Use Of Augmentation Techniques Research Articles

Augmentation in fragility fractures, bone of contention: a systematic review

BackgroundOsteoporosis is a complex multifactorial disease characterized by reduced bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue linked to an increase of fracture risk. Fragility fractures occur in osteoporotic subjects due to low-energy trauma. Osteoporotic patients are a challenge regarding the correct surgical planning, as it can include fixation augmentation techniques to reach a more stable anchorage of the implant, possibly lowering re-intervention rate and in-hospital stay.MethodsThe PubMed database and the Google Scholar search engine were used to identify articles on all augmentation techniques and their association with fragility fractures until January 2022. In total, we selected 40 articles that included studies focusing on humerus, hip, spine, and tibia.ResultsLiterature review showed a quantity of materials that can be used for reconstruction of bone defects in fragility fractures in different anatomic locations, with good results over the stability and strength of the implant anchorage, when compared to non-augmented fractures.ConclusionNowadays there are no recommendations and no consensus about the use of augmentation techniques in osteoporotic fractures. Our literature review points at implementing the use of bone augmentation techniques with a specific indication for elderly patients with comminuted fractures and poor bone quality.

Lung injury in patients age 75 years and older with the use of polymethylmethacrylate fenestrated pedicle screws

Pulmonary complications in patients age 75 years and older who undergo spinal fusion may have catastrophic consequences. The use of augmentation techniques with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) have been associated with pulmonary damage. The use of fenestrated pedicle screws augmented with PMMA may increase the risk of lung injury in this population. To investigate whether the use of PMMA-augmented screws is correlated with increased lung injury in patients undergoing instrumented lumbar spinal fusion. A nonrandomized, prospective, case-controlled clinical study was carried out. We included 50 consecutive patients: 25 classifieds as patients who required PMMA-augmented screws in lumbar spinal fusion, and 25 classifieds as control participants because they underwent uncemented instrumented spinal fusion. We compare the incidence of the event, lung damage, in both groups by measuring a series of parameters: arterial blood gas, transesophageal echocardiography, urinary desmosine, and chest radiograph. The epidemiological parameters analyzed were age, sex, body mass index, status as a smoker, and number of cement leaks. Changes in pulmonary damage markers were described in both groups of patients, comparing postsurgery values with baseline values. In control participants, each change was evaluated for the total number of patients. All changes are indicated in this report by mean differences for quantitative variables and by differing proportions for qualitative variables, with 95% confidence intervals provided for all values. There was an increase in postinstrumentation PaO2 (arterial partial pressure of oxygen) in both groups, probably related to the use of mechanical ventilation and recruitment maneuvers. Even though the group that required augmentation had lower baseline levels, the difference between groups was not statistically significant. On transesophageal echocardiographs, we observed scattered small, snowflake-like emboli, and bright echo signals appeared in the right atrium during PMMA injection. Signal density was constant but gradually faded away when PMMA injection ended. No participants in the group without augmentation had radiological complications. Overall, desmosine levels increased in both groups, and the rise was similar in both. There was a slight average increase in urine desmosine levels after instrumentation and progressively continues to rise until 24 hours after instrumentation, with a subsequent decrease at 72 hours. Comparing the two groups, we found no statistically significant differences at any time. We were not able to identify a significant difference in urine desmosine levels associated with the augmentation of with fenestrated pedicle screws with PMMA. Despite comparing patients age 75 years or older with a younger group, we found no clinical, analytical, or gasometric data indicating lung damage in patients who had augmentation.

Хирургическая техника и первые клинические результаты аугментационной анастомотической уретропластики без пересечения спонгиозного тела (операция KODAMA)

In case of complex and long urethral stricture a use of augmentation technique is often limited by "critically" narrowing of urethral plate. In such cases, the augmentation anastomotic urethroplasty without division of the corpus spongiosum can be the method of choice, because it allows to perform simultaneous augmentation urethroplasty with maximal sparing of antegrade blood flow in corpus spongiosum. In urologic clinic of N.I. Pirogov City Clinical Hospital No1 the analysis of 17 patients who were undergone to augmentation anastomotic urethroplasty without division of the corpus spongiosum (Kodama technique), performed by single surgeon from 2013 to 2017 yy was done. The meant stricture length was 3.75 cm (2-6). Penile, bulbar and panurethral stricture was found in 6 (35.3%), 7 (41.2%) and 4 (23.5%) cases, respectively. Technique efficiency was 88.2% and in 2 patients (11.8%) a stricture recurrence developed. The mean maximum flow rate before and after surgery were 5.4 and 23.1 ml/s, respectively (p<0.05). The mean catheterization time was 14 (7-30) days. There were no patients with de novo urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction. The initial results of augmentation anastomotic urethroplasty without division of the corpus spongiosum showed high efficiency. To our opinion, the antegrade blood flow sparing makes it the method of choice in patients with long non-traumatic urethral stricture (without severe spongiofibrosis), good preoperative erectile function but isolated length of "critically" narrowing of the urethral lumen.

