Use Of Ankaferd Blood Stopper Research Articles

Analysing the blood-stemming effect of Ankaferd Blood Stopper in medulla spinalis surgery

Background/aim The aim of this study was to investigate the possible toxicity of the Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) on the neural system.Materials and methods Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into ABS (n: 15) and control (n: 15) groups. Following the anaesthetic induction, total laminectomy was performed to the lower thoracic, and upper lumbar areas in both groups and medulla spinalis was exposed. Two myelotomies were performed on the medulla spinalis. One millilitre ABS was applied to the incision site in the ABS group, and one millilitre 0.9% saline solution was applied in the control group. Rats were observed for 15 days regarding general behaviour, neurological signs, mobility, and signs of infection. Sixteen days later, all rats were decapitated under anaesthesia. Medulla spinalis was removed en bloc from all rats and was stained with Heamatoxylin & Eosin and luxol fast blue.Results There was no significant difference between the ABS group and the control group regarding oedema, gliosis, the intensity of inflammatory cells, the presence of neuronal degeneration, neuron counts, and myelin degeneration.Conclusion No clinical or histopathological evidence for the neurotoxic effect of the ABS was observed in the present study. Our findings might precipitate the use of ABS on human subjects regarding medulla spinalis surgery.

Successful Treatment of Refractory Gastrointestinal Bleeding by Systemic (Oral) Ankaferd Blood Stopper in a Patient with Glanzmann Thrombasthenia.

Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (GT) is a genetic platelet dysfunction and a life threatening disease. Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) is a topical hemostatic agent of herbal origin which has been recently made available for clinical use. Its hemostatic effect is independent from blood clotting factors and occurs as a result of the aggregation of focal red blood cells by an encapsulated protein web. In this paper, a patient with GT is presented in whom 3 months of gastrointestinal bleeding refractory to all medical therapies was controlled within a short time of using oral ABS. The difference between this patient and other cases presented in the medical literature is the oral use of ABS. Thus, this patient may contribute to the medical community in showing the safety and efficacy of systemic (oral) ABS in patients with disorders of coagulation. However, there is a need for more patient experiences.

Histopathological evaluation of Ankaferd blood stopper use in the rabbit septoplasty model

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the use of Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS), an organic hemostatic agent of plant origin, in septoplasty operations, and to determine its effect on nasal septal tissues in the rabbit model. MethodThe study was performed on 30 New Zealand adult male rabbits each weighing 2500–3500g (average: 3000g). The rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely, the control group (without septoplasty), the septoplasty+tampon group, the septoplasty+ABS group, and the septoplasty+tampon+ABS group. All animals were sacrificed after two weeks, and the nasal septums were total removed using the lateral rhinotomy technique. The specimens were obtained from similar sites of cartilaginous nasal septum. The sections were stained with hematoxylin–eosin and Mason trichrome stains and studied under the light microscope by the same pathologist who evaluated the mucosal ulcerations, the severity of inflammatory cell infiltration, the mucosal thickness, and the cartilage thickness. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis variance analysis and the Mann–Whitney U test. ResultsNo mucosal ulceration or inflammatory cell infiltration was detected in any of the rabbit groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of mucosal thickness and cartilage thickness (p<0.05). The values of mucosal thickness in the groups mentioned above were 147.7±17.6μm, 205.7±36.7μm, 139.6±14.8μm, and 190.2±17.5μm, respectively. The values of cartilage thickness were 398.2±28.9μm, 546.2±35.3μm, 363.7±24.7μm, and 447.8±28.2μm, respectively. There was no significant difference between the control group and the septoplasty+ABS group in terms of mucosal thickness and cartilage thickness (p>0.05). However, there was a significant increase in nasal mucosal and cartilage thickness in tampon-using groups when compared with the other groups (p<0.05). ConclusionAlthough nasal tampons provide the contact of mucoperichondrium with the cartilage, they are generally accepted as a discomfort for patients. Ankaferd blood stopper can be used instead of nasal tampons to increase patient comfort.

