Use Of Artificial Intelligence Systems Research Articles

Socialization 2.5: Social Education in the era of Aggregator Platform

The article is devoted to the analysis of an urgent problem – the emergence and development of new phenomena in the field of Russian social education – children’s public organizations integrated into state macro-information systems. The “Movement of the First” is the most striking example of this kind, in which its digital and “living” human components are closely interconnected. The metaphor “Socialization 2.5” in the title of the article reflects the position of the authors that socialization under the conditions of the developing Internet environment in Russian conditions has already outgrown the distinctive features of “Web 2.0”, but has taken a different path than the proposed version of “Web 3.0”. The article argues the position according to which children’s public organizations (movements) engaged in social education are independent socio-technogenic factors. Organizations (movements) of this kind are a tool for removing, levelling the social and cultural characteristics of differentiated social groups and solving a number of other social, educational and cultural tasks. It is shown that the real conceptual model of the subject area of business processes of the “Movement of the First” (romanized: Dvizheniye pervykh – RDDM activities) is described in the language of economics, sociology, computer science, the language of business trainings adapted to a youth audience, but does not use the language of traditional Russian academic pedagogy. The article identifies a number of new problems of social education, which are a consequence of its development in conditions of integration with digital technologies: the inclusion of man-made components in the process of identifying a child with the movement, in acts of initiation (occupation of a certain status, including membership in the movement), in communication, the absolute absence of anonymity. Possible threats to the development of the children’s organization “Movement of the First” are noted as: a bias towards “virtualization” of the proposed activities, up to the replacement of activities in the physical world with its “digital footprint”, the risk of using exclusively formal indicators of movement development, the problem of motivating the activity of subjects, the problem of balance between the requests of movement participants and the “resource intensity” of the proposed “activities”. In the perspective, it can be assumed that the digital component of the movement will develop intensively, expanding the degree of automation, the use of artificial intelligence systems, which may lead to further deformation and adaptation of the system of social interactions within the movement to the possibilities of the digital environment. All named problems are a challenge in relation to the theory of social education and require serious research based on an appropriate methodological basis.

Exploring the Use and Implications of AI in Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force across the health sector and has garnered significant attention within sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) due to polarizing views on its opportunities to advance care and the heightened risks and implications it brings to people's well-being and bodily autonomy. As the fields of AI and SRHR evolve, clarity is needed to bridge our understanding of how AI is being used within this historically politicized health area and raise visibility on the critical issues that can facilitate its responsible and meaningful use. This paper presents the protocol for a scoping review to synthesize empirical studies that focus on the intersection of AI and SRHR. The review aims to identify the characteristics of AI systems and tools applied within SRHR, regarding health domains, intended purpose, target users, AI data life cycle, and evidence on benefits and harms. The scoping review follows the standard methodology developed by Arksey and O'Malley. We will search the following electronic databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL. Inclusion criteria comprise the use of AI systems and tools in sexual and reproductive health and clear methodology describing either quantitative or qualitative approaches, including program descriptions. Studies will be excluded if they focus entirely on digital interventions that do not explicitly use AI systems and tools, are about robotics or nonhuman subjects, or are commentaries. We will not exclude articles based on geographic location, language, or publication date. The study will present the uses of AI across sexual and reproductive health domains, the intended purpose of the AI system and tools, and maturity within the AI life cycle. Outcome measures will be reported on the effect, accuracy, acceptability, resource use, and feasibility of studies that have deployed and evaluated AI systems and tools. Ethical and legal considerations, as well as findings from qualitative studies, will be synthesized through a narrative thematic analysis. We will use the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) format for the publication of the findings. The database searches resulted in 12,793 records when the searches were conducted in October 2023. Screening is underway, and the analysis is expected to be completed by July 2024. The findings will provide key insights on usage patterns and evidence on the use of AI in SRHR, as well as convey key ethical, safety, and legal considerations. The outcomes of this scoping review are contributing to a technical brief developed by the World Health Organization and will guide future research and practice in this highly charged area of work. OSF Registries osf.io/ma4d9; https://osf.io/ma4d9. PRR1-10.2196/53888.

