Use Of Audiotapes Research Articles

QUALITATIVE STUDY OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SCHOOL COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIP AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STAFF AND PARENTS IN IBADAN, NIGERIA

<p><strong>Background:</strong> School-community relationship is the presence of an intelligent connection between teaching instructors, school administrators, the community where the school is situated and parents. The success or failure of the school system, involving the (principals, teachers, students and parents) depends to a large extent, on the general educational environment of the communities and their value system. There is a dearth of studies on parents’ involvement in schools in Nigeria. This study was a qualitative study that investigated the factors influencing the implementation of school-community relationships among school staff and parents in Ibadan Nigeria. <strong>Methods:</strong> In-depth interviews were conducted with 49 participants (28 school staff and 21 parents). A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted to select the respondents from five (5) government-funded (public) schools and (2) private schools. Consent was obtained for the use of audiotapes, which were transcribed verbatim with a thematic analysis of data. <strong>Results:</strong> The majority of the participants (67.8%) were female school staff between the ages of 25-60 years. Most of the parents were females (90.7%) between the ages of 25-46 years. The level of knowledge of both the school staff and parents about the school-community relationship was limited. Despite their limited knowledge, both the school staff and parents had a positive attitude toward the school-community relationship, and the schools involved the parents in the school activities. However, poor communication, type of parents’ job/schedule, poor parent-teacher relationship were factors influencing the implementation of school-community relationships in the schools. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study emphasizes the importance of advocacy and policy changes that will enable school staff to be more receptive to parents and surrounding communities and to foster behavioural changes in both parents and school staff. Additionally, health promotion and education programs focusing on the importance of school-community relationships should be implemented among school staff.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0555/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Indepth Interviews' on Acceptability and Concerns for Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine Uptake among Mothers of Adolescent Girls in Community Settings in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine offers protection of between 80 and 100% for anogenital warts and 60-80% in reducing the incidence of pre-malignant lesions from cervical cancer. However, uptake remains low in Nigeria among adolescent girls. This study was a qualitative study that assessed mothers' acceptability and concerns regarding uptake of HPV vaccine by their adolescent daughters. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 mothers of adolescents girls aged 9-15years. A snowballing sampling technique was adopted to select the mothers within the community. Consent was obtained for the use of audiotapes, which were transcribed verbatim with thematic analysis of data. Mothers were between the ages of 30-49years and most of them were traders. Almost all of the women have heard about cervical cancer, but their knowledge about cervical cancer and HPV vaccine was low. Despite their low knowledge, most of the mothers accepted that the vaccine is good and was willing for their adolescent daughters to take the HPV vaccine for the prevention of HPV. However, cost of the vaccine, side effects, and potential exposure of their daughters to promiscuity after taking the vaccine for protection were the major concerns expressed by the mothers as regards to HPV vaccine uptake by their daughters. Findings highlight the need for health promotion and education programs about cervical cancer, HPV, and HPV vaccine to increase awareness and knowledge among mothers of adolescent girls. Also, HPV vaccination should be included as part of routine immunization for female adolescents.

Relays: Audiotape, Material Affordances, and Cultural Practice

AbstractThis article considers the relationship between audiotape's material affordances and the audibility of cultural practices. Not all changes in the materiality of sound media are audible to listeners, and not all changes in the audibility of cultural practices require changes in their material support. Thus focus on the affordances of sound technologies – those possibilities of sound technologies that may or may not be engaged by its users, and the wide range of practices that such technologies support – can help to connect materiality and audibility. I address the affordances of audiotape by examining a number of small case studies where established sonic practices encounter a transition from phonography to audiotape: musique concrète and the tape loop, serialist composition, and Les Paul's use of overdubbing. Finally, I consider the nature of the audiotape archive and its mode of access in order to pose some general questions about the meaning and use of audiotape's affordances.

On the Use of Audio-Tapes for Teaching Vector Analysis to Engineering Undergraduates

An audio-tape with an accompanying booklet of notes has been prepared specifically for teaching the topic of vector analysis to engineering undergraduates in their second year of study at Sheffield University. The audio-tape package was designed to replace four conventional lectures. The implications of introducing an innovative teaching practice into a mathematically based discipline are discussed. The reactions of two cohorts of students on whom this teaching innovation was trialled are described. It was deduced that students are likely to be more receptive to an alternative teaching practice if they are encouraged to participate in the decision-making processes concerning the details of its implementation. Such activities generate the concept of ‘shared ownership’, which tends to promote more positive student feedback.

Audiotaping communication of the diagnosis of childhood leukemia: parents' evaluation.

