Usage Of Fly Ash Research Articles

Enhanced mechanical properties and tribological performance of anodic oxide coating by using thermal power plant waste material

Numerous researchers have dedicated their efforts to exploring the utilization of industrial waste, specifically fly ash (FA), as a reinforcement for developing economical composites and minimizing ecological pollution problems. FA consists of multiple phases, including quartz (SiO2) and mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2), which can significantly enhance the mechanical properties of materials. In tribological applications, incorporating FA into surface coatings can offer a cost-effective alternative to enhance surface properties. Meanwhile, the usage of FA and its difference from other commercial ceramics (e.g., SiO2) is still unknown. Thus, the present study aims to clarify the role of FA and factors that contribute to improving mechanical properties and tribological performance with commercial SiO2 as a comparison using electrochemical anodization. The growth mechanism was investigated by varying the anodizing times while maintaining a constant (100 g/L FA) in the electrolyte for the first phase. Meanwhile, the mechanical and tribological properties of different reinforcement content (0, 10, 50, and 100 g/L) were determined for the second phase. Then, evaluations were conducted on the surface morphology, chemical composition, surface hardness, and tribological properties. The results revealed that growth of oxide coating was initiated within the first 5–10 min by forming the barrier layer. Pores began to appear visibly after 30 min of anodizing time, while the complete formation of porous anodic oxide coating was achieved at 60-min with pores dimension (width: 30.75 ± 14.45 μm and depth: 13.4 ± 6.43 μm). Interestingly, 100 g/L of FA-reinforced anodic oxide coating demonstrated lower surface roughness (4.08 ± 0.41 μm), higher surface hardness (444.4 ± 8.63 HV), lowest coefficient of friction (COF) (0.46), and low wear rate (reduction almost 31.8 %) compared to 100 g/L of commercial SiO2 reinforced anodic oxide coating. The electrophoretic deposition effect, combined with the quartz (SiO2) and mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2) phase structure, enhances mechanical properties and tribological performance.

Critical Factors for the Successful Usage of Fly Ash in Road Sectors, Analyzing Mega Projects of Pakistan

Critical Factors for the Successful Usage of Fly Ash in Road Sectors, Analyzing Mega Projects of Pakistan

A Thermal Study on Foam-Based Eco-friendly Cinder Tiles

This study focusses on usage of fly ash and metakaolin as industrial waste to aerate lightweight foam concrete (LFGC) using hydrogen peroxide. By designing and optimising the components of metakaolin, hydrogen peroxide, and fly ash, physical properties such as mechanical strength, thermal characteristics, and heat resistance are assessed. Lightweight foam concrete has a dry density between 1400 and 1800 kg/m3, a bending strength between 0.7 and 1 MPa, and thermal conductivity between 0.1 and 0.7 W/mK, all of which indicate that it is more lightweight than normal concrete. By dumping solid waste on land, the environment suffers, and it leads to the release of toxic gases into the atmosphere and get polluted. As a byproduct, swapping out the cement with concrete would be a practical and cost-effective way to use the refuse. Alkaline solutions such as NaOH and Na2Sio3 are used to prepare geopolymer concrete. Samples of geopolymer concrete made with fly ash and metakaolin are cured in the oven for 24 hours. Geopolymer concrete is a form of material-based construction in which industrial raw materials supplied by businesses are incorporated into it. This lowers carbon emissions and makes the concrete more environmentally friendly. Using MATLAB, we predict which is the best value of bending strength, thermal conductivity, heat resistance, and dry density of various ash concrete. Effective input variables for geopolymer concrete include the amounts of fly ash, metakaolin, NaOH, and Na2SiO3, Fine aggregate, and the ratio of NaOH and Na2SiO3 and the output variables are bending strength, dry density, thermal conductivity, heat resistance.

