluation, for measuring nutrition and growth and to validate BIA as an outcome. • There is a lack of recent robust research data to support the use of the device within clinical decision making in neonatal intensive care.

Conflicting Associations among Bioelectrical Impedance and Cardiometabolic Health Parameters in Young White and Black Adults.

The purpose of this cross-sectional evaluation was to determine the associations between raw bioelectrical impedance and cardiometabolic health parameters in a sample of young non-Hispanic White and African American adults. A total of 96 (female: 52, male: 44) non-Hispanic White ( n = 45) and African American adults ( n = 51) between the ages of 19 and 37 yr (22.7 ± 3.83 yr) completed several fasted assessments including resting systolic blood pressure (rSBP), blood glucose (FBG), blood lipids, and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy-derived measurements included phase angle, bioimpedance index (BI), impedance ratio (IR), reactance index (XCi), fat-free mass (FFM), FFM index (FFMi), and absolute (a) and relative (%) total body water (TBW) and extracellular (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF). All bioelectric variables were collected at 50 kHz other than IR (250 kHz/5 kHz). Multiple regressions were conducted and adjusted for sex, age, and body mass index. rSBP was positively, and HDL was inversely, associated with all bioelectrical impedance and absolute hydration variables (all P ≤ 0.050) other than XCi for rSBP and XCi and FFMi for HDL. rSBP ( P < 0.001) was inversely, and HDL ( P = 0.034) was positively, associated with IR. FBG was positively associated with BI, XCi, FFM, TBWa, and ECFa (all P < 0.050). Metabolic syndrome severity was positively associated with BI, FFM, TBWa, and ECFa for women (all P ≤ 0.050) and with ICFa for African American women ( P = 0.016). Given the rapid increase in the prevalence of cardiometabolic health risks among young adults and the broad use of bioelectrical impedance in practice, the conflicting associations we observed in this age group suggest that bioelectrical impedance parameters should be used with caution in the context of cardiometabolic health risks and age.

Application of bioelectrical impedance in newborns: an integrative review.

the objective of this study was to identify the use of bioelectrical impedance in newborns (NB), as this is an easy-to-apply and non-invasive method of measurement that can be used for distinguishing fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), and total body water (TBW). this was an integrative review of the literature using the PUBMED/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library databases to search for original articles between 2010-2020. A total of 900 articles were retrieved; after checking for duplicity and applying the eligibility criteria, 9 were further analyzed. about the results, five studies used single frequency bioimpedance, with a specific population of neonates, preterm and/or full term, and different clinical conditions. Resistance was the most studied bioelectric indicator, the phase angle is little explored, and four studies investigated body composition (FFM, FM and TBW). Studies found that preterm newborns had lower amounts of TBW, FFM, and FM than term newborns, and there were differences in body composition between sex. The phase angle was lower for preterm newborns and fed babies with high protein formulas had increases in the FFM. there is a need for multicenter studies to define standardized methods to be used with this public.

Bio-electric impedance as a tool to assess hydration in critically ill patients: an integrative review

Introduction: Assessing the hydration status of critically ill patients has been a difficult task over the decades. Determining how much fluid overload a patient has often helped in choosing a therapy. Methods such as bioelectrical impedance have been approached as a useful tool for this purpose. Objective: This study proposes to verify, through research in the literature, what is the real importance of the clinical use of bioelectrical impedance in the diagnosis of fluid overload in critically ill patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Methods: bibliographic search in the main scientific information databases: Scielo, PubMed, Cochrane, and Lilacs from January 2000 to July 2018. The selected languages were Spanish, Portuguese, and English. The keywords used were bioelectrical impedance, hydration, Intensive Care Unit, Intensive Care, bioelectrical impedance analysis, fluid balance, hydration overload. Results and Conclusion: The analysis of fluid overload in critically ill patients can be performed using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance. It is a useful tool in the diagnosis as well as in the quantification of water overload and, therefore, a corroborative method for clinical decision-making.

