Use Of Renewable Energy Systems Research Articles

AN EFFICIENT STUDY OF PV/WIND/BATTERY/ELECTROLYZER/H2-TANK/FC FOR A REMOTE AREA ELECTRIFICATION

With the rapid development of the use of renewable energy systems, it is becoming more and more important to combine different sources into hybrid renewable energy systems. Many parameters in hybrid renewable energy systems must be optimized to effectively size hybrid system components to achieve economic, technical, and design goals practically. This paper focuses on the optimal configuration of off-grid hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES). The system consists of a photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT) and battery bank (BB), fuel cell (FC) with hydrogen tank (H2-tank), and electrolyzer (Elect). The optimal size of the proposed HRES component is achieved using a novel meta-heuristic technique called the whale optimization algorithm (WOA). WOA improves the optimal configuration of HRES to produce the best minimum value of the fitness function, which converges to the global optimal solution after several iterations. The proposed WOA is used to solve the multi-objective optimization problem of the cost of energy (COE) in $/kWh and the total net present cost (TNPC) in $. Two recent algorithms, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and gray wolf optimizer (GWO), have also been implemented in this work to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Improving Grid Reliability in Jordan: A Proposal for Integrated Demand Side Management and Energy Storage Solutions

<p align="left">Increased use of Renewable energy systems (RES) in Jordan has posed a major challenge in maintaining our grid stability. Jordan a country that relies on imported natural resources to power up its grid is using more and more RES with an aim to cut back on costs and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. This paper investigates the usage of Demand Side Management (DSM) and Energy Storage Systems (ESS) to improve the grid’s reliability. A survey was conducted to analyze the opinion and acceptance of the Jordanian population on the implementation of DSM in Jordan. (ESS) mentioned in detail in this paper are: Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems (CAES), Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Systems(SMES), and Pumped Hydro Energy Storage Systems(PHES). The survey conducted showed a general scope of willingness of participation from people with 71.7% out of the 385 individuals who participated in the survey saying that they will participate in such a program if implemented in Jordan.</p>

Study on quantitative estimation method of energy saving and emission reduction of renewable energy system based on fuzzy matter-element method

The quantitative estimation method of energy saving and emission reduction of renewable energy system based on fuzzy matter-element method is studied, which provides reliable basis for the popularization and use of renewable energy system in practical work. Through quantitative estimation, a scientific evaluation index system and evaluation model can be established, transforming abstract and subjective concepts of energy conservation and emission reduction into concrete and objective numerical indicators. These indicators can reflect the energy-saving and emission reduction effects of renewable energy systems, making the evaluation results scientific, comparable, and traceable. The quantitative estimation index system of energy saving and emission reduction of renewable energy system and the index judgment standard are constructed, which are mainly composed of resource utilization, energy consumption and environmental pollution. On this basis, the fuzzy matter-element quantitative estimation model of energy saving and emission reduction of renewable energy system is established based on fuzzy matter-element and entropy weight theory, and the weight of energy saving and emission reduction index of renewable energy system is determined based on information entropy, and the energy saving and emission reduction effect of renewable energy system is comprehensively and quantitatively estimated with closeness as a reliable basis and reference. The experimental results show that this method can quantitatively evaluate the energy-saving and emission reduction effects of renewable energy systems, and it is feasible to comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the energy-saving and emission reduction effects of renewable energy systems, with a maximum emission reduction of 99%. It can provide reliable reference for the energy-saving and emission reduction of renewable energy systems.

A Deep Learning Based Enhancing the Power by Reducing the Harmonics in Grid Connected Inverters

