Use Of Implantable Systems Research Articles

Funktionelle Rehabilitation von Querschnittgel�hmten durch Neuroprothetik

Recent technological advancements in microelectronics have led to the establishment of systems for restoration of basic functions in spinal cord injured (SCI) persons using functional electrical stimulation (FES). FES systems for the restoration of bladder and diaphragm function are well established in clinical practice. While FES systems in the lower extremities for standing/walking have not yet achieved widespread clinical acceptance, devices which enhance or restore the grasp function in tetraplegic patients with missing control of hand and fingers are demonstrably successful. Especially with the use of implantable systems a reliable, easy to handle application is possible. The most recent developments in micromechanical engineering are aimed at providing minimally invasive, subminiature systems for functional support in incomplete SCI persons. The possibility of direct brain control of FES systems will expand the application of neuroprostheses for patients with injury of the high cervical spinal cord.

Permanent Transvenous Pacemaking: Early Experience with the Elema-Schönander-Vitatron “Groningen” System

ermanent implantable pulse generators attached to endocardial electrodes are emerging as the method of choice in the manageP ment of complete heart block [ l , 3, 41. This method avoids thoracotomy for placement of epicardial electrodes and is extending the use of implantable systems to include more geriatric patients [6]. During the past year, a relatively trouble-free experience has been accumulated in 20 patients with a permanent transvenous system employing the Vitatron MIP 300 implantable pulse generator in conjunction with the Elema-Schonander endocardial cable-electrode; this experience forms the basis of this report.