Análisis de impedancia bioeléctrica (AIB) en la producción animal. Revisión

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a method based on the different levels of opposition to the flow of an ionic current through the different body tissues. Results are expressed by primary measures of resistance (Rs) and reactance (Xs). From such measures, equations are applied to determine the phase angle (PA) and impedance (Z). Bioimpedance analysis has been indicated as a reliable and precise method to determine the body composition and nutritional status in humans. BIA has recently been adapted to be applied on animal production. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an analysis on the potential use of bioelectrical impedance on zootechnical production. Through BIA, correlations among bioelectrical measures and tissue composition of swine, bovine, ovine, bubaline and fish carcasses can be established. In this regard, a growing number of demands were led by more precise and cost-effective methods to evaluate the body composition in the zootechnical sector, in which the analysis of bioelectrical impedance proved to be a promising and minimally invasive technology to replace traditional methods.

The effects of Ramadan fasting on activity and energy expenditure

Fasting during the month of Ramadan entails abstinence from eating and drinking between dawn and sunset and a major shift in meal times and patterns with associated changes in several hormones and circadian rhythms; whether there are accompanying changes in energy metabolism is unclear. We have investigated the impact of Ramadan fasting on resting metabolic rate (RMR), activity, and total energy expenditure (TEE). Healthy nonobese volunteers (n = 29; 16 women) fasting during Ramadan were recruited. RMR was measured with the use of indirect calorimetry. In subgroups of participants, activity (n = 11; 5 women) and TEE (n = 10; 5 women) in free-living conditions were measured with the use of accelerometers and the doubly labeled water technique, respectively. Body composition was measured with the use of bioelectrical impedance. Measurements were repeated after a wash-out period of between 1 and 2 mo after Ramadan. Nonparametric tests were used for comparative statistics. Ramadan fasting did not result in any change in RMR (mean ± SD: 1365.7 ± 230.2 compared with 1362.9 ± 273.6 kcal/d for Ramadan and post-Ramadan respectively, P = 0.713, n = 29). However, controlling for the effects of age, sex, and body weight, RMR was higher in the first week of Ramadan than in subsequent weeks. During Ramadan, the total number of steps walked were significantly lower (n = 11, P = 0.001), while overall sleeping time was reduced and different sleeping patterns were seen. TEE did not differ significantly between Ramadan and post-Ramadan (mean ± SD: 2224.1 ± 433.7 compared with 2121.0 ± 718.5 kcal/d for Ramadan and post-Ramadan, P = 0.7695, n = 10). Ramadan fasting is associated with reduced activity and sleeping time, but no significant change in RMR or TEE. Reported weight changes with Ramadan in other studies are more likely to be due to differences in food intake. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02696421.