The increasing use of renewable energy systems has led to a rise in the number of grid-connected inverters, which can have a detrimental effect on the superiority and constancy of grid electricity due to the injected current harmonics. In this study, the proportional integral (PI) and proportional resonant (PR) controllers have been investigated for their effectiveness in reducing harmonics in grid-connected inverters. The study also investigates the impact of harmonics compensators (HC) on the control strategies. The results of the study suggest that the implementation of PI and PR controllers in the synchronous frame can effectively reduce the injected current harmonics in grid-connected inverters. The use of harmonics compensators can further enhance the performance of the controllers by reducing the distortion and improving the stability of the grid. The efficiency of the regulator strategies be contingent on the type and level of harmonics in the grid, as well as the design and tuning of the controllers and compensators. The statement that the “PR+HC controller has a superior quality output current” is more specific and suggests that this control method may be more effective than the others in reducing harmonics and enlightening the value of the productivity current. The comparison of the IEEE 1547 standard by three viable inverters from diverse constructors is also noteworthy, as it can provide insights into the compatibility and performance of different types of inverters with the standard. The use of deep learning with the RCNN network for analyzing harmonics and providing information about power is an interesting application of machine learning in power systems research. This approach may have the probable to development the accuracy and competence of harmonics analysis as well as power monitoring in grid-connected inverters. Overall, the study highlights the importance of effective control strategies for managing harmonics in grid-connected inverters, particularly in the context of the increasing usage of renewable energy systems. The findings of the study can inform the development of more efficient and reliable grid-connected inverters, which are essential for the incorporation of renewable energy systems into the power grid.

Conceptual Basis for a Sustainable and Fire Resilient Built Environment

AbstractFire has the potential to create significant impacts on the built environment. Managing this impact is sometimes pursued without consideration of the interface between the natural and technological worlds. However, as society has recognized the impacts of technological development on environmental sustainability, the need for sustainable and resilient development has emerged. To facilitate sustainable and resilient development, technological choices should embrace a sociotechnical systems approach that considers the interactions of society, technology and institutions, and their interactions with the environment. Failure to do so can result in unintended consequences. Society’s technological choices aimed at increasing sustainability of buildings, such as the desire to reduce building carbon footprints or improve the use of renewable energy systems, can have significant impacts on fire resilience if not considered holistically. To better understand and comprehensively address and mitigate intolerable fire risk associated with choices driven by sustainability objectives, a balanced and holistic systems approach is needed. To this end, a framework to foster a systems-oriented approach to improving both sustainability and fire resilience, in tandem, to create a Sustainable and Fire Resilient Built Environment (SAFR-BE) is presented.

Utilization of Distinct HVAC Operation Modes to Improve Demand Response Flexibility in the Pharmaceutical Industry and Economic Analysis for Optimization by HOMER Software

Abstract In the pharmaceutical industry (PMI), the major portion of energy is consumed in heat ventilation air conditioning (HVAC) system; therefore, building energy management systems (BEMS) primarily focus on optimizing the energy consumption in HVAC systems. The two operation modes of HVAC, function mode (FM) and non-function mode (NFM), are descriptively explained with their role in improving the flexibility of demanded energy. Both modes are also exposed to hybrid optimization of multiple electric renewables (HOMER) software analysis from an economic perspective. Concerning net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) constraints, the FM/NFM of HVAC is preferable to the FM. This paper recognizes a comparative evaluation of several demand response (DR) alliances to deliver a comprehensive image of the suitability of DR alliances for different PMIs. Further, the paper also explores an innovative concept in the form of a control algorithm and discusses the relevant challenges and future opportunities. Moreover, the use of renewable energy systems (RESs) for enhancing energy management (EM) flexibility with the economy in the PMI or other industries is emphasized through DR alliances. This review study could be helpful to the PMI in terms of managing energy demand and also incorporating DR as an essential aspect of EM.

Kamu Binalarında (Hastaneler) Yenilenebilir Enerji Kullanımı: Enerji ile Başa Çıkmak İçin Bir Adım

The issue of renewable energy and the need of humans to use it has been the subject of discussion and research by many investigators. In all medical centers, providing a suitable environment for general treatment is considered a fundamental goal but in specific diseases that require organ transplantation, the planning of its environment is very important, since this type of treatment requires a specific environment with careful planning, along with a perfectly systematic design. Therefore, it should be a pure and clean building, located in an environment free from any pollution, including pollution that caused by the energy consumption of the building. With regard to the scarcity of fossil fuels, it should be remembered that hospitals have the highest energy consumption among public buildings due to their cyclical. In this regard the need to free user buildings from renewable energy may not seem urgent. However, the needs of the buildings and a clean environment may also require the switch to clean energy. This study aims to investigate and explore the innovative use of renewable energy systems by accessing books and scientific websites to discover the required energies for these types of building. The building itself can open new ways to meet its own energy needs through the use of modern technology. In this regard, with the help of the example models presented, the aim is to use renewable energy sources in public buildings and especially in hospitals in the near future, so that these buildings can provide their energy needs in a healthy and economical way and the treatments of people can be carried out in a clean and healthy environment.