To evaluate how parents viewed the authors' practice of audiotaping the initial communication of the leukemia diagnosis and of the complete program of care, including the prognosis. From January 1997 through December 1998, at the end of the formal communication interview, parents were asked to evaluate the audiotaping by filling out a questionnaire concerning the procedure. Sixty-three parents of children with leukemia participated. The authors' use of audiotapes was strongly supported by the parents as a supplementary intervention and has become a routine procedure.

Use of audiotapes for patient education, medical record documentation, and informed consent in lower extremity reconstruction.

Since 1992, the authors have audiotaped each new patient visit and provided a copy of that tape to the patient. In addition, an office copy of the entire patient interaction is maintained in an office file. One hundred twelve patients seen over a 6-month period participated in a survey measuring their satisfaction with this procedure, and six attorneys were surveyed after listening to a representative tape. Ninety percent of patients had positive comments about receiving the tape. Seventy percent played the tape for others, most commonly their spouses. The attorneys concluded the patient was well served by this process, and there were no increased malpractice issues or exposure. The cost of providing patients with the tapes is minimal, and the high level of patient satisfaction and increased understanding offer a considerable benefit to patients and office staff.

An Intervention to Increase Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Using Audio Communications: In-Store Public Service Announcements and AudioTapes

Consumers make an estimated 70% of their food purchase decisions as they shop . Effective presentation of information about healthier food selections at the point - of purchase should have an impact on their decisions. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of two audio formats on knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about fruits and vegetables and on intake of these foods . Participants identified as "regular shoppers" (n = 374) in three intervention stores were recruited as they entered. They provided baseline demographic data, answered questions about their knowledge and beliefs about fruits and vegetables, and completed a checklist to assess fruit and vegetable intake. They were given two one - hour audiotapes and asked to play them within the next four weeks. In - store public service announce ments (PSAs) with information about fruits and vegetables were rotated every 30 minutes for four weeks. A control group (n = 378), recruited in three other stores matched by demographic characteristics , provided the same information. They received an audiotape with stress reduction information . At posttest, the original series of questionnaires were readministered in telephone interviews with 87.7% of the original intervention group and 93.7 % of the original control group. Knowledge scores in the intervention group increased significantly over baseline and as compared with the control group. Self-reported fruit and vegetable intake increased significantly in both groups, perhaps in part because of a seasonal effect. The increase from baseline was significantly higher in the intervention group and com pared with controls. These findings support the further exploration of the use of audiotapes in nutrition education interventions.

The take-home message: Doctors' views on letters and tapes after a cancer consultation

Patients' understanding of their disease and treatment varies in detail and accuracy. In order to participate in decisions about their care patients must understand, evaluate and retain complex information. We canvassed doctors' views about the use of individualised letters and the use of audiotapes of the initial cancer consultation to improve doctor-patient communication. The study sample consists of doctors whose patients participated in a trial of the latter technique. One hundred sixty of 194 doctors (82%) responded to a mailed questionnaire. Sixty-one percent of respondents felt that providing patients with a tape of their initial cancer consultation would be beneficial, and 71% felt that an individualised letter would be better. General practitioners were more supportive of providing tape recordings to patients than were specialists (p = 0.057), but both groups favoured letters over tapes. Specialists were more concerned about the risks of providing tapes to patients than were general practitioners (p = 0.001), but only 13% of respondents felt that the risks were prohibitive. Wide support for providing individualised letters or tapes to patients, and copies to their doctors, indicate that the doctors surveyed believe that both doctor-patient and doctor-doctor communication could be improved by the use of these techniques.

Old Technology Revisited: The Use of Audio Tapes

As a way to preserve student enthusiasm and retain a person touch despite larger class sizes, the author describes his use of audio-tape to provide students with feedback on their assignments.

Teaching Medical Interviewing

Recent advances in educational theory and methodology have made it possible to teach medical interviewing with as much rigor as other clinical skills. We describe a firstsemester, first-year medical student course that effectively teaches basic interviewing skills. This course provides faculty development, small group learning, detailed faculty and student coursebooks, and an interview checklist that delineates specific interviewing skills and content areas, serving as a template for teaching, practice, and feedback. Students have many opportunities for practice in role play and with patients, followed by feedback by self, peers, and faculty. Use of audiotape and videotape reviews enhances the learning experience. This article describes our course, suggests educational principles and standards for the teaching of medical interviewing, and presents educational research demonstrating significant gains in students' skills associated with improvement in standardized patient satisfaction. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>. 1992;152:1814-1820)

Teaching medical interviewing. A basic course on interviewing and the physician-patient relationship.