Potential usage of fly ash and nano silica in high-strength concrete: Laboratory experiment and application in rigid pavement

High-strength concrete (HSC) using supplementary cementitious material of 30% fly ash (FA) and various nano silica (NS) contents were investigated in this study. FA and NS are waste materials collected from local thermal plants and rice husk ash in Southern Vietnam, respectively. Different concentrations of NS at 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% were incorporated into the base mixture in place of cement and FA. The water-to-binder ratio of 0.32 was constant for all the mixtures. Results indicated that the combination binder of cement, FA, and NS satisfied the setting time as pure cement binder. The slump test value was in the range of 30–40 mm by adjusting the superplasticzer. Mechanical properties of HSC were studied at various curing ages of 3, 7, 28, and 56 days, including compressive strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus, and abrasion resistance. Results indicated that 1% NS can be considered as optimum content for preparing an HSC mixture, which showed the best mechanical properties. Furthermore, a good correlation between compressive strength and flexural strength was obtained from the results. Finally, rigid pavement calculation revealed that the addition of 1% NS resulted in a reduction in the thickness of the concrete slab by 30 mm (around 10.7%) compared to non-NS concrete. These findings suggest that incorporating nano-silica into concrete can lead to thinner concrete slabs with improved performance characteristics.

Evaluation of radiological health risk caused by the use of fly ash in cement and concrete production and its storage

ABSTRACT As a result of firing pulverized coal in thermal power plants, enormous amounts of fly ash (FA) are produced as industrial waste. The release into the atmosphere and storage of this industrial waste remains one of the major environmental problems that threaten human health by contributing to air, water, and soil pollution. The recovery and reuse of FA in the construction industry is the only economic solution to the existing problem. In this study, the potential radiological risk caused by the usage of FA in concrete and cement production as a main component and its storage in landfill sites was evaluated for people and works by estimating radiological parameters (activity concentration and alpha index, annual effective doses, and the corresponding excess lifetime cancer risks) based on activity concentrations of terrestrial radionuclides in FA. Also, the radiological risk to the workers working in the FA landfill site was evaluated using the Residual Radioactivity Onsite 7.2 code. The average activity concentrations of terrestrial radionuclides in FA samples from the Tunçbilek lignite coal-fired thermal power plant at Kütahya province of Turkey were measured as 417, 156 and 454 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. When using up to 35% by mass of FA in cement and concrete, the average values of the radiological parameters revealed that they were within the recommended safety limits. However, code estimations showed that a regular worker in FA storage would be exposed to a total effective dose rate greater than 3 mSv y−1.

Effect of Source Type on Pore Structure and Properties of Aerated Geopolymer Concrete

A study has been carried out to produce environmentally friendly lightweight concrete by substituting cement with alternative geopolymer binders. Fly ash and silica fume (waste materials) were used as source materials and their effect on pore structure and properties of aerated geopolymer concrete was evaluated. Autoclaved aerated concrete, locally known as thermostone, was supplied from the market and tested as a reference mix. Three aerated geopolymer concrete mixes (around 550 kg/m3 density) were produced by mixing source materials (fly ash and silica fume), activator solution (sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide), and aeration agent (aluminum powder). It was found that by not only enhancing the pore structure but also improving the binder medium, the aerated geopolymer mixes were stronger and less absorbed than the autoclaved aerated concrete mix. However, the thermal insulation of the aerated concrete mix was better than those of aerated geopolymer concrete mixes. In terms of the source material, it was found that usage of fly ash helped in enhancing the strength by about 100% of autoclaved aerated concrete. In addition, unless its lowest density, aerated geopolymer mix made with fly ash and silica fume in combination absorbed less water than the other investigated mixes. Adding superplasticizer to the geopolymer mix helped in enhancing its pore structure by making the pores smaller, their irregularity lesser, and their number higher. In general, an environmentally friendly lightweight material with strength and absorption better than those of autoclaved aerated concrete was produced by adopting a geopolymerization process.

