Use Of Piezoelectric Device Research Articles

Janus TiSi Z 3H ( Z= N, P, As) monolayers with large out-of-plane piezoelectricity and high electron mobility: first-principles study

In this paper, we propose a series of novel two-dimensional Janus structures TiSiZ 3H ( Z= N, P, As) and investigate their electronic, mechanical, piezoelectric, and transport properties using the density functional theory. The examined results demonstrated that Janus TiSiZ 3H monolayers are structurally stable. At the ground state, TiSiN3H, TiSiP3H, and TiSiAs3H monolayers are all semiconductors with indirect bandgaps of 2.98, 1.06, 1.0 eV at the hybrid-functional level, respectively. The absence of vertical mirror symmetry in TiSiZ 3H results in the occurrence of both in-plane and out-of-plane piezoelectricity. Interestingly, TiSiAs3H monolayer exhibits large out-of-plane piezoelectric response with coefficient d 31 up to −0.45 pm V−1, that is appropriate for use in piezoelectric devices. The calculated results demonstrate that the carrier mobility in Janus TiSiZ 3H monolayers is high and directional anisotropic. Particularly, electron mobility in TiSiP3H monolayer is observed up to 772.31 cm2 V−1 s−1. Our results not only suggest and confirm some fundamental physical characteristics of new materials but also lay important premises for experimental studies as well as their application prospects in the future.

Lateral Window Maxillary Sinus Augmentation – Complications and Management

Introduction: The sinus lift procedure is the most predictable surgical intervention for enhancing bone quality and quantity in the posterior maxilla prior to the placement of endosseous dental implants. However, despite careful planning and precise surgical technique, several complications can arise. These include - haemorrhage, membrane perforation, infection, wound dehiscence, post operative pain, implant failure/ loss, graft loss, hematoma, barrier membrane exposure, oroantral fistula and sinusitis. Aim: The purpose of this report was to address the most common complications associated with the sinus lift procedure and discuss how to avoid and manage them when they occur. Methodology: A total of 140 articles from peer reviewed journals published in English from January 1986 to January 2023 were collected from a search performed using MEDLINE and PubMed. The keywords utilized were “dental implant”, “sinus augmentation”, “sinus complication”, “membrane perforation”, “bleeding – sinus augmentation”. Twenty-nine of the 140 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria and were utilized in this article. Results: Sinus membrane perforation is the most prevalent complication of maxillary sinus augmentation procedures, ranging from 11-60%. An incidence of 28% perforation rate is found. Bleeding was reported with an incidence of 2% of the sinus procedures performed. The use of piezoelectric devices as well as other measures play an important role in ensuring the stopping of bleeding. Conclusion: Proper planning and management of these complications will minimize the negative effects on therapy and allow for a successful implant result when placed in augmented maxillary sinuses.

High-power energy harvesting and imperceptible pulse sensing through peapod-inspired hierarchically designed piezoelectric nanofibers

High-performance energy harvesting for human-sensing applications has been achieved through recent progress in piezoelectric-based wearable devices. Piezoelectric nanomaterials can be leveraged for flexibility and biocompatibility while also enhancing piezoelectricity. However, such nanomaterials exhibit low piezoelectricity, limits the industrial-scale development of highly efficient piezoelectric devices. Hence, design of novel materials to significantly enhance piezoelectricity is necessitated. Herein, we demonstrate that a peapod-inspired design in which ZnSnO3 anchored on surface-modified carbon nanotubes (CNT) allows significant enhancement of the piezoelectricity produced by poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene)-based (P(VDF-TrFE)-based) nanofibers (a piezoelectric material). The piezoelectric properties were exploited for the application of the as-prepared nanofibers (NFs) in flexible NFs in energy-harvesting and pulse-sensing systems, which demonstrated high output power ((97.5 V and 1.16 μA) as well as imperceptible pulse detection even in posterior tibial arteries. This work provides the scientific and engineering framework for delivering ZnSnO3-surface-modified CNT-P(VDF-TrFE) NFs excellent piezoelectric performance for use in piezoelectric devices.