From the Editor

Following another successful DAA conference, it is fitting that the theme for the June issue of the journal is ‘growing professional competence’. As one of the profession's leading researchers in competency standards, Claire Palermo provides the Editorial. Milosavljevic and colleagues lead the way with innovative research on dietitians in clinical practice. Using qualitative methodology they draw on a strong theoretical framework to expose the stages of professional practice in hospitals and the challenges they present in retaining members. Building effective groups of elders in an ongoing generational fashion is important for the profession to grow and remain effective within the health-care system. MacDonald-Wicks and colleagues then focus on the particular skills required to assist other health professionals in giving weight management advice. Help with developing appropriate nutrition messages appeared to be the main point of issue, bearing in mind that a core competency of dietitians is a translator of nutrition science. In the Public Health domain of practice, Hughes et al. present the findings of a modified Delphi study of competency elements involving 33 identified stakeholders. The outcomes, described as aspirational competency expectations, provide a useful reference for curriculum review in Public Health Nutrition. Beyond entry level competence, Gifford and Snell report on a study examining the barriers and enablers to applying for the Advanced Accredited Practising Dietitian credential. Engaging a mentor and working with colleagues on the application proved to be important considerations. Moving to the professional education setting, Palermo and colleagues report on research involving interviews with new graduates on the topic of competency-based assessment. Following review of themes emerging from these data, they highlight the value of student perspectives in developing forms of competency-based assessment. In a similar fashion, O'Reilly et al. showed that engaging students in the evaluation of approaches to reflective practice strategies will be more helpful in building this skill as they transition to the work environment. Maher and colleagues also focused on student evaluations in their assessment of clinical placements as a component of competency development. They highlighted the need for psychosocial as well as educational development in this transition phase. In contrast, Ash followed a cohort of students across the set of placement experiences showing how the time spent in patient care varied depending on stage of practice and context of placement. Details of this analysis are informative for developing the placement program. In an interesting study from Turkey, Aksoydan and colleagues looked at the historical development of 34 Nutrition and Dietetic programs and found an agreed emphasis on practical placements and work-related skills development. Peer learning is a type of activity on placement. From Ireland, Lynam and colleagues report on a pilot study involving four clinical sites in which a framework for developing the 2:1 model was developed and described. Further research in this area will be useful in adapting this approach. Professional competence also involves the use and development of methodologies in dietetics research and practice. This includes methods that enable assessment of body composition. The first methodology paper by Anderson et al. compared the use of bioelectrical impedance to deuterium dilution for assessment of total body water, and reported on the significance of observed bias. Whatever the research entails, moving to publication is an important next step. Disappointingly, Miller et al. found that the publication rate for abstracts of work presented at DAA national conferences between 2006 and 2009 was particularly low. Partnerships with academics appeared to be a useful strategy in moving forward. Let's hope the materials in this issue provide motivation to improve that scenario.

PP016-SUN: Outstanding abstract: Risk Assessment of Critically Ill Intensive Care Patients: Use of Bioelectrical Impedance

PP016-SUN: Outstanding abstract: Risk Assessment of Critically Ill Intensive Care Patients: Use of Bioelectrical Impedance

Procedimentos clínicos utilizados para análise da composição corporal

According to the requirement for precision, accuracy and validation of information to be treated, clinical procedures can be characterized as an acceptable and accessible option for the analysis of components associated with body composition. The techniques with clinical features more commonly used are bioelectrical impedance and anthropometry by skinfold thickness. However, despite the greater feasibility in the face of laboratory procedures, clinical procedures have limitations and specifications regarding the use of their protocols, which should necessarily be considered when they are used. The purpose of this review is to provide a critical analysis about the use of bioelectrical impedance and anthropometry and explain the importance of carrying out well defined application standards to ensure more appropriate body composition estimation.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis for assessment of fluid status and body composition in neonates—the good, the bad and the unknown

There is a critical need for improved technologies to monitor fluid balance and body composition in neonates, particularly those receiving intensive care. Bioelectrical impedance analysis meets many of the criteria required in this environment and appears to be effective for monitoring physiological trends. The literature regarding the use of bioelectrical impedance in neonates was reviewed. It was found that prediction equations for total body water, extracellular water and fat-free mass have been developed, but many require further testing and validation in larger cohorts. Alternative approaches based on Hanai mixture theory or vector analysis are in the early stages of investigation in neonates. Further research is required into electrode positioning, bioimpedance spectroscopy and Cole analysis in order to realise the full potential of this technology.

Associations between bioelectrical impedance parameters and cardiovascular events in chronic dialysis patients

Malnutrition and fluid overload contribute to the poor cardiovascular prognosis of dialysis patients. Since bioelectrical impedance analysis is an option for the evaluation of body composition and for the monitoring of hydration state, it may assist in the identification of subjects at high cardiovascular risk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between bioelectrical impedance parameters and cardiovascular events. The association between bioelectrical impedance parameters and fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular outcome was evaluated in 145 dialysis patients. The mean age of the population studied was 54.9 ± 15.4 years, 49.7 % were males, and 35.9 % had diabetes. Forty (27.6 %) patients developed cardiovascular events during the 16 months (8; 32) of follow-up. Comparison of patients with and without cardiovascular events revealed higher extracellular mass/body cell mass (ECM/BCM) and extracellular water/total body water ratios and higher C-reactive protein levels in the former. Survival analysis showed that an ECM/BCM ratio >1.2 and a phase angle <6° were associated with poor cardiovascular prognosis. Among nondiabetic patients, these parameters and capacitance were independently associated with cardiovascular events, suggesting that poor nutritional status and fluid overload are associated with the occurrence of these events. Phase angle, capacitance and ECM/BCM ratio are valuable parameters for the evaluation of cardiovascular prognosis, supporting the use of bioelectrical impedance for the clinical assessment of dialysis patients.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis for the prediction of hot carcass weight in buffalo calf