Investigation of Enhanced Landfill Liners Using Kuttanad Clay

Landfill liners are layers of materials used to protect soil and groundwater from contaminants. A study aims to improve the performance and effectiveness of these liners by using bentonite and fly ash as amending materials. The research aims to contribute to the sustainable waste management practices by offering cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives for landfill liner construction. By using locally available materials, the proposed amended liners can reduce dependency on imported materials and minimize the environmental footprint associated with conventional liner systems. The study investigates the synergistic effect of bentonite and fly ash as amending materials for improving the mechanical and hydraulic characteristics of Kuttanad clayey soil. In economic view, to maximize the usage of fly ash, bentonite can be replaced up to 30%. This mix is found to be suitable amended soil liner with a coefficient of permeability value which satisfies the permeability criteria of landfill liner.

Potential use of fly ash in structural fill application: a review.

Globally, over the years, fly ash (FA) has been successfully used in structural fills as a substitute for conventional infill material. As per the global industry trends and forecast report, the utilization rate of FA in 2021 was 74% in China, 65% in India, and 70% in the United States (US). Despite substantial research being done on the usage of FA as a substitute all over the world, only up to 15% by mass of total produce has been utilized as a replacement for infill soils. This indicates that there is a lot of potential for increased usage. From the view point of increasing the utilization rate, the present study focuses on summarizing the geotechnical properties of FA by taking strength characteristics into account as compared to conventional infill material. Moreover, this review underlines the chemical composition, index, and engineering properties. Firstly, it reviews the current state of the application of FA in structural fills by considering 141 articles that have been published since 2004 to till date. Secondly, it emphasizes the limited literature available on structural fill applications of FA. It also recommends the classification of FA besides the existing ASTM codes. Moreover, considering future research, this review also highlights the gaps in the previous studies, such as the need for amendments in existing standard codes for FA utilization as structural fill.

Thermo‐mechanical property enhancement of rigid polyurethane foam composite using low cost, environment friendly fly ash over silica particles

AbstractLow cost and environment friendly fly ash particles and silica particles were used as additives in the rigid polyurethane foam composite. The usage of fly ash will decrease the need for its handling and exposure to environment. FTIR spectra show the absence of hydrogen bonded urea which indicates no aggregation of hard urea domains in the soft polyurethane matrix after the addition of silica/fly ash. The composite loaded with 20 weight percentage fly ash had the highest glass transition temperature. At 10 weight percentage of the additive, the gross calorific value in the fly ash loaded composite decreased by 12% when compared with the composite loaded with silica. Introduction of fly ash into the foam composite up to a certain weight percentage (10 wt%) enhanced the compressive strength of the rigid polyurethane foam composite. The percolate particle concentration was at 10 weight percentage of the additive. The addition of fly ash increased the compressive strength up to 21% compared to the foam composite loaded with silica. Addition of fly ash in the foam composite resulted in a decrease of water absorption up to 23% in comparison to the composite loaded with silica. Hence, low cost and environment friendly fly ash is suitable additive which can be loaded into rigid polyurethane foams for superior enhancement in mechanical and thermal properties.Highlights The addition of fly ash to the foam decreased the gross calorific value up to 12% compared to that of the silica loaded foam composite. The composite loaded with fly ash had highest normalized compressive strength and highest glass transition temperature than that of the unloaded foam. This can potentially replace conventional rigid polyurethane foam in timber constructions because of its higher compressive strength. We propose the addition of fly ash as a low cost, environment friendly additive as it improved the various properties of the polyurethane foam composite to a greater extent than silica particles. The greater usage of fly ash will help in the formation of a closed loop supply chain and alleviate the need for disposal of fly ash.