Complications in sinus lifting procedures: Classification and management.

Open and closed sinus lifting procedures are predictable methods to augment the bone needed for appropriate implant placement in the posterior maxilla in cases where available bone is limited. However, these techniques may give rise to complications and associated comorbidities. In the case of open sinus lifting, perforation of the Schneiderian membrane during osteotomy is the most common complication, with an incidence rate of around 20%-25%. Apart from those complications associated with oral surgery in general (such as swelling or hematoma), there are specific complications of open sinus lifting procedures that may arise less frequently (chronic rhinosinusitis, hemorrhage, or ostium blockage by overfilling) but which may nevertheless compromise the viability of the graft and/or the implants and cause substantial discomfort to the patient. Closed sinus lifting is a less invasive approach that allows transcrestal placement of the implants in cases where there is sufficient residual bone height. However, it may also be associated with specific complications, including membrane perforation, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, and implant displacement to the sinus cavity. New technologies have been proposed to reduce these complications and comorbidities associated with conventional sinus lifting procedures, such as the use of piezoelectric devices and hydraulic sinus lift or reamer burs. The evidence supporting their effectiveness and safety, however, is still lacking. A detailed medical history together with a thorough radiographic and clinical examination are essential prior to any kind of bone regenerative augmentation involving the maxillary sinus. Moreover, it is recommended to employ the most appropriate surgical technique for the specific characteristics of the case and, at the same time, accommodating the experience and skills of the surgeon.

Inferior alveolar nerve lateralization with simultaneous implant placement: A case report and review of literature comparing three different techniques

Implant placement is a challenge in atrophic posterior mandibular region. Inferior alveolar nerve lateralization (IANL) is a preferred procedure in such cases as it allows longer implant placement. Neurosensory deficit is the most common postoperative complication of this procedure. There are various strategies, which reduce the potential nerve damage involved in IANL. The use of piezoelectric device over rotary device minimizes accidental injury to neurovascular bundle. The repositioning of nerve after implant placement involves a technique of barrier placement between the IANL and the implant in the form of collagen membrane or bone graft. This case report aims to describe IANL technique using piezoelectric device with simultaneous dental implant placement and bone graft as barrier for posterior rehabilitation of an atrophic mandible. This article also compares the three different techniques of nerve repositioning and barrier placement.

Analysis of the Complications in Patients Undergoing Orthognathic Surgery by Piezosurgery®: A 13 Years Retrospective Study

Orthognathic surgery is a branch of maxillo-facial surgery increasingly in demand, which deals with the correction of skeletal deformities. The aim of the present study is to identify the most common post-operative complications following orthognathic bimaxillary surgery performed by means of Piezosurgery®. Furthermore, through an examination of the available scientific literature, we wanted to establish whether the frequency of postoperative complications were consistent with those already reported. A retrospective study on 58 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery with a bilateral sagittal osteotomy (BSSO) of the mandibular bone branch, maxillary surgery with Le Fort I mono-segmented or multi-segmented approach, and genioplasty technique using Piezosurgery®. The complications taken into consideration were disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), paraesthesia and hypoesthesia, asymmetries, nose enlargement, nasal septum deviation, nasal obstruction, dental discolorations, pulpal necrosis, occlusion and masticatory efficiency, gingival recession, periodontal problems, dysgeusia, nausea and vomiting, weeping alterations, hearing problems, delayed healing, superinfection, removal of synthesis means, reoperation, cicatricial outcome, and bilateral pneumothorax. It has been highlighted that a number and type of postoperative complications matched those reported by the most recent literature reviews. Temporomandibular disorders and paraesthesia were the most common ones. The only complication rate that differed from the literature was nerve damage, which was significantly lower. Post-surgical complications depend on the used surgical techniques, clinical work, and treatment methods. The use of piezoelectric devices in orthognathic surgery operations provides an innovative, safe, and effective technique compared to traditional methods.