The Effectiveness of a New Hemostatic Agent (Ankaferd Blood Stopper) for the Control of Bleeding following Tooth Extraction in Hemophilia: A Controlled Clinical Trial

Objective: To assess the hemostatic efficacy of a new local hemostatic agent, Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS), for the control of bleeding following tooth extraction in hemophiliacs.Materials and Methods: Simple tooth extractions were performed in 27 hemophilia A patients. In the treatment group (n=17) local hemostasis was achieved via application of ABS to the extraction sockets, whereas in the control group (n=10) local hemostasis was achieved via direct packing with gauze.Results: In all, 57 (21 primary and 36 permanent) teeth extractions were performed in 27 hemophilia A patients. There were no significant differences in age or factor VIII level distribution between the 2 groups (p>0.05). The most significant clinical difference between the groups was associated with the use of ABS; those in the treatment group had significantly shorter duration of bleeding (p=0.002). Conclusion: This is the first study to evaluate the efficacy of ABS for the control of bleeding following tooth extraction in hemophiliacs. ABS can be considered an alternative local hemostatic agent for reducing clotting factor concentrates in hemophilia patients.Conflict of interest:None declared.

Histopathological Alterations in the Kidney Tissue Following Topical Ankaferd Hemostat Application in a Rat Renal Injury Model

Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) is a novel topical hemostatic agent. ABS has been approved in Turkey for clinical hemorrhages, when conventional control of bleeding by ligature and/or conventional hemostatic measures is ineffective. ABS has many cellular effects and could modulate numerous hemostatic proteins at tissue and blood. ABS-induced formation of protein network with vital erythroid aggregation covers entire physiological hemostatic process. The aim of this study was to assess histopathological alter- ations due to topical ABS administration at renal tissue level. Thirty-six Wistar rats weighing 70 to 80 gm were included into study. The rats were divided into two groups as the ABS-applied group (ABS−G) and the control group (C−G). The animals in both groups were then again divided into three subgroups of postoperative (Postop.) 60th minutes, Postop. 48th hours, and Postop. 15th day. Therefore, there were six rats in each of subgroups at end of analyses. The standard renal injury sites in rats of ABS−G were applied 2 ml. of topical ABS, whereas 2 ml. of topical saline was applied to renal injury sites of rats in C−G group. We detected significant erythrocyte aggregation and accumulation of siderophages in kidney tissue just after 60 minutes of ABS application persisting over 15 days. Our results indicated red blood cell accumulation and siderophages following use of ABS are compatible with suggested 'mechanism-of-action' of ABS that ABS-induced formation of pro- tein network with vital erythroid aggregation covers entire physiological hemostatic process. Further experimental search is need- ed to find out molecules inside ABS protein library leading to ABS-induced aggregation at renal tissue level.

Efficacy of ankaferd blood stopper application on non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

To prospectively assess the hemostatic efficacy of the endoscopic topical use of ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) in active non-variceal upper gastrointestinal system (GIS) bleeding. Endoscopy was performed on 220 patients under suspiciency of GIS bleeding. Patients with active non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) with a spurting or oozing type were included. Firstly, 8-10 cc of isotonic saline was sprayed to bleeding lesions. Then, 8 cc of ABS was applied on lesions in which bleeding continued after isotonic saline application. The other endoscopic therapeutic methods were applied on the lesions in which the bleeding did not stop after ABS. Twenty-seven patients had an active NVUGIB with a spurting or oozing type and 193 patients were excluded from the study since they did not have non-variceal active bleeding. 8 cc of ABS was sprayed on to the lesions of 26 patients whose bleeding continued after isotonic saline and in 19 of them, bleeding stopped after ABS. Other endoscopic treatment methods were applied to the remaining patients and the bleeding was stopped with these interventions in 6 of 7 patients. ABS is an effective method on NVUGIB, particularly on young patients with no coagulopathy. ABS may be considered as part of a combination treatment with other endoscopic methods.