Twenty young buffalo male calves were fed ad libitum with a total mix ration and with vitamin-mineral integration for 14 months. Seven days before slaughter, the animals were weighed and bioelectrical impedance measurements were collected in live animals. Physical and chemical characteristics were assessed on the Longissimus dorsi muscle after slaughter. Correlations and regression equations were calculated to determine the possible use of bioelectrical impedance for evaluating hot carcass weight. Bioelectrical impedance analysis at different frequencies, simple correlation and analysis of regression were examined for all the data collected, supporting the possibility of hot carcass weight prediction with equation at multi-frequency.The results show that, probably due to the variability in animal live weight, the distribution of the colour parameters was not normally distributed. Moreover, using different frequencies of resistance and reactance, hot carcass weight in buffalo may be predicted with the following equation:Y=98.47–8.84(Rs100KHz)+4.41(Rs1000 KHz)-116.27(Xc5 KHz)+51.04(Xc50 KHz)+20.30(Xc100 KHz)-33.92(Xc500 KHz)+9.01(Xc1000 KHz)±ε(Adjusted R Square value of .907 and SE of 5.728)However, further studies are required to improve the technique also in buffalo, after standardization of the method.

The use of bioelectrical impedance to detect excess visceral and subcutaneous fat

To analyze bioelectrical impedance performance in detecting the presence of excess visceral fat and overweight/obesity in young Brazilians and how its values are related with them. Study sample consisted of 811 adolescents of both genders (11 to 17 years of age). Nutritional status was determined based on triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), relative body fat (bioelectrical impedance), and excess visceral fat as determined by waist circumference. Statistical analysis was performed using means, standard deviations, linear correlation, Student's t test, and ROC curve. Bioelectrical impedance achieved good performance in identifying excess visceral fat associated with overweight/obesity in both genders, and was found to be more specific (male 92.4% and female 93.8%) than sensitive (male 86.1% and female 71.8%). Our findings support the use of bioelectrical impedance to identify the presence of excess visceral and subcutaneous fat in adolescents.

Use of bioelectrical impedance in hydration status assessment: reliability of a new tool in psychophysiology research

Adequate hydration is crucial in maintaining optimal physical and mental functioning and the need for a fast and reliable hydration status assessment in behavioral medicine research has become increasingly important. The goal of this study was to determine the reliability of bioelectrical impedance assessment (BIA) in assessing total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) and to assess whether individuals can be reliably classified as being hypohydrated or hyperhydrated using lower and upper quartiles, respectively. TBW, ECW and ICW were assessed via BIA (Bodystat, Isle of Man, UK) in 52 male and 48 female college students on 2 separate days within 1 week. Results revealed strong test–retest reliability for TBW ( r=0.983), ECW ( r=0.972) and ICW ( r=0.988) (all P's<0.001). Following the initial and follow-up assessments, participants were then classified as being either hypohydrated or hyperhydrated based on the percentage of body weight accounted for by TBW. Test–retest reliability of hydration status within classifications was then assessed by gender. Test–retest reliability was found for TBW, ECW and ICW among hypohydrated ( r=0.985, r=0.972 and r=0.99, respectively) and hyperhydrated ( r=0.994, r=0.989 and r=0.994, respectively) males (all P's<0.001). Significant test–retest correlations were also found for females classified as being hypohydrated ( r=0.97, r=0.956 and r=0.976, respectively) and hyperhydrated ( r=0.973, r=0.976 and r=0.976, respectively) (all P's<0.001). These findings suggest that hydration status, as indexed by bioelectrical impedance technique, is reliable across time and is also reliable within individuals who are chronically hyperhydrated or hypohydrated.