Detection of dentinal cracks after use of piezoelectric device and surgical bur during root-end resection: An ex vivo comparative study

Introduction: The piezoelectric device was implemented successfully in many oral and maxillofacial surgeries. However, in endodontic surgery, it is not widely used due to lack of scientific support. Thus, the aim of the conducted study was to compare the formation of the cracks of roots resected with piezoelectric surgery versus high-speed surgical bur using scanning electron microscopy. Materials and Methods: Sixty single-rooted human teeth were accessed followed by canal preparation with rotary files and filled with gutta-percha. The teeth were mounted on plastic cylindrical test tubes and emerged within the impression material to simulate periodontal ligament. Consequently, the teeth were divided into three groups: the control group (n = 10), piezoelectric group (n = 25), and the surgical bur group (n = 25). The surface of the resected root was examined under scanning electron microscopy for cracks detection. The one-way analysis of variance test was used to investigate the number and types of cracks at a significance level of 95%. Results: Dentinal cracks were detected in all groups. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the number of cracks between the three groups, but they differed in terms of crack type. Conclusions: All tested groups produce cracks on resected root surface, whereas the piezoelectric presented with satisfactory result.

Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Solutions: A Review.

The goal of this paper is to review current methods of energy harvesting, while focusing on piezoelectric energy harvesting. The piezoelectric energy harvesting technique is based on the materials’ property of generating an electric field when a mechanical force is applied. This phenomenon is known as the direct piezoelectric effect. Piezoelectric transducers can be of different shapes and materials, making them suitable for a multitude of applications. To optimize the use of piezoelectric devices in applications, a model is needed to observe the behavior in the time and frequency domain. In addition to different aspects of piezoelectric modeling, this paper also presents several circuits used to maximize the energy harvested.

A Comparison between Piezoelectric Devices and Conventional Rotary Instruments in Bone Harvesting in Patients with Lip and Palate Cleft: A Retrospective Study with Clinical, Radiographical, and Histological Evaluation.

Introduction Orofacial clefts are congenital malformations characterized by an incomplete shaping of structures that separate the nasal from the oral cavity and can affect the right, left, or both sides. The aim of the present study is to assess, with clinical, radiographical, and histological evaluations, the efficacy of piezoelectric devices compared to traditional rotating instruments in the bone harvesting in patients with history of cleft. Materials and Methods We have conducted a retrospective analysis on 20 patients with a history of orofacial clefts that were operated on from February 2014 to June 2017. The patients were divided into two groups: Group R in which bone graft was harvested using a burr and Group P in which the bone graft was obtained by a piezoelectric device. After a healing period of 8 months from the grafting procedure, clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed. Results and Discussion The use of the piezoelectric devices in bone harvesting allows a slight improvement in the final volume. This supports a faster integration into the receiving site. Conclusions The use of piezoelectric device in patients with history of orofacial cleft that needed bone graft represents a method to be taken into consideration because it has interesting advantages.

Understanding the piezoelectric properties in potassium-sodium niobate-based lead-free piezoceramics: Interrelationship between intrinsic and extrinsic factors

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) based ceramics are currently enjoying a wide use in piezoelectric devices despite lead toxicity. Due to growing environmental concerns, the attention on piezoelectric ceramics has been moving to lead-free materials, in particular to (K,Na)NbO3-based ceramics. Here we report a systematic evaluation of the effects of the compositional modifications on [(K0.44Na0.52Li0.04)[(Nb0.86Ta0.10Sb0.04)1-xZr5x/4]O3 lead–free piezoceramics. We show that an interrelationship between the intrinsic and extrinsic factors is the linchpin for the development of good piezoelectric properties. Hence, the stabilization of the tetragonal symmetry on the orthorhombic-tetragonal polymorphic phase boundary facilities the poling process of the system, thereby enhancing the piezoelectric response. Additionally, the microstructure appears to be related to the piezoelectric properties; i.e., the improved piezoelectric properties correlate to the increase in grain size. The results of this work could help to understand the origin of piezoelectricity in potassium–sodium niobate-based ceramics.