The Efficacy of Ankaferd Blood Stopper for the Management of Bleeding Following Total Thyroidectomy

ABSTRACTPurpose: Postoperative hematoma remains an uncommon but potentially life-threaten complication of thyroid surgery. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) in comparison to hemostasis by conventional technique (HCT) for the controlling of oozing-type bleeding following total thyroidectomy. Methods: We randomized 61 patients with benign euthyroid multinodular goiter who underwent total thyroidectomy subject to one of the two different hemostasis techniques. There were 31 patients in the HCT group and 30 patients in the ABS group. The study was designed prospectively to compare ABS and HCT groups in terms of operation time, postoperative drainage, duration of postoperative stay, and complications. Results: Mean postoperative drainage from the closed suction drains at first 24 hr were 24.6 ± 8.6 ml and 12.0 ± 9.2 ml (p = .001) and mean total postoperative drainage were 38.5 ± 13.2 ml and 20.6 ± 12.2 ml (p = .001) in the HCT and ABS groups, respectively, indicating statistically significant differences. Conclusions: On the basis of the results of this trial, the use of ABS seems to be more effective than HCT to control hemorrhage following total thyroidectomy.

Successful topical application of Ankaferd Blood Stopper in a patient with life-threatening fundal variceal bleeding despite cyanoacrilate injection

Gastric variceal bleeding is a common problem in patients with cirrhosis and despite early endoscopic and/or pharmacological therapy, variceal bleeding cannot be controlled or recurs early in about 10 to 20% of patients with considerable morbidity and mortality rates. For this reason, effective control of active bleeding varices is of great importance for the prevention of late complications. Although endoscopic band ligation and sclerotherapy are the choice of endoscopic treatment modalities with various grades of success, limited data is available for the use of Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) for the controlling of variceal bleeding due to gastric varices. We herein present a unique case of gastric variceal bleeding despite cyanoacrilate injection, which was successfully controlled with topical ABS application.

The effects of Ankaferd® Blood Stopper on transcription factors in HUVEC and the erythrocyte protein profile.

Ankaferd® Blood Stopper (ABS) is an herbal extract that has historically been used as a hemostatic agent in traditional Turkish medicine. ABS is comprised of a standardized herbal mixture of T. vulgaris, G. glabra, V. vinifera, A. officinarum, and U. dioica. ABS's basic mechanism of action is the formation of an encapsulated protein web, which represents the focal point for vital erythrocyte masses. The hemostatic effects of ABS have been observed in vitro and in vivo. ABS was registered as a hemostatic agent for external hemorrhages and dental bleeding following phase I randomized, double-blind crossover placebo-controlled clinical research, and safety and efficacy reports. In terms of the potential use of ABS, transcription factors may be novel factors that play a role in the hemostatic and other pleiotropic effects of ABS. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of ABS on endothelium, and possible transcription factor changes in HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) and the erythrocyte membrane profile. ABS (5 μL and 50 μL) was administered to HUVEC (in 75 cm2; ~75% fullness) for 5 min and 15 min. ABS caused significant increases in the level of activation of the following transcription factors; AP2, AR, CRE/ATF1, CREB, E2F1-5, E2F6, EGR, GATA, HNF-1, ISRE, Myc-Max, NF-1, NFkB, p53, PPAR, SMAD 2/3, SP1, TRE/AP1, and YY1. Following erythrocyte membrane isolation, protein complexes were undissolved, but denatured. The protein complex formed was resistant to heat and detergent. Trypsin and sonication were used in order to break this complex; the complex dissolved and erythrocyte membrane proteins were released in SDS-PAGE. ABS established a very fast and solid protein web, and increased the level of transcription factor activation. Therefore the cellular effects of ABS could be related to different intracellular biological pathways.

A New Practical Alternative for the Control of Sternal Bleeding during Cardiac Surgery: Ankaferd Blood Stopper

The control of sternal bleeding during cardiac surgery can sometimes be a challenging and time-consuming problem for surgeons. Several alternatives for the control of sternal bleeding are on the market. Bone wax is a well-known alternative used by many cardiac surgeons for the control of bleeding. It is effective and cheap; however, it inhibits ossification of the sternum and can cause infections and sternal wound healing problems after cardiac surgery. Consequently, control of sternal bleeding without the use of bone wax requires meticulous preparation. Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) (Ankaferd Sağlik Ürünleri, Istanbul, Turkey) is a unique folkloric medicinal plant extract that has been used in Turkish traditional medicine as a hemostatic agent. We present a practical alternative technique for the control of sternal bleeding during cardiac surgery with the use of ABS.