Bioelectrical impedance plethysmographic analysis of body composition in critically injured and healthy subjects

Determination of body composition during critical illness is complex because of various patient-related and technical factors. Bioelectrical impedance is a promising technique for the analysis of body composition; however, its clinical utility in critically injured patients is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare bioelectrical impedance with metabolic activity in healthy and critically injured patients. If bioelectrical impedance accurately determines body composition during critical illness, the slope between body-composition variables and oxygen consumption would be the same in critically injured and healthy subjects. There is a strong linear relation between body composition and metabolic activity. In the present study, body composition (fat-free mass and body cell mass) was determined by using bioelectrical impedance and resting metabolic activity (metabolic rate and oxygen consumption) by using gas exchange analysis in a group of healthy and critically injured subjects. The relation between these variables was compared by using linear regression to a similar relation established by hydrostatic weighing in a large historical control group. The slope of the line relating fat-free mass to resting metabolic rate was the same in the healthy and critically ill groups (P = 0.62) and each was similar to the slope of the line for the control group. However, in 37% of the critically injured group, overhydration contributed to an increase in fat-free mass, disturbing the relation with resting metabolic rate. The slope of the line relating body cell mass to oxygen consumption in our healthy and critically ill groups was almost identical. These results support the use of bioelectrical impedance to determine body cell mass in healthy and critically ill subjects.

Prediction of fat-free mass of pigs from 50 to 130 kilograms live weight.

Seventy-two Duroc x Hampshire x Yorkshire pigs were used to evaluate bioelectrical impedance procedures to predict fat-free mass of live pigs. Pigs were allotted by sex, ancestry, and weight. Pigs (12 gilts and 12 barrows) averaging 50+/-2.4 kg were slaughtered to establish a baseline for body composition. A pen of six gilts and a pen of six barrows were randomly selected for slaughter when the pen averaged either 70, 90, 110, or 130 kg. Pigs were weighed, then a four-terminal plethysmograph was used to measure resistance (omega) and reactance (omega), and length (cm) was measured between detector terminals. Pigs were slaughtered 12 h later, and carcasses were chilled for 24 h. The right side was ground twice and mixed and samples were frozen for later analyses of fat content. Actual fat-free mass (ActFFM) was determined from the weights and percentage of fat. Predicted fat-free mass (PredFFM) was calculated using the following equation: Pred FFM = .486 (live weight) - .881 (resistance) + .48 (length) + .86 (reactance) + 7.959. The correlation coefficients between ActFFM and PredFFM ranged from .66 to .91 overall. Correlation coefficients approximating slaughter weight (90 kg) were .94 (P < .02). Fat-free mass was underestimated by the prediction equation at all slaughter weights, but the predicted fat-free mass was highly correlated to the actual fat-free mass, except for the 110-kg gilts (r = .68, P = .15) and the 130-kg barrows (r = .65, P = .16). The data support the use of bioelectrical impedance to measure fat-free mass over a wide range of weights for finishing pigs.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASURES AND SELF REPORTED PHYSICAL FUNCTION IN COMMUNITY DWELLING OLDER ADULTS

399 The purpose of this study was to determine if there is an association between 3 baseline anthropometric measures and 3 self-reported questionnaires of physical function (PF) at baseline and following a 12-week exercise intervention. 134 community dwelling older men and women, ages 65-92, were measured for: body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and percent body fat (%BF) by use of bioelectrical impedance. The 3 PF scales were: the Physical Function scale of the Medical Outcomes Study SF-36 (PFS), 3 questions derived from the Nagi Disability Study (Nagi), and 3 questions from the Rosow-Breslau Scale (RBS). Participants did aerobic and flexibility exercises in a supervised program for 1 hour, 3 times per week for 12 weeks. Spearman rho correlations are: TableTableBMI and%BF correlated with PF. At baseline, high BMI and%BF were associated with low PF. Those with high baseline BMI and%BF appeared to benefit the most from exercise with increased PF on Nagi and PFS at follow-up.