3D-Printable Concrete for Energy-Efficient Buildings

Rapid construction with an energy-efficient approach is a major challenge in the present construction industry. Cement, a carbon-intensive material, is mainly used in the construction industry and hence increases the sector’s carbon footprint on the environment. The current review focuses on the study of 3D concrete printing (3DCP), in which cement is partially replaced with industrial byproducts such as ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), fly ash, and silica fume. Walling material is primarily targeted in 3DCP. There is a need to include energy efficiency to achieve a thermally comfortable environment. The life cycle assessment (LCA) of concrete is studied to discover the potential conflicts affecting the environment. The sand-to-binder ratio is pivotal in determining the performance of concrete. The content of the supplements is decided based on this factor. The rheological, physical, and mechanical properties of 3DCP are studied further and analysed. GGBS demonstrates better performance in the compressive and flexure strength of concrete. The usage of fly ash and silica fume has reduced the thermal conductivity of the material, whereas GGBS has increased it. An LCA study shows that 3DCP can be made sustainable with the use of these supplementary cementitious materials.

Fly-ash-based geopolymer modified by metakaolin for greener grouting material

Fly ash usually requires high-temperature maintenance owing to its low volcanic ash activity, which greatly limits its application. In this study, fly-ash-based geopolymer grouting materials were prepared by modifying them with suitable alkali activators and metakaolin at room temperature. The results of the orthogonal experiments showed that the content of metakaolin had the most significant effect on the 1-, 7- and 28-day mechanical properties of the material. The optimum mix proportion was determined as metakaolin content (m MK/m P) = 15%, sodium silicate modulus (M s) = 1.0 and sodium silicate content (m SS/m P) = 50%. The compressive strengths of the materials at 1, 7 and 28 days were 12.6, 24.9 and 36.3 MPa, respectively. The results of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy showed that the reaction mechanism of fly ash was subject to a bidirectional alkaline attack. Meanwhile, the unreacted fly ash particles proved the inertness of fly ash, while metakaolin mostly dissolved and formed hydrated sodium aluminosilicate gel to increase the mechanical strength of the geopolymer. The material developed in this study can meet the specification requirements of inorganic cementitious material for road grouting in terms of compressive strength and fluidity, increasing the usage of fly ash and contributing to environmental protection.

Shear behavior of fiber reinforced concrete beams with high fly ash content

The shear behavior of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) beams with high Fly Ash (FA) content is investigated experimentally. Despite greater understanding of FRC shear behavior for the design of structural elements such as beams, the practicality of FRC with a high FA content has yet to be determined. Despite the fact that substantial study has been undertaken to establish the optimal usage of FA as a cement and fine aggregate replacement in concrete while investigating the shear behavior of conventional concrete, only a few studies have focused on the influence of FA in the FRC on concrete's shear behavior. The findings of shear tests performed on the FRC concrete beams of dimension 900 mm long by 80 mm wide by 120 mm high containing a high FA content up to 50 % are presented in this study. This study's principal goal is to investigate the impact of factors such as FA replacement level with fine aggregate and fiber volume on the shear behavior of concrete beams. Concrete mix with different combinations of 50 % FA by weight, as a replacement for fine aggregate, and steel fiber 1 % by volume is investigated. A four-point loading setup was used to test each of the beams. The results on FRC shear resistance capacity at failure load, as well as the effect of fiber volume and high FA content on ultimate load, have been presented and discussed. Mid-span deflection and crack patterns are also investigated during testing. The test results reveal that FRC overperforms in the presence of FA at a level of 50 % fine aggregate replacement with FA. Fibers, as expected, delayed crack formation and significantly reduced their width. As a result, it can be concluded that 50 % fine aggregate replacement with FA can be used effectively in concrete construction with no significant loss in shear strength, both in the presence and absence of steel fibers.