Operating the Induction Motor as a Generator Mode by Supplying DC Voltage and Investigation of the End Voltage Depending on the Excitation Current and RPM

Asynchronous or induction machines are among the leading devices in the electrical industry. They are well suited for motor and production applications with power ratings from a few kilowatts to megawatts. In addition, their use in renewable energy systems, especially in wind conversion systems, is increasing daily due to their advantages, such as low cost, brushless, and robust structure. In this work, the operation of a three-phase asynchronous motor with a winding rotor as an alternator, the variation of the voltage produced depending on the excitation current by keeping the number of revolutions constant, and the interpretation of the voltage produced according to the number of revolutions by keeping the excitation current constant have been investigated. The variation of the terminal voltage in ohmic, inductive, and capacitive loads has been experimentally investigated by observing the source voltage providing the rotational speed and excitation current constant.

A Novel Power Measurement Method Using Lock-In Amplifiers with a Frequency-Locked Loop

The extensive use of renewable energy systems with grid-connected inverters (GCIs) causes harmonic injection. Similarly, the imbalance in energy demand and supply causes frequency fluctuations. As a result of the increased harmonics and frequency fluctuations, the accuracy of power measurement using conventional methods continues to decline. Precision in power measurement is an essential factor for the billing and management of power supply and demand. Moreover, it is challenging to build a supply plan for the power demand and to manage the billing for the power consumption. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a novel method based on Lock-in Amplifier (LIA) and Lock-in Amplifier Frequency-Locked Loop (LIA-FLL) to measure the power with high precision and accuracy. The proposed method first tracks the variations in the input signal frequency using LIA-FLL and generates the updated reference signals for LIA. After that, the LIA is used to extract the accurate amplitude of each frequency component. The proposed method results in accurate and precise measurement, even with harmonics and frequency fluctuations. The validity of the proposed method is verified by comparing the power measurement results with the classical method, FFT, and ZERA COM3003 (a commercially available power measurement reference instrument).

Modelling and complementary analysis of a small hybrid hydro-photovoltaic power system

Renewable energy sources, especially solar power combined with pumped hydro storage generation (PHSG), have emerged as a remedy to conventional power generation, providing important opportunities for the safe operation of electricity. However, renewable energy is intermittent and random due to unreliable solar radiation. In view of these considerations, this paper focuses on the flexible complementary regulation of the PHSG responding to the fluctuation of solar power generation. To implement the analysis, a mathematical model of the small hybrid hydro-photovoltaic power system is established. Based on the established model, the complementary characteristic between these two renewable energies is simulated at the second scale. The results show that the PHSG has the ability to respond to the disturbance of solar power due to the flexible transition between generator mode and pump mode. The implemented model and obtained conclusions help promote the efficient use of renewable energy systems and reduce power failure accidents.

Analysis of grid/solar photovoltaic power generation for improved village energy supply: A case of Ikose in Oyo State Nigeria