Evaluation Of A Haemostatic Agent In Rabbits

Topical hemostatic agents are applied locally to areas of injured vascular endothelium to control local bleeding. Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) has gained approval in Turkey and Bosnia-Herzegovina as a topical haemostatic agent for external post-surgical and post-dental surgery bleeding. The safety of topical use of ABS has been demonstrated in numerous in vitro and in vivo animal models, as well as in a clinical Phase I trial in humans. ABS, besides its haemostatic activity, also has in vitro anti-infectious and anti-neoplastic effects. To assess potential detrimental effects of intravenous administration of ABS into intact systemic circulation in a rabbit experimental model, one milliliter of ABS was administered intravenously into the systemic circulation of twelve rabbits which were included in the study via the marginal ear vein. Animals were observed for 1 hr before euthanasia was performed by administering 40 mg of intracardiac suxamethonium chloride. In the event of death (cardiopulmonary arrest) before the end of the planned observation period of 60 minutes, time of death was recorded and histopathological examination of the liver and spleen was commenced. Ten rabbits were alive by the end of the planned observation period, without showing any clear signs of discomfort, whereas two animals died within five minutes after systemic administration of intravenous ABS. Postmortem histopathological examination of the livers and spleens of all animals' revealed findings consistent with hepatic venous outflow obstruction. Systemic intravascular administration of ABS into intact vascular endothelium should never be performed in any setting. Further experimental and clinical studies on this liquid hemostatic agent should proceed by accepting ABS as purely a topical haemostatic agent, to be applied solely to areas of injured vascular endothelium.

Bleeding due to slippage of elastic band during variceal ligation: successful use of Ankaferd blood stopper

Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) is a hemostatic agent that induces clot formation by a special protein network which mainly causes powerful erythrocyte aggregation. The use of topical ABS as a hemostatic agent has been approved in Turkey for the management of dermal, external post-surgical and post-dental surgery bleeding. ABS has been successfully used in Dieulafoy lesion and bleeding from gastrointestinal neoplasms. We present a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis who developed severe bleeding during an elective endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) session due to immediate band slippage, in whom endoscopic topical application of ABS was associated with cessation of bleeding. The major advantages of ABS appear to be ease of use and lack of side effect.

The use of Ankaferd blood stopper in a patient with Glanzmannʼs thrombasthenia with gingival bleeding

aDepartment of Haematology, School of Medicine, Turkey bDepartment of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey Correspondence to Mehmet Sonmez, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Haematology, Karadeniz Technical University, School of Medicine, Trabzon, 61080, Turkey Tel: +90 462 377 5848; fax: +90 462 328 0704; e-mail: [email protected]

Safety and Efficacy of Ankaferd Blood Stopper in Dental Surgery.

The aim of this study was to assess retrospectively the hemostatic efficacy and safety of the topical use of Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) in the setting of dental surgery. Following the approval from of the Local Research Ethics Committee ABS as a hemostatic agent in Dentistry, ABS was topically applied by homogeneously spraying to the 25 patients during dental inter- ventions. Based on this retrospective evaluation; Tissue healing was evaluated at the 48th hour. The patients received 1 to 5 mL of ABS; the median dose was 2 mL. Bleeding stopped in median 1.8 seconds (1 to 3 seconds) in the first ABS appli- cation in 20 patients. Five patients needed a second dose of ABS; four of them were given 5 mL ABS totally. No patient had wound infection and the healing process appeared to be normal. ABS is useful for the local hemostasis and wound healing in periodontal surgeries.

Endoscopic topical application of Ankaferd Blood Stopper for neoplastic gastrointestinal bleeding: A retrospective analysis

The aim of this study was to retrospectively assess the haemostatic efficacy of the endoscopic topical use of Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) in the setting of neoplastic GI bleeding. The records of 10 patients with neoplastic GI bleeding (7 gastric, 3 rectal) were evaluated retrospectively. Written informed consent regarding the off-label use of ABS as a means of attaining haemostasis had been obtained from all of the patients prior to the procedure. In all patients, ABS was applied topically. Rates of bleeding control and post-procedural complications were documented. Haemostasis was achieved in all patients within seconds of endoscopic application of ABS, with no immediate complications. Seven patients underwent subsequent cancer surgery after a bleeding-free post-procedural period. ABS as a novel haemostatic agent could have a potential benefit in controlling bleeding from GI tumours. Prospective controlled studies are needed to help establish its efficacy, and perhaps offer a comparison to conventional haemostatic interventions.