Use Of Bending Research Articles

Highly-flexible monolithic integrated infrared electrochromic device based on polyaniline conducting polymer

The widespread use of the flexible infrared electrochromic device (IR-ED) fundamentally depends on not only the IR emissivity modulation ability of the functional layer but the component assembling structures. However, building integrated assembling structure for excellent flexibility and service life is an urgent but a challenging task due to exfoliation of the components of the traditional sandwich structure IR-ED during the use of bending and folding. Herein, we employed both sides of gold-plated nylon porous membrane as ion transport layer and electrode layer to construct highly-flexible monolithic integrated IR-ED. The dodecyl benzene sulfonate acid (DBSA)-doped PANI films were electrodeposited on the both side of gold-plated nylon porous membrane. Then the electrolyte was filled into the nylon porous membrane to successfully construct the highly-flexible monolithic integrated IR-ED. Compared with the traditional sandwich structure IR-ED, the unique configuration endows excellent IR electrochromic performance, ultra-high flexibility and structural stability. The monolithic integrated IR-ED can reversibly convert between colored state (dark green) and bleached state (golden yellow) upon the imposed external voltages, and the IR emission modulation of 0.43 and 0.40 is obtained at the wavelength ranges of 8–14 µm and 2.5–25 µm. The illustrated capabilities make the highly-flexible monolithic integrated IR EC device promising for thermoregulation related technologies and adaptive camouflage platforms.

Analyzing Genre of Character-Describing Cards in ‘Clash Royale’ Android Game

Playing games is the most enjoyable activity for some teenagers. However, playing games nowadays can be considered both a wasting time activity because by playing games some of teenagers spend much time playing it and an addicting activity making the players anti-social persons because they tend to isolate them from their surroundings while playing. However, some android games can offer the good example as the learning materials for Discourse Analysis course. One of those is the game from Supercell ‘Clash Royale’ which is considered the famous games which most game players have ever played. The unique way of describing the game characters through the cards is the object of this analysis. The method of collecting the data of these games is by capturing the pictures of the Clash Royale games and other similar games using the screenshot feature which is available in smartphone. After capturing the pictures, they are transcribed into text and analyze them by comparing the way in describing the characters in the cards. The pictures are used to compare the structure of cards which are used to describe the game characters. The use of bending and blending genre which appear in describing the characters is used to arouse the humorous feeling among the game players without breaking the conventional structure of the genre.

Estimation of fire resistance of bending reinforced concrete elements based on concrete with disperse fibers

The results of estimative calculations of bearing capacity, critical temperatures, and fire resistance ratings of reinforced concrete bending elements based on fiber concrete with disperse reinforcement of steel, basalt and synthetic fiber are presented. The calculations carried out on the example of a reinforced concrete rectangular beam both taking into account the percentage of reinforcement of each element and at a constant load corresponding to the condition of calculation adequacy showed that disperse reinforcement of a reinforced concrete bending element with steel, basalt and synthetic fiber increases its bearing capacity, but slightly affects critical temperature and fire resistance rating. Despite the fact that concrete with basalt fiber is the least sensitive to heat, concrete with steel and synthetic fibers turned out to be comparable in this indicator with ordinary concrete. The presented results of evaluative calculations allow predicting the use of bending reinforced concrete elements based on concrete with disperse fibers in conditions of increased fire hazard, depending on the percentage of reinforcement and on the workload.

U-bend fiber optical sensor for magnetic field sensing

In this paper, we propose a method for fabricating a U-bend optical fiber magnetic field sensor. The working principle of the sensor is based on the use of bending to induce a whispering gallery mode. In experimental testing, a U-shaped optic fiber probe was fabricated using a lamping process and then coated on its surface with ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4), which served as the magnetic field sensing layer. The intensity of an applied magnetic field was then controlled by the vertical distance between an NbFeB magnet and the sensor. The magnetic field was monitored using a Gauss meter. As the external magnetic field was applied to the sensor, it produced magnetic attraction with the Fe3O4. The magnetic field intensity was increased from 0 to 900 Gauss, which in turn caused the magnetic attraction to become larger. This in turn caused the optic fiber sensor to deform, inducing changes in the bending radius. Therefore, the wavelength shifted toward a short wavelength and the transmission loss was gradually increased. The results show that the sensitivity of the sensor in the magnetic field experiment was − 0.00130 nm/Gauss and the linearity (R2) was 0.888, while the corresponding average loss sensitivity was 0.00028 dB/Gauss and the corresponding linearity (R2) was 0.942.

