In order to increase the use efficiency of natural precipitation resource,the effects of planting pattern with rainwater harvesting and row spacing on wheat yield and water use efficiency were analyzed in a random block design experiment in Linfen,Shanxi Province.The results show that average wheat yield of the planting patterns with 1:1.5 and 1:1 proportion of rainfall collection area to planted field area is significantly higher than that of open field cultivation (CK).When row spacings of 1:1.5 and 1 1 planting patterns,and open field cultivation are 11.3 cm,15 cm and 15 cm respectively,yield increase is more significant.Plant height,per-plant tiller number and per-plant green leaf number at the jointing stage under planting patterns of 1:1.5 and 1:1 are higher than that under open field cultivation.Water use efficiency in 1:1.5,1:1 planting patterns and open field cultivation is 19.8 kg·mm-1·hm-2,17.4 kg·mm-1·hm-2 and 14.3 kg·mm-1·hm-2 respectively.Dynamics of soil water for different planting patterns with rainwater harvesting at each growth stage are synchronously determined.