Development and Validation of the Artificial Intelligence Learning Intention Scale (AILIS) for University Students

As artificial intelligence (AI) permeates almost all aspects of our lives, university students need to acquire relevant knowledge, skills, and attitudes to adapt to the challenges it poses. This study reports the development and validation of a scale called the Artificial Intelligence Learning Intention Scale (AILIS). AILIS was designed to measure the different factors that shape university students’ behavioral intentions to learn about AI and their AI learning. We recruited 907 Chinese university students who answered the survey. The scale is comprised of 9 factors that are categorized into various dimensions pertaining to epistemic capacity (AI basic knowledge, programming efficacy, designing AI for social good), facilitating environments (actual use of AI systems, subjective norms, access to support and technology), psychological attitudes (resilience, optimism, personal relevance), and focal outcomes (behavioral intention to learn AI, actual learning of AI). Reliability analyses and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the scale has acceptable reliability and construct validity. Structural equational modeling results demonstrated the critical role played by epistemic capacity, facilitating environments, and psychological attitudes in promoting students’ behavioral intentions and actual learning of AI. Overall, the findings revealed that university students express a strong intention to learn about AI, and this behavioral intention is positively associated with actual learning. The study contextualizes the theory of planned behavior for university AI education, provides guidelines on the design of AI curriculum courses, and proposes a possible tool to evaluate university AI curriculum.

Может ли использование информационных технологий быть квалифицирующим признаком преступлений против интеллектуальной собственности?

Introduction. The present article is devoted to the issue of registration of the use of information technologies in committing offences against intellectual property. This issue is considered by the author in three aspects - the use of computer information in the committing offences; information and telecommunication networks, including the Internet; and the use of artificial intelligence technologies in committing offences. Methods. The methods of formal logic, system-structural analysis are applied in the research, the main attention is paid to the analysis of materials of judicial practice. Results. The author concludes that the use of information technology should lead to stricter liability in cases where it significantly simplifies crime committing, leads to an increased number of recipients of destructive information or illicit goods and substances, and has the potential to raise the number of offences committed. Based on the results of the research, the author formulates specific proposals to improve criminal legislation in the field of intellectual property. The author proposes to include in separate articles on offences against intellectual property the qualifying feature “an act committed with the use of information and telecommunication networks, including the Internet, or with the use of artificial intelligence systems”.

Совершенствование процесса принятия управленческих решений в сельском хозяйстве с применением систем искусственного интеллекта

Abstract. The problem of the quality of managerial decisions is one of the most acute problems of agriculture. Their quality can be improved with the use of digital technologies, including the use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The purpose of the study is to clarify the main stages of managerial decision-making, taking into account the use of AI systems. The scientific novelty lies in the development of a structural model for making a managerial decision, taking into account the use of AI systems, the main components of this process are identified. The research methods were the analysis of publications in the WoS scientific citation network on the topics “agriculture” and “artificial intelligence”, as well as the abstract-logical method in the analysis of the main stages of making a managerial decision. The results of the study were the determination of the composition and content of the stages of the procedural decision invariant, taking into account the use of artificial intelligence systems. The use of artificial intelligence systems allows diagnosing the occurrence of problems in crop production, animal husbandry, and technical systems at an early stage. Data collection and analysis in the process of making a managerial decision using AI systems includes direct data collection using sensors, cameras, scanners, etc., their cleaning and preliminary analysis, exploratory and statistical analysis, data modeling and interpretation of results. The use of AI systems will make it possible to operate with large data sets from agricultural production facilities, which will reduce uncertainty in making managerial decisions. The analysis of alternatives and the development of a management decision using AI systems turns off the forecasting of agricultural development indicators in a given system of constraints, the generation of alternative solutions and the choice of the optimal alternative, the acceptance or ignoring of the proposed alternatives. AI systems can be used to automate and optimize the process of implementing management decisions, monitoring and controlling management decisions. The use of AI systems to automate management decision-making processes in agriculture can help improve management efficiency.