Energy crisis is one of the major challenges confronting African countries. Nigeria is one of the countries having a high energy deficit in Africa with rural areas being at the receiving end. Hence, people in several locations of the country depend largely on fossil fuels for their energy generation due to the energy supply problem being experienced in the country. Fossil fuel-based energy generation is highly environmentally-unfriendly hence, the use of renewable energy system is adopted as a viable alternative to solve the energy crisis. This work first reviews the energy status in rural Nigeria to describe the situation and the available energy resources. Three different energy scenarios – Grid only, PV only and the PV-Grid configurations were designed and simulated using the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) tool for a village in Oyo state, Nigeria. The design of the energy systems is based on technical and economic analyses, which provide the opportunity to compare the performances of the different scenarios. The study uses the monthly grid purchase (MGP), excess electrical production (EEP), and unmet electric load (UEL), net present cost (NPC), Levelized cost of energy (LCOE), annual operating cost (OC) and the salvage value (SV) for the comparison. The simulation results demonstrated that the PV-Grid system is best option for the village with the highest MGP, EEP, and UEL of about 34, 24, and 0.7 kW, respectively. The corresponding economic implications for the PV-grid configuration are NPC, LCOE, OC, and SV values of 73388.77, 0.1904, 1957.64, and 2,173.55 USD. The sensitivity analysis result revealed that the grid only and PV-grid are not as affected by a change in temperature compared to the PV only whose energy production, and EEP values decrease with an increase in temperature and the UEL parameter increases with an increase in the surrounding temperature.

Optimal sizing of hybrid renewable energy systems for reliability enhancement and cost minimization using multiobjective technique in microgrids

AbstractMicrogrids can meet their electrical energy needs through the use of renewable energy systems and energy storage. Combining hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) with a battery energy storage system (BESS) is the best way to increase the systems reliability while still satisfying load demand. Suitable sizing of microgrid with optimal power allocations of HRES and BESS in terms of capacity and discharge leads to improved reliability. Cost and reliability are two important aspects of microgrid system functioning. While designing the system with HRES and BESS, there must be an appropriate balance between cost and reliability. This paper presents an algorithm for optimal design of HRES with BESS for optimizing levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and power supply reliability factor (PSRF) Particle swarm optimization and epsilon constraint based multi‐objective PSO algorithms are used to solve the objectives considering 24 hours time horizon. A hybrid Wind‐PV system with Diesel Generator and BESS is considered for the study. In this work, 12 trails of simulation runs are made to obtain accurate values of average levelized cost of electricity and power supply reliability factor along with the optimal power allocations of DGs and BESS. According to the findings, sizing of HRES with BESS optimally lowers the LCOE by reducing the quantity of power drawn from the grid and improves PSRF. ε‐MPSO provides the optimal results in minimizing the LCOE by obtaining proper energy management between HRES and BESS with improved reliability.

Toward a Hydrogen Economy: Development of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Chemical Hydrogen Storage and Release Reactions

Chemical hydrogen storage and release processes are essential steps for the implementation of new energy vectors. In general, the individual reactions involved in such technologies need catalysts to allow discharging and recharging hydrogen in a stable and efficient manner. In recent years, the development of hydrogen storage materials and their use in renewable energy systems have experienced rapid growth. While many academic works in this area make use of homogeneous catalysts, there is the practical need for heterogeneous catalytic systems, which often can be more easily applied on a larger industrial scale. In this Review we highlight the present status of using heterogeneous materials as catalysts for both chemical hydrogen storage and release systems, providing detailed reaction parameters for practical demonstration. The pros and cons of the currently known systems and their differences relative to homogeneous catalysts are also explained and critically discussed.

2030 YILI ISPARTA İLİ ELEKTRİK SİSTEMİNDE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ SENARYOSU

In recent years, many challenges have emerged globally, such as climate change, energy supply security, and air pollution. The biggest reason for these problems is increased energy demand and the dependence on fossil fuels for energy. Increasing concerns about the adverse effects of fossil fuels have led to increased investments in renewable energy sources for electricity generation. While the transition to 100% renewable energy systems continues, there are also concerns about sustainability, cost and storage areas. In this study, energy planning for 2030 for the province of Isparta was carried out using the EnergyPLAN program. In the energy scenario of 2030, biomass was used to ensure sustainability by accepting the energy balance. A methodology for technical and economic modeling of 100% renewable energy systems in 2030 was presented. The results showed that the CO2 emission amount, 0.231 Mt in 2020, decreased to 0.096 Mt by 2030 year. It has been seen that the adverse effects of fossil fuels can be eliminated with the increase in the use of renewable energy systems. As a result of the study, it has been shown that the transition to 100% renewable energy systems for the year 2030 in Isparta province can be realized theoretically.