Body composition by x-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance in female runners.

Body composition interests athletes since athletic performance is influenced by and dependent on the proportion and total amount of fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass. The use of bioelectrical impedance (BIA) has increased recently since portable instruments make the measurements easy to execute and relatively inexpensive. The purpose of this study was to test the degree of relationship between FFM and fat mass calculated in elite female runners with 12 different BIA formulas reported in the literature and measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The present study shows that body composition by BIA is valid in female runners. Prediction equations used to calculate FFM and fat mass must be appropriate for this population subgroup and validated against other methods, such as DXA and hydrodensitometry. Those formulas that performed well in the controls gave poor results in the female runner and vice versa. The below average fat mass noted in female runners suggests that prediction equations for untrained women with average fat mass are inappropriate. The formula by RJL Systems-2 for women: FFM = 5.091 + 0.6483.height2/resistance + 0.1996.weight gave best predictions of FFM in female runners. Further research is necessary to validate BIA prediction formulas in other athletes.

Body composition changes in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection

Malnutrition characterized by weight loss and often extreme wasting generally develops when patients progress from infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to AIDS. There is evidence that before the development of AIDS, HIV-infected patients without weight loss show early signs of malnutrition, defined as an increase in the ratio of extracellular mass (ECM) to body cell mass (BCM). As part of a dietary intervention study, body composition measurements were obtained at baseline and after 6 wk in 18 patients with HIV infection and CD 4 counts between 140 and 740 cells/mm 3. Only one patient had a prior weight loss (3.7 kg); patients gained 2 pounds after 3 wk of dietary supplementation of 500 kcal daily. Bioelectrical impedance was used to measure body compartments. The average ECM/BCM ratio (0.77 ± 0.13) was within the normal range (0.83 ± 0.16) indicating the absence of malnutrition by this criterion. Most measurements of BCM (kg) approximated normal values, while several for ECM (kg) exceeded normal. BCM (kg) correlated poorly with the ECM/BCM ratio ( r 2 = 0.08; P = 0.11) in contrast to ECM (kg), which was well correlated ( r 2 = 0.82; P = 0.00). In addition, there was a significant correlation of body mass index (BMI) with the ECM/BCM ratio ( r 2 = 0.38; P = 0.00) and with ECM ( r 2 = 0.244; P = 0.003) indicating that overweight patients may be more likely to be considered malnourished than normal weight patients using this ratio. Without use of bioelectrical impedance, these subtle changes might be missed. Once significant weight loss has occurred coupled with decreases in BCM (kg), the ECM/BCM ratio may be more reflective of malnutrition. These conjectures will require prospective evaluation, but for now it seems reasonable to include bioelectrical impedance as a potentially useful tool in the evaluation of malnutrition in this population.

Body Composition of Children on Capd

Our objectives were to estimate the body composition of children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), assess the fat-free mass (FFM) by bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and skinfold anthropometry (SF), and determine the effect of various parameters of the nutritional status and adequacy of dialysis on body composition. The design was a noninterventional retrospective clinical trial. The percent of fat ranged from 10% to 25% (15 +/- 2), when it was calculated from SF, and was from 9% to 32% (18 +/- 2) when it was calculated from BIA. There was a significant correlation between the percent of fat calculated by SF and by BIA (r = 0.94, p < 0.0001 with limits of agreement 4.16 to 1.37 and -0.40 to -3.19). The water content of FFM ranged from 70%-79%(74 +/- 1). There was a weak but significant correlation (r = 0.64, p = 0.016) between protein catabolic rate (PCR) and KT/V (V = 60% of weight). This correlation became more significant (r = 0.83, p = 0.0007) when the V of KT/V was calculated from BIA. The prediction of body composition with the use of bioelectrical impedance is a simple and reliable technique. Serial measurements of BIA might be an important tool for the assessment of the nutritional intervention.