BATHYMETRIC AND HYDROGRAPHIC PARAMETERS OF WATER BODIES OVER NEURAL NETWORKS

Today, there is an increased use of artificial intelligence systems to solve the latest mixed science and technology problems. And Earth remote sensing (ERS) is one of these problems. As it applies to ERS problems, neural network approaches can be conventionally classified as algo- rithms indirectly using physical and non-physical quantities, i.e. measure values from satellite tools. In other terms, a function linking input quantity and output (such as the probability of a particular class in a classification problem) is approximated by the algorithms spec ified, unlike other approaches where this function is usually explicitly asserted. The widespread use of classification algorithms is the case of an explicit physical approach based on spectral analysis and threshold methods when physical quantities (e.g., spectral brightness ratio, luminous temperature, etc.) or spectral indices are evaluated by means of thresholds specified for each class. This approach requires complex dependencies to get more exact results in an unknown analytical form. However, using neural networks such difficulties can be overcome [1]. The article is aimed to highlight the primary results to practice the neural network in bathymetric and hydrographic parameters of water bodies identification.

Принципи и ценности на Европейския съюз в областта на изкуствения интелект

It is crucial to promote the development and use of artificial intelligence in Europe by increasing investment, promoting excellence in AI-related technologies and strengthening cooperation in research and innovation. Artificial intelligence is rapidly entering our lives, covering an ever wider range of social relations. Given its importance and applicability, the deployment and use of artificial intelligence systems needs to be strictly regulated.

Implications of Technological Evolution on Human Resource Management Strategies and Legal Compliance

Technological evolution, particularly in the realms of digitization and automation, has had a profound impact on how companies conduct their business. The use of artificial intelligence systems, data analytics, and collaborative platforms has transformed work processes and expedited business operations. This research aims to analyze the implications of technological evolution on human resource management strategies and legal compliance. The study utilizes a comprehensive analysis of previously published literature, employing a qualitative analysis approach to gain a thorough understanding of the issues at hand. The research period spans from 2000 to 2023. The study's findings indicate that technological evolution has significantly affected human resource management strategies and legal compliance, especially within the context of Indonesia's Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower. The integration of technology into human resource management processes has enhanced efficiency and productivity but has also posed new challenges related to employee privacy, data protection, and changes in work dynamics.

Analysis of directions for application of artificial intelligence systems in soil condition analysis

The most significant characteristics of the soil are water-physical, biological and other properties, by influencing which it is possible to increase the productivity of agricultural crops. Analyzing various soil characteristics is a very labor-intensive and expensive process. The authors reviewed research on the use of artificial intelligence systems in the field of soil analysis. The purpose of the study is to analyze research on the use of artificial intelligence systems in the field of soil analysis. The article presents an analysis of artificial intelligence systems based on artificial neural networks (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), support vector machine (SVM), multiple regression (MR) methods, particle swarm algorithm (PSO) and also their ensembles (various combinations). The use of these systems (their models) makes it possible to predict various types of soil erosion, predict soil temperature and moisture depending on various conditions, and also predict such complex indicators as the cation exchange capacity of the soil. The scope of application of artificial intelligence systems is to increase the awareness of managers and specialists of agricultural organizations and industry management bodies about various soil characteristics. This, in turn, allows you to make optimal decisions on various agricultural activities. Artificial intelligence systems can process significant amounts of data with high accuracy and speed compared to humans, which makes it possible to more effectively analyze many factors affecting the condition of the soil. The use of artificial intelligence systems can significantly reduce the cost of analyzing various soil characteristics and is a necessary condition for the use of precision farming systems.

Цифровая экономика как определяющий фактор развития и эффективного функционирования регионального агропромышленного комплекса

The directions of development of the agricultural sector, farming systems, processes of interaction between rural commodity producers and local self-government in the conditions of the digital economy are considered. Current problems of farming systems arising from the use of digital technologies in the agricultural sector are identified. The article notes that the development of farming systems in the digital economy is beginning to change the role of local government, and the participation of society in production processes is intensifying. The organization of production processes of land use, based on the use of artificial intelligence systems, the use of network technologies in management systems, electronic cadastres, is a factor that ensures increased efficiency of agricultural production and the elimination of corruption in resolving issues of distribution, use and accounting of land. In the digital economy, the formation of an institutional environment is ensured that facilitates the organization of effective interaction between business entities, the reduction of transaction costs, the introduction of innovative technologies, the development of social capital, and ensuring the growth of the economy of rural areas.

Harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with European law in the field of digital transformation of courts

The article is devoted to the problems of harmonization of national legislation in the era of digital transformation of courts with European law. The article reveals the essence of harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with European law in the field of digital transformation of courts. The main areas of research of scientists who at various stages were engaged in the study of problems related to the general characteristics of the harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with European law in the field of digital transformation of courts were studied. The European experience of the digital transformation of courts was analyzed and ways of harmonizing Ukrainian legislation with European law in the above-mentioned area were proposed. The theoretical problems of the digital transformation of the judiciary of Ukraine with European law are determined. A system of measures, functions and principles of harmonization of national legislation in the era of digital transformation of courts with European law is proposed. The stages of harmonization of legislation on the digital transformation of Ukrainian courts with European law are named. A comparative analysis of the legislative regulation of the judiciary in the era of digital transformation in Ukraine and in foreign countries was carried out, on the basis of which proposals were developed regarding the possibility of using foreign experience in the law-making activity of the state.The author argues that the observance of fundamental digital human rights and freedoms to some extent depends on the perfection of national legislation on judicial proceedings and legal mechanisms that will regulate the field of artificial intelligence used in courts. The article substantiates that the draft resolution of the European Parliament and the Council, proposed by the European Commission, establishing unified rules for artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) and amending some EU legislative acts, is an important stage in the formation of the legal basis for regulating the use of artificial intelligence systems in courts, which must stand the test of time, balance the protection of fundamental rights, ensure legal certainty and stimulate innovation. Key words: digital transformation, national courts, European law, European judiciary, electronic court, digital technologies.

The artificial intelligence: Prospects for development and problems of humanization

The research explores the main problems associated with the development and implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in human activities, as well as with the humanization of these technologies. In a broad sense, artificial intelligence is a set of algorithms and software systems that can solve some problems the way a person would do and differ in that they are amenable to learning. An analysis of the problems of introducing artificial intelligence technologies makes it possible to substantiate the main levers of state policy aimed at the development and integrated use of digital intelligent systems. The success of the introduction and dissemination of artificial intelligence technologies largely depends on the effectiveness of state regulation of this sphere, both at the state and supranational levels. The development of machine learning systems must necessarily include an ethical aspect and some restrictions, otherwise the rapid development of intelligent machines can lead to the collapse of human civilization. To avoid such a development of events, it is necessary to create a supranational system for regulating artificial intelligence. Thus, the object of study of this article is the use of artificial intelligence systems in various fields of human activity. The authors use content analysis, systemic, adaptive and synergistic methods. In addition, the authors apply modern statistics, empirical generalization and grouping.

It wasn't me, it was the AI: Intellectual property and data privacy concerns with nonprofits' use of artificial intelligence systems

In today's rapidly changing technological landscape, artificial intelligence (AI) is making headlines and being discussed constantly. To be sure, AI provides a powerful tool to nonprofits in creating content and exploiting for countless cost‐effective purposes. As nonprofit executives, you may be wondering how AI intersects with intellectual property and data privacy law, and how it could affect your organization. While the full extent of the implications will only be fully understood after some history with the use of AI, some of the issues are already predictable.

Trustworthy AI: AI made in Germany and Europe?

AbstractAs the capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) continue to expand, concerns are also growing about the ethical and social consequences of unregulated development and, above all, use of AI systems in a wide range of social areas. It is therefore indisputable that the application of AI requires social standardization and regulation. For years, innovation policy measures and the most diverse activities of European and German institutions have been directed toward this goal. Under the label “Trustworthy AI” (TAI), a promise is formulated, according to which AI can meet criteria of transparency, legality, privacy, non-discrimination, and reliability. In this article, we ask what significance and scope the politically initiated concepts of TAI occupy in the current process of AI dynamics and to what extent they can stand for an independent, unique European or German development path of this technology.