Fire-Extinguishing Microcapsule Composite Separator for Chemical Safety Management in Lithium-Ion Battery System

With recent rapid technological developments, the use of fossil fuels has drastically increased, posing environmental concerns such as global warming and air quality deterioration due to the presence of particulate matter such as fine dust. Renewable energies, such as solar energy and wind energy, have been considered as promising alternatives to reduce the use of fossil fuels. However, the energy generated by renewable energy sources varies significantly and is dispersed because of its strong dependence on environmental conditions. Therefore, energy storage systems (ESSs) should be installed for the stable use of renewable energy systems and stable delivery in response to consumer demand.Among the many batteries used in ESSs, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been used widely as a power source because of their relatively high voltage (~4.7 V vs Li) and high energy density (650 W h kg−1). Long-term reliability is necessary to utilize LIBs in ESSs; however, many drawbacks associated with the long-term use of LIBs have been reported recently in ESSs employing LIBs. Although the performance of LIBs is gradually improving, safety issues such as fire and explosion remain a major issue and disturbed the development of LIBs. In this study, we manufactured Fire-extinguishing Microcapsule (FEMC) containing extinguishing substances for the safety of the battery. Encapsulation of the extinguishing material inside a stable polymer shell prevented the extinguishing material from reacting directly with the electrolyte in the battery. The direct reaction of the extinguishing material with the electrolyte negatively affects the battery performance and causes a short circuit in the battery. When thermal runaway occurs in the battery, the outer shell material melts and the internal fire extinguishing material is released, effectively preventing fire and explosion of the battery.The FEMC was encapsulated by using solvent evaporation technique. To confirm FEMC’s extinguishing effects self-extinguishing time (SET) was measured, and we observed FEMC’s physical properties such as encapsulation, size by using characterization techniques (FE-SEM, TEM, TGA, etc). As a result, the size of the FEMC was evenly distributed about 2 μm to 5 μm, and the surface was generally smooth. In addition, extinguishing material was largely located in the middle of the interior, and the core-shell structure in which stable polymer shell was wrapped around a very thin wall was confirmed. The fire extinguishing effect by FEMC was confirmed in the electrolyte, and as a result, the bare electrolyte without a fire extinguishing additive was extinguished in about 115 sec. On the other hand, when FEMC containing extinguishing material was conducted SET test, it was confirmed that the combustion time decreased by about 12 sec. Compared with bare electrolyte, the combustion time was reduced by about 84.4%. Through this, it was confirmed that the FEMC had an excellent effect in extinguishing the fire in the electrolyte.

Improvement of the Electrical Regulation of a Microhydropower System using a Water Management Tool

The constant growth of the population and the increase in the need for resources create challenges, and it is necessary to seek more sustainable solutions to manage them more adequately and efficiently. In recent years, the use of renewable energy systems has increased, in which water distribution networks are no exception. Pumps operating as turbines (PATs) are an innovative solution with enormous potential to achieve these sustainable development goals. As a means of improving sustainability, in this research, an optimized regulation tool is developed to maximize the recovered energy in the system using PATs in water distribution networks (WDNs). This is possible due to the use of empirical methods for the estimation of the characteristic curves. The tool was developed in Simulink MATLAB, in which the optimization and iterative steps were carried out. It is based on the intended methodology and applied to a real case study. When implementing the tool, the results given are the hydraulic–electrical regulation strategies, where the number of machines working, the frequency inverter setpoint, and the degree of opening of the pressure-reducing valves (PRV) is defined for any given time. After the analysis in the case study, the tool recovered 28% of the supplied energy in the system. This daily recovered energy was above 7160 kWh, and it contributed to an increase in efficiency and sustainability.

Improving dynamic response of PEMFC using SMES and bidirectional DC/DC converter

Nowadays, the use of renewable energy systems, especially fuel cells, has become very widespread in various applications. Some of their most important applications include using electric vehicles and local off-grid power systems. One of the challenges with the fuel cells is the slow dynamic response to load power changes. In fact, when the load power changes suddenly, the fuel cell supplies it with a time delay, and this can cause disturbances in the performance of the loads. In this research, a new control method for a bidirectional DC/DC converter equipped with a superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES) is presented to exchange the stored energy with the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) in a high response dynamic to overcome the slow dynamic of the fuel cell feeding load. The appropriate validation of the proposed system is verified by simulation in the MATLAB SIMULINK environment. The results illustrate that the slow-response of PEMFC is improved appropriately.