Surgical management of ankyloses of the temporomandibular joint by a piezoelectric device

IntroductionPiezosurgery is commonly used in different field of craniomaxillofacial surgery; since its introduction it has become one of the widely adopted technique for performing osteotomies in orthognathic surgery, distraction osteogenesis and dentoalveolar surgery. Little has been written regarding ultrasonic system for temporomandibular joint surgery (TMJ). In this prospective study we describe the use of piezoelectric device for ankylosis of the TMJ. Materials and methodsWe enrolled in this study 19 patients, 10 males and 9 females, mean (SD) age 24.6 (7.6) years, affected by unilateral ankylosis of TMJ who were surgically managed between January 2009 and December 2014 by interpositional arthroplasty with temporomyofascial muscle flap. We adopted in all cases a preauricular approach with temporal extension. The ankylotic block was removed with piezoelectric device in 9 patients and using traditional rotary bur in 10 cases. We investigated and compared the following parameters as surgical outcomes: intraoperative bleeding, duration of operation, incidence of infection, postoperative swelling and hematoma, mouth opening, nerve impairment and rate of recurrence. ResultsWe noticed a substantial reduction in bleeding with the piezoelectric bone cutter when compared to traditional mechanical surgery (103 ml versus 117 ml; p < 0.05); however, we did not report any severe bleeding from the pterygoid plexus or maxillary artery. Operating time was longer in the piezo group (101 min versus 88 min; p < 0.05). There was a lower incidence of postoperative hematoma and swelling following piezoosteotomy. However, regarding postoperative nerve impairment and infection we did not observe any differences between the two groups. At one year follow-up mean (SD) mouth opening was 34 (4.3) mm. We did not report recurrence of the disease. ConclusionPiezoelectric bone removal for the release of ankylosis of the TMJ is associated with minimal bleeding and few postoperative complications. We believe that piezosurgery allows surgeons to achieve better results compared to a traditional surgery. It is a possible alternative due to the clinical benefits demonstrated.

Piezoelectric surgery vs rotary instruments for lateral maxillary sinus floor elevation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intra- and postoperative complications.

Lateral maxillary sinus floor elevation (LMSFE) is a predictable preprosthetic surgical procedure that is used to overcome the limitations of the atrophied alveolar ridge for the placement of oral implants. Techniques using piezoelectric devices (PEDs) and conventional rotary instruments have been described for LMSFE in the literature, with little information regarding their efficiency in terms of membrane perforation, operating time, and implant outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the intra- and postoperative events associated with the use of PEDs and conventional rotary instruments for LMSFE. This systematic review was prepared according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The literature was searched for studies comparing the use of PEDs with conventional rotary instruments for LMSFE. The Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool was used to assess the studies selected, and meta-analyses were performed using statistical software. A total of 124 citations were identified. Of these, four studies with 178 LMSFEs in 120 participants were included. The pooled estimates for the risk of sinus membrane perforation did not show any significant difference between the two surgical techniques (risk ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.40-1.91; P = .73). Similarly, no significant difference in implant failure was found after 1 year of functional loading. The overall meta-analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the operating time between the two techniques with more time required for PED. The intra- and postoperative events associated with the use of PEDs and conventional rotary instruments for LMSFE are comparable.

Piezosurgery in implant dentistry.