Risks of the Malicious Use of Artificial Intelligence and the Possibility of Minimizing Them

A rapid improvement of intellectual systems capable of performing creative functions, which was in the past viewed as a unique human ability, has been a breakthrough in the technology progress of recent years. As access to it became available for a wide range of people, the popularity of artificial intelligence (AI) in various spheres of human activities has rocketed. This phenomenon, however, is fraught with negative consequences — the use of AI systems for criminal purposes. The authors describe the character of such threats, and review the results of their analysis by foreign researchers, as this problem emerged abroad somewhat earlier than in our country. The application of international experience of counteracting the criminal use of artificial intelligence while taking into consideration national specifics is also useful from the standpoint of predicting further dynamics of the situation and reducing its negative consequences. The authors discuss such problems associated with the use of AI systems as the violation of copyright in generating images, the creation speech and video deepfakes for distance fraud and extortion, the dissemination of pornography, and discrediting people. The growing public danger of harassment and humiliation in AI-assisted cyberbullying is stressed. The case when a West European person committed suicide after communication with a chat bot of an AI system is highlighted, together with the fact that the bots’ creators were not prosecuted. Discussions on determining the subject of crimes in cases of accidents involving UAVs are studied, dangerous trends in the use of AI products in the military sphere are identified, and the necessity of prohibiting “autonomous weapons” at the international level is stressed. The authors analyze first attempts at the legal regulation of the use of AI products and propose the following measures of preventing, neutralizing and reducing the risks of AI systems’ malicious use: user verification, labeling of AI-created products, testing new systems for possible criminal use, quick reaction to criminal incidents by working out recommendations for their prevention, improvement of the systems to identify a covert use of AI, legislative changes that take into account new facts of publicly dangerous actions, limitation of the use of AI instruments in specific spheres (military, jurisprudence, expert work) and determination of the possibilities to use them for completing creative qualifying work, competition tasks, dissertations.

Responsible use of AI in military systems: prospects and challenges

Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds great potential for the military domain but is also seen as prone to data bias and lacking transparency and explainability. In order to advance the trustworthiness of AI-enabled systems, a dynamic approach to the development, deployment and use of AI systems is required. This approach, when incorporating ethical principles such as lawfulness, traceability, reliability and bias mitigation, is called ‘Responsible AI’. This article describes the challenges of using AI responsibly in the military domain from a human factors and ergonomics perspective. Many of the ironies of automation originally described by Bainbridge still apply in the field of AI, but there are also some unique challenges and requirements that need to be considered, such as a larger emphasis on ethical risk analyses and validation and verification up-front, as well as moral situation awareness during deployment and use of AI in military systems.

Prospects for the use of artificial intelligence as a means of counteraction to corruption in the activities of the bodies of preliminary investigation and the court

Subject of study: features of the possible use of artificial intelligence systems in order to reduce corruption risks in judicial and investigative activities.
 The purpose of the study: to identify and propose ways to overcome legal discretion and, thereby, ways to reduce the level of corruption based on the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the activities of the investigation and court.
 Research methods and objects: the research is based on the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. Private scientific methods of cognition were used in the following aspects: when considering the concept of artificial intelligence, methods of formal logic were used; the study of the practice of introducing artificial intelligence into investigative and judicial activities was based on the formal legal method. The object of the study is the social relations that are developing in the field of criminal procedure, suggesting legal discretion as a certain corruption risk.
 The main results of the study: the use of artificial intelligence for the long-term fight against corruption in judicial and investigative activities is possible as a controlled tool in such activities as: creating a service to facilitate the consideration of cases in a special manner; judicial record keeping and judicial statistics; simulation of the crime event; promotion of versions, determination of ways to check them.
 Subject of study: features of the possible use of artificial intelligence systems in order to reduce corruption risks in judicial and investigative activities.
 The purpose of the study: to identify and propose ways to overcome legal discretion and, thereby, ways to reduce the level of corruption based on the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the activities of the investigation and court.
 Research methods and objects: the research is based on the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. Private scientific methods of cognition were used in the following aspects: when considering the concept of artificial intelligence, methods of formal logic were used; the study of the practice of introducing artificial intelligence into investigative and judicial activities was based on the formal legal method. The object of the study is the social relations that are developing in the field of criminal procedure, suggesting legal discretion as a certain corruption risk.
 The main results of the study: the use of artificial intelligence for the long-term fight against corruption in judicial and investigative activities is possible as a controlled tool in such activities as: creating a service to facilitate the consideration of cases in a special manner; judicial record keeping and judicial statistics; simulation of the crime event; promotion of versions, determination of ways to check them.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS IN SCHOOL EDUCATION: HISTORY AND MODERNITY, PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES

The possibilities of using artificial intelligence (AI) systems in school education are considered. An overview of the main stages of AI development is presented, from its appearance and first experiments to modern achievements. Particular attention is paid to the role of AI in individualising learning, developing the necessary skills in students, in the new organisation of the educational process and in the professional development of teachers. It is shown that the use of AI in schools makes it possible to optimise students’ learning and provide access to education without spatial and time restrictions. The prospects for using new technologies, such as ChatGPT and virtual reality, in the educational process are considered. The evolution of ChatGPT in the educational field and the potential of this technology in the future are analysed. At the same time, it is shown that the use of AI systems in schools is associated with certain challenges, including ethical, pedagogical and technical aspects. In summary, this article provides information on how the benefits of AI can be maximised in school education, and also examines the future prospects for the development of AI in the context of school applications.

On the Concept of Artificial Intelligence and the Basics of its Regulation in International and Russian Law

The article covers the study of the issues of the concept of artificial intelligence and certain problematic aspects of the legal regulation of its use. The authors analyze the concept of artificial intelligence in domestic and foreign legislation, foreign and national doctrine. Currently the absence of a single concept of artificial intelligence is caused by both the initial stage of development of the legal regulation of the phenomenon under study, and the lack of its uniform understanding in academic community. The development of a single definition of the concept under study is possible with gaining experience and the regulatory framework in this area. Taking into account the availability and prospects for the creation of various types of intelligent systems, it is proposed to take a differentiated approach to their legal regulation, establishing the appropriate legal regimes. The authors analyze domestic and foreign legislation governing the legal regulation of artificial intelligence and the principles of its use. Among the problematic aspects are the issues of determining artificial intelligence as a legal subject, the peculiarities of liability in case of violation of the rights of parties to civil transactions by activities related to the use of artificial intelligence technologies. The question of whether artificial intelligence is a legal subject is debatable. Currently, in most legal orders, artificial intelligence systems are not recognized as having consciousness (capable of creating and reproducing subjective decisions). However, the practice of applying the norms of intellectual law has led to the recognition in certain jurisdictions of authorship of the artificial intelligence system. The authors conclude that, when determining the limitations of liability in relations linked to the use of artificial intelligence systems, it is necessary to use both existing legal structures, such as mixed liability in case of joint infliction of harm; liability for harm caused by activities that create an increased danger to others; the responsibility of the manufacturer for the quality of goods (services) to the consumer, and the direct fixing in the current civil legislation of special rules that determine the specifics of liability when using artificial intelligence.

A brief outline of the digitalization of medicine

The article proposes an analysis of modern digital tools in the field of public health. The expediency of improving the experimental legal regime in the field of digital innovations is substantiated. The main reasons for the technological breakthrough in the field of digital innovations in medicine are investigated. An assessment is given of possible options for further technological development of the healthcare sector in the direction of “artificial intelligence”. At the same time, specific mechanisms for the legal regulation of technological solutions introduced into practice are proposed. A special place is given to strategic planning documents that determine and justify, from the point of view of law, the course towards the digital transformation of the healthcare sector. Particular attention is paid to the issue of transition to a new proactive model of medical care using artificial intelligence systems. At the same time, the lack of legal regulation of issues of legal liability in the case of the use of artificial intelligence systems and robotics is taken into account.