Recent advances in educational theory and methodology have made it possible to teach medical interviewing with as much rigor as other clinical skills. We describe a first-semester, first-year medical student course that effectively teaches basic interviewing skills. This course provides faculty development, small group learning, detailed faculty and student coursebooks, and an interview checklist that delineates specific interviewing skills and content areas, serving as a template for teaching, practice, and feedback. Students have many opportunities for practice in role play and with patients, followed by feedback by self, peers, and faculty. Use of audiotape and videotape reviews enhances the learning experience. This article describes our course, suggests educational principles and standards for the teaching of medical interviewing, and presents educational research demonstrating significant gains in students' skills associated with improvement in standardized patient satisfaction.

A comparison of computer-assisted instruction and small-group teaching of cardiac auscultation to medical students

Cardiac auscultation is suffering from declining interest, caused by competing diagnostic technology and inadequate training of doctors. Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) supporting graphics and digitized sound could be ideally suited for teaching and sharpening this skill. To evaluate this premise we randomized 35 third-year medical students to 3 hours of seminar teaching plus the use of audiotapes (group 1), the self-use of a MacIntosh-based CAI (group 2), or both (group 3). All students took a pre- and post-test consisting of eight pre-recorded cardiac events and were also assessed for computer anxiety. Although there were no significant differences between pre- and post-tests for each group and among groups, group 1 had a 4.5% deterioration in its diagnostic score compared to the 7.2% and 3.2% improvements of groups 2 and 3 respectively. Group 2 used the CAI significantly more than group 3. We conclude that CAI is at least as effective as seminars in teaching cardiac auscultation to third-year medical students.

Comparison of self-directed and tape-assisted self-hypnosis.

Abstract Previous research on self-hypnosis has concentrated on the relationship between heterohypnosis and either self-directed self-hypnosis or self-initiated self-hypnosis. Despite widespread use of audiotapes to assist the process of self-hypnosis, no previous research has compared tape-assisted and self-directed self-hypnosis. Forty-eight inexperienced volunteers were hypnotized and taught self-hypnosis by posthypnotic suggestion and immediate practice in the office. They were randomly assigned to one of two experimental orders to practice self-directed and tape-assisted self-hypnosis. No differences were found between heterohypnosis or either type of self-hypnosis in response to behavioral suggestions. Experiential ratings, however, consistently favored heterohypnosis over either type of self-hypnosis. Tape-assisted self-hypnosis was consistently evaluated as superior to self-directed practice by newly trained subjects.

The Grammar of Psychotherapy. Interactograms: three self-monitoring instruments for audiotape feedback.

This paper describes the development of three self-monitoring forms to enable students to make constructive use of audiotapes of their interviews with patients. Each interactogram is described in detail, with examples where necessary.

Use of Behavioral Methods to Control the Aversive Effects of Chemotherapy

This article discusses three general issues that must bc considercd in implementing a program of behavioral intervention to assist cancer patients: ( 1 ) how to train patients in behavioral techniques, (2) how to implement the use of those techniques in a clinical setting, and (3) how to enhance the rapport between patients and therapists. The author describes his use of audiotapes to teach patients the techniques of active or passive relaxation with guided imagery. These tapes have provided a cost-effective and therapeutically valid method of helping patients control the aversive effects of chemotherapy and other medical procedures.

Using Audiotapes in Occupational Therapy Continuing Education

The purpose of this study was to evalute the use of audiotapes as an alternate method for continuing education. Thirty randomly selected practicing occupational therapists were randomly assigned to either a control group, which did not listen to the audiotape, or to an experimental group, which listened to the audiotape. Analysis of variance revealed that the audiotape group scored significantly higher than the control group ( p &lt; .01) on a specially constructed achievement test. Responses to a questionnaire by participants in the audiotape group revealed that they felt that the audiotape method was convenient and that the study guide was useful. Significant negative correlations were found between test scores and the number of years a participant had practiced and between test scores and perceived difficulty in locating a particular section on the tape. Suggestions for improving future audiotape courses are discussed.

The use of audiotapes in psychotherapy.

The use of audiotapes in psychotherapy.

New Products

The use of audiotapes has brgun to emerge as a promising practice in individualized mathematics programs. In addition to reviewing several sets of commercially prepared tapes, Roger Doucet. Mathematics Chairman of Osseo Junior High School, Osseo. Minnesota, has described a process of implementing a tape library.—Johnson.

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis: Results and Discussion II

Based upon a prediction scheme using multiple linear regression analysis, an evaluation of two instructional strategies is reported in this paper. The purpose of this study was to use audio-tutorial materials as the vehicle for transmission of learning in a biology program and to determine the relationship between estimates of student abilities and level of achievement in an A-T course. If achievement is accepted as a criterion for measuring the effectiveness of a program, on the basis of these data, the audio-tutorial course was more effective than the regular course in teaching biology to college students.