Piezosurgery, or the use of piezoelectric devices, is being applied increasingly in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The main advantages of this technique are precise and selective cuttings, the avoidance of thermal damage, and the preservation of soft-tissue structures. Through the application of piezoelectric surgery, implant-site preparation, bone grafting, sinus-floor elevation, edentulous ridge splitting or the lateralization of the inferior alveolar nerve are very technically feasible. This clinical overview gives a short summary of the current literature and outlines the advantages and disadvantages of piezoelectric bone surgery in implant dentistry. Overall, piezoelectric surgery is superior to other methods that utilize mechanical instruments. Handling of delicate or compromised hard- and soft-tissue conditions can be performed with less risk for the patient. With respect to current and future innovative surgical concepts, piezoelectric surgery offers a wide range of new possibilities to perform customized and minimally invasive osteotomies.

HPTLC Fingerprinting in the Standardization of Panchavaktra Ras: A Herbo-Mineral Preparation

High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) is an enhanced form of thin layer chromatography (TLC). A number of enhancements can be made to the basic method of thin layer chromatography to automate the different steps, to increase the resolution achieved and to allow more accurate quantitative measurements. Automation is useful to overcome the uncertainty in droplet size and position when the sample is applied to the TLC plate by hand. One recent approach to automation has been the use of piezoelectric devices and inkjet printers for applying the sample. The assay combines the separation and quantification of the analyses on silica gel HPTLC plates with visualization under UV and scanning. Using this technique, the alkaloid content of different parts of the drug Panchavaktra ras finger print profile has been determined for the 3 experiments in the different times. HPTLC of Panchavaktra ras is the preliminary quantitative analysis which shows the number of components present in the sample accurately and precisely on the basis of mild variations in Rf values, that can acceptable in this drug and it indicates the purity of drugs. The UV spectrum of the common peaks with large abundance appeared at Rf 0.46, 0.33, 0.28, 0.30, 0.41, 0.49, 0.56, 0.57, 0.59, 0.99 were found to be super imposable revealing the presence of the same constituents in all the 3 samples.

Nonlinear optimization of acoustic energy harvesting using piezoelectric devices

In the first part of the paper, a single degree-of-freedom model of a vibrating membrane with piezoelectric inserts is introduced and is initially applied to the case when a plane wave is incident with frequency close to one of the resonance frequencies. The model is a prototype of a device which converts ambient acoustical energy to electrical energy with the use of piezoelectric devices. The paper then proposes an enhancement of the energy harvesting process using a nonlinear processing of the output voltage of piezoelectric actuators, and suggests that this improves the energy conversion and reduces the sensitivity to frequency drifts. A theoretical discussion is given for the electrical power that can be expected making use of various models. This and supporting experimental results suggest that a nonlinear optimization approach allows a gain of up to 10 in harvested energy and a doubling of the bandwidth. A model is introduced in the latter part of the paper for predicting the behavior of the energy-harvesting device with changes in acoustic frequency, this model taking into account the damping effect and the frequency changes introduced by the nonlinear processes in the device.

Crack detection in silicon nitride by acoustic microscopy : Lawrence, C.W.; Scruby, C.B.; Briggs, G.A.D.; Dunhill, A. United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Harwell, AERE-R-13196, 22 pp. (Dec. 1988)

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) based ceramics are currently enjoying a wide use in piezoelectric devices despite lead toxicity. Due to growing environmental concerns, the attention on piezoelectric ceramics has been moving to lead-free materials, in particular to (K,Na)NbO3-based ceramics. Here we report a systematic evaluation of the effects of the compositional modifications on [(K0.44Na0.52Li0.04)[(Nb0.86Ta0.10Sb0.04)1-xZr5x/4]O3 lead–free piezoceramics. We show that an interrelationship between the intrinsic and extrinsic factors is the linchpin for the development of good piezoelectric properties. Hence, the stabilization of the tetragonal symmetry on the orthorhombic-tetragonal polymorphic phase boundary facilities the poling process of the system, thereby enhancing the piezoelectric response. Additionally, the microstructure appears to be related to the piezoelectric properties; i.e., the improved piezoelectric properties correlate to the increase in grain size. The results of this work could help to understand the origin of piezoelectricity in potassium–sodium niobate-based ceramics.