Prediction of building power consumption using transfer learning-based reference building and simulation dataset

With the advancements in data processing technologies and the increased use of renewable energy systems, the development of microgrid has gained attention. Consequently, a method for machine learning studies has increased for rational building power consumption. Extensive historical data of building power consumption are required for a high accuracy prediction; however, in practice, it is difficult to gather such data from existing or new buildings. Therefore, this study proposed a method for using transfer learning based on the simulation dataset of a reference building. The transfer learning long short-term memory (TL-LSTM) model developed in this study trained only on 24 h of office building power consumption data and predicted after 24 h. The accuracy of TL-LSTM was evaluated using various simulation and experimental data, and the factors affecting the performance of TL-LSTM (the number of training data and climate zone) were analyzed. Consequently, compared to the long short-term memory (LSTM) model, the TL-LSTM model demonstrated a higher accuracy with an average coefficient of variation of the root mean square error (CVRMSE) of 4.25% and mean bias error (MBE) of 1.70%. Furthermore, the prediction for the next 24 h was possible when at least 22 training data points were gathered. Finally, when the climate zone was the same for the target and source datasets, high accuracy was demonstrated even if the location of each building was different. Additionally, the source dataset could be replaced with a simulation dataset.

Investigation on Optimal Electric Energy Storage Capacity to Maximize Self-Consumption of Photovoltaic System

Abstract Battery systems are critical factors in the effective use of renewable energy systems because the self-production of electricity by renewables for self-consumption has become profitable for building applications. This study investigates the appropriate capacity of the battery energy storage system (BESS) installed in all-electric zero-energy powerhouses (AEZEPHs). The AEZEPH used for this study is a highly energy-efficient house. Its criteria indicate that all the electrical energy within the home is covered based on the generated electricity from onsite renewable energy systems, including that the annual net site energy use is almost equal to zero. The experiment for measured data of electricity consumed and generated in the buildings is conducted for a year (i.e., January through December 2014). Based on the measured data, patterns of the electricity consumed by the AEZEPH and generated by an onsite renewable energy system (i.e., photovoltaic (PV) system) and BESS's appropriate capacity are then analyzed and evaluated using the electric energy storage (EES) analysis tool, named Poly-sun. This study indicates that self-consumption can be increased up to 66% when the ESS system is installed and used during operating hours of the PV system. The amount of received electricity during the week tends to be reduced by about two times.

Renewable energy policy around the globe

Renewable energy systems (RESs) have an inherent quality of achieving independence Vis a Vis useful energy harnessing for self or localized use. At larger scale the renewable energy system allows the power generation and distribution without a significant harm to the environment. Propagation and proliferation of RESs and the Renewable Energy Technology (RET), collectively demand an effective policy making infrastructure to be in place to ensure their penetration locally and globally. Renewable Energy Policies have a great impact on how readily these systems are adopted by the investors and market, how efficient these systems are which is dependent on the research and development (R&D) of RESs, how effectively the country or region copes with the scourge of environmental harm with the use of RESs. Renewable Energy Policies also have an impact on how costly these technologies are and how these technologies fiscally benefit common man, investors and industries. Efficiency enhancement, stability and intelligent management of grids integrated with RES are also renewable policy dependent. This paper thoroughly and critically examines the importance of renewable energy policy. not just at domestic or national level but also at global level. It discusses in detail the core ingredients of renewable energy policy which were adopted in the past, which are being adopted now and which should be adopted in future. This paper also discusses policy, business and financial models; importance of tariff formulation, incentives and subsidies and a few factors which may pose a risk to the development and adoption of RESs. At the end a few suggestions have also been made which, if adopted, would help promote the RESs proliferation across the globe at a rapid pace and would ensure energy security, sustainable development and environmental conservation.