Traumatology in the elderly : Multimodal prevention of delirium and use of augmentation techniques

Recent data show that 20-80% of surgery patients are affected by delirium during inpatient clinical treatment. The medical consequences are often dramatic and include a20 times higher mortality and treatment expenses of the medical unit increase considerably. At the University Hospital of Münster a multimodal and interdisciplinary concept for prevention and management of delirium was developed: all patients older than 65years admitted for surgery are screened by aspecialized team for the risk of developing delirium and treated by members of the team if there is a risk of delirium. Studies proved that by this multimodal approach the incidence of delirium was lowered and therefore the quality of medical care improved.When surgical treatment of fractures in the elderly is required, limited bone quality as well as pre-existing implants can complicate the procedure. Secondary loss of reduction after osteosynthesis and avulsion of the implant in particular must be prevented. Augmentation of the osteosynthetic implant with bone cement can increase the bone-implant interface and therefore stability can be improved. Additional intraoperative 3D imaging can be necessary depending on the localization of the fracture. In biomechanical studies we could prove greater stability in the osteosynthesis of osteoporotic fractures of the distal femur when using additional bone cement; therefore, the use of bone cement is an important tool, which helps to prevent complications in the surgical treatment of fractures in the elderly. Nevertheless, special implants and technical skills are required and some safety aspects should be considered.

Unstable Ankle Fractures in Older Patients: A Consecutive Series with Modern Internal Fixation Techniques

ABSTRACT Background Ankle fractures are among the most common injuries sustained by older patients. Management of these fractures remains both controversial and challenging. Clinical outcomes from a series of older patients treated surgically for unstable ankle fractures were reviewed to determine the effects of patient, injury and fixation factors on postoperative outcomes. Materials and methods A retrospective series of 58 consecutive patients age 60 years and older with 63 unstable ankle fractures treated surgically by a single surgeon over a 5- year period was reviewed. Forty-seven females (81.0%) and 11 males (19.0%) with a mean age of 72.6 (range, 60 to 88.4) years made up the sample. Results The most common injuries were OTA type 44-B2 (66.7%) or Lauge-Hansen supination-external rotation type-4 (76.2%) fractures. Forty-seven (74.6%) fractures were due to a low energy mechanism. Nineteen (30.6%) injuries were fracturedislocations and seven (11.1%) fractures were open. Augmented techniques were used in 31 (49.2%) cases overall. Ten (17.2%) patients experienced postoperative complications. Males, patients with fracture dislocations, high energy fractures, and open fractures experienced significantly worse outcomes (p &lt; 0.05). Age, fracture type and the use of augmented technique were not predictive of clinical outcomes. Conclusion Overall in this series, older patients treated surgically for ankle fractures experienced good clinical outcomes. Further investigations are required in order to find patient and injury factors that can assist preoperative planning and predict outcomes. Viens NA, Sutter EG, Mangiapani DS, Adams SB, Zura RD. Unstable Ankle Fractures in Older Patients: A Consecutive Series with Modern Internal Fixation Techniques. The Duke Orthop J 2013;3(1):25-31.

The challenge of fracture management in osteoporotic bones

Objective: To determine the types of fractures encountered in osteoporotic patients and assess the functional outcome of these fractures. Also suggest change of their management and to suggest preventive interventions. Design: A retrospective analytical 10 years study between 1998 and 2007. Setting: The patients were treated at three private hospitals in Nairobi, Kenya. Patients and methods: Consecutive files of traceable patients who were treated for osteoporotic fractures from January 1998 to December 2007. The demographic data, investigations, management methods and functional outcomes of the treatment were determined. The data collected was analysed using SPSS 17.0 windows. Results: Sixty patients were available for review. Forty five were females while 15 were males, giving a F:M ration of 3:1. There were 14 vertebral fractures, 15 hip fractures (5 neck fractures intra-capsular) and 10 extra capsular)., 5 fractures of the distal wrist and 8 humeral fractures, 4 rib fractures, 6 pelvic fractures, 2 sternal fractures and 6 tibial fractures. Twenty six (40%) of the above fractures namely the vertebral, ribs, pelvis and sternum were treated conservatively while 34 fractures (60%) were treated by various methods of internal fixation. All were old patients aged 60 to 101 years (Mean 75 years.) The overall results of the surgery was unsatisfactory in 13(38%) due to metal pull out, screw loosening, periprosthetic fractures, none union seen in patients of hip, humerus, tibia fractures. Twenty one patients (62%) had good outcome. Conclusion: Osteoporotic fractures are a challenge to orthopaedic and trauma surgeons due to unpredictable results of surgery in the elderly patients. Recommendations: It is suggested to make awareness among health workers especially the orthopaedic and trauma surgeons, nurses and physiotherapists so as to put preventive measures in place. As regards operative management careful planning as team work and use of newer techniques, pharmaceuticals like diphosphonates to assist in fracture healing and use of augmentation techniques is worthwhile considering. Kenya Orthopaedic Association (K.O.A) formulate a policy for management of osteoporotic fractures in our local set up. East African Orthopaedic Journal, Vol. 4: March 2010

A survey of clinical members of the Association of Dental Implantology in the United Kingdom. Part III. The use of augmentation techniques in dental implant surgery.

The aims of the survey were to: (1) determine the use of the staged and simultaneous augmentation techniques; (2) determine trends in the use of barrier membranes; (3) establish the perceived reliability of techniques used to monitor implants that have undergone simultaneous augmentation; and (4) assess the use of biopsy techniques to confirm the histologic outcome of bone augmentation. One hundred seventy-two respondents replied to this section of the survey and indicated that the "staged" and "simultaneous" augmentation techniques were used in roughly equal numbers during 1997, and a wide range of complications was reported with the latter. The majority used barrier membranes to correct defects of between 5 and 10 mm3, and resorbable membranes were preferred. With regard to clinical techniques used to monitor augmented implants, these were mainly considered to be "adequate" or "poor." Tissue biopsy was recognized as an important tool for determining the outcome of augmentation procedures but was rarely used. The use of resorbable membranes is likely to increase. The diagnostic tools currently used to monitor augmented implants are considered to have limited reliability, and they should be evaluated by prospective, comparative studies. More widespread use of biopsy techniques might help establish an evidence base for the histologic outcome of augmentation materials and techniques.