The Influence of Thermomechanical Processing Conditions on the Evolution of Microstructure and Crystallographic Textures and the Mechanical Properties of Deformed Mild Steels in the Intercritical Region

Rolling temperature and rolling reduction intensively influence the formation of Luder lines and fluting marks in mild steels. They govern these effects through control of strain aging. In order to enhance the strain aging resistance and the consequent reduction of yield point elongation and fluting intensity, warm rolling without using the skin pass process is applied. The development of microstructure and crystallographic textures during deformation process and the determination of fluting intensity and mechanical properties consisting of tensile and formability properties in terms of different thermomechanical conditions (RT and RR%) were investigated in this study. These properties are determined through the use of bending, tensile tests, optical microscope, and EBSD analysis.

Optimization of cross-section of actively bent grid shells with strength and geometric compatibility constraints

The use of bending as self forming process allows the realization of shape-resistant systems, such as grid shell structures. Here, a numerical method for optimization of the cross-section of actively bent structures is introduced. For a given load distribution, the optimization objective consists of normalizing the bending stresses to a given value on the entire structure. In addition, strength and geometric compatibility constraints are taken into account. The method is demonstrated by numerical examples. Further, in order to handle the large displacements involved, a co-rotational Finite Element formulation is adopted and modified to take into account the changes in stiffness that occur in the forming process of active bending systems. The modified co-rotational formulation is solved for static equilibrium using a Dynamic Relaxation scheme, and is tested against the analytical solutions of some preliminary test cases, as well as experimental results, and shown to be ‘accurate’.

Timber gridshells: beyond the drawing board

In March 2011, a week-long workshop that invited participation from all architecture and architectural technology students at Sheffield Hallam University, UK was organised with the objective of enhancing students' thinking and experience by construction thinking. It was aimed at creating a sense of realness to realise a design project collectively. Timber was set as the material of exploration. The students had to make use of bending to design and create a timber gridshell structure. This made use of a quality traditionally felt to be a structural weakness of the material. To do this, students form-found non-mathematically and non-digitally using paper gridmats. This paper describes the aims, activity and outcome of the timber gridshell workshop as a way of preparing architects and technologists of the future and introducing the challenges of architectural design in terms of economics and construction process, aesthetics, effective communication and structural intuition by working with a given material – all important aspects in achieving effective architecture.

Frequency dependence of internal friction of plain metals for structural use.

Many investigations of internal friction of metals have been made so far. But, few well-ordered data of frequency dependence of loss factors have been obtained. Furthermore, it seems that incorrect constants of the three element model for visco-elasticity of metals are used sometimes. Therefore engineers who deal with structural vibrations can hardly know damping characteristics of materials. Then measurements of internal friction of mild steel, brass and alminum are made by use of bending, longitudinal and torsional vibrations. The obtained data of loss factors are arranged in relation to frequency. These metals show similar tendencies of damping to one another.

Precise Tensile Properties of Ceramic Bodies

Factors in obtaining and interpreting tensile data on ceramic bodies are discussed, with particular attention given to the use of bending. A bend test can be used conveniently to obtain precise tensile data as long as stress is directly proportional to strain in both tension and compression. The moduli of elasticity in tension and in compression need not be equal. To account for any such inequality, strain in both bottom and top longitudinal fibers should be considered in computing the tensile stress. Extraneous stresses in bending can be essentially eliminated through proper specimen design and manner of loading. Details for the consideration of extraneous stresses in practice are presented, along with an equation for computing tensile stress precisely from bend‐test data. Limited experimental work on oxide‐base and silicate‐base bodies supported the theoretical analysis of bending and indicated the suitability of a refined bend test for precise ceramic work.