Emerging waste-to-wealth applications of fly ash for environmental remediation: A review

The considerable increase in world energy consumption owing to rising global population, intercontinental transportation and industrialization has posed numerous environmental concerns. Particularly, in order to meet the required electricity supply, thermal power plants for electricity generation are widely used in many countries. However, an annually excessive quantity of waste fly ash up to 1 billion tones was globally discarded from the combustion of various carbon-containing feedstocks in thermoelectricity plants. About half of the industrially generated fly ash is dumped into landfills and hence causing soil and water contamination. Nonetheless, fly ash still contains many valuable components and possesses outstanding physicochemical properties. Utilizing waste fly ash for producing value-added products has gained significant interests. Therefore, in this work, we reviewed the current implementation of fly ash-derived materials, namely, zeolite and geopolymer as efficient adsorbents for the environmental treatment of flue gas and polluted water. Additionally, the usage of fly ash as a catalyst support for the photodegradation of organic pollutants and reforming processes for the corresponding wastewater remediation and H2 energy generation is thoroughly covered. In comparison with conventional carbon-based adsorbents, fly ash-derived geopolymer and zeolite materials reportedly exhibited greater heavy metal ions removal and reached the maximum adsorption capacity of about 150 mg g−1. As a support for biogas reforming process, fly ash could enhance the activity of Ni catalyst with 96% and 97% of CO2 and CH4 conversions, respectively.

Utilization of coal fly ash to enhance the bearing capacity of road base

Coal is responsible for the generation of around 38 percent of the power that is used throughout the entire planet. In the last two decades, there has been a rise in the number of chances for recycling and usage of fly ash from coal combustion due to its hydrophobic and cementitious properties. However, there is still limited commercialization of coal fly ash (CFA) in road construction. The focus of this research is to determine the bearing capacity of a CFA-treated crusher run used as a road base course. In order to determine the appropriate percentage of CFA, the crusher run was mixed with various percentages of Class F CFA, including 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The proctor Compaction test (PCT), soaked and unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests, and Unconfined Compressive Strength Test (UCST) were then used to evaluate the bearing capacity of the CFA-treated crusher. The result shows that as the percentage of CFA increased, the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and Maximum Dry Density (MDD) decreased compared with the control specimen. The soaked and unsoaked CBR of the CFA-treated crusher run with 20% CFA increased by approximately 32% and 26% respectively that of the control specimen. Therefore, it is proven that utilization of CFA up to 20% into crusher run could enhance the bearing capacity of the road base.

Investigation of the usage of fly ash containing a high amount of sulfate as a clinker replacement material

Investigation of the usage of fly ash containing a high amount of sulfate as a clinker replacement material

Mechanical Properties of Steel Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete Incorporated with Fly-Ash and GGBS

As it expands, it is becoming easier to obtain fresh insights into the numerous modifications and advancements that are taking place in the concrete business. Aside from that, as infrastructure continues to expand, the need for specialised concrete continues to increase in the present market. In addition, cement, aggregates, and other additions are the major elements in the production of concrete, with the exception of water. The goal strength for this current experimental attempt was 40 N/mm2, which was achieved. In this experimental effort, steel fibres with a standard length of 25mm, a diameter of 0.5mm, and an aspect ratio of 50 are used to completely replace cement in a concrete mix. It is the crimpled sort of steel fibre that has been utilised in this experiment, and it has been used in equal numbers with flash and GGBS in this study. Steel fibres are added to the binder, which is GGBS, and low calcium-based flash is provided by a local thermal plant, up to a maximum of 2 percent by weight, in order to compensate for the stress created by strain. This kind of construction achieves a balanced concrete mix that can bear stress while still staying robust in compression. It was determined that the insertion of steel fibres resulted in the biggest gain in strength, with a 1.5 percent increase in strength. A considerable increase in compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength, among other attributes, was seen with the addition of steel fibres to the mix. The usage of fly ash and ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) aids in the mitigation of air pollution by removing carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide from the environment, which are created during the cement-making process.

Effect of Pozzolanic Material on Drying Shrinkage Characteristics of Blended Cementitious Mortar

To maintain sustainability, the production of Portland cement is a major contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. Various methodologies are used for the purpose of reduction of Portland cement consumption in mortar are desirable to minimize the greenhouse gases. Based on past studies, the authors have studied fly ash behavior with the cement and its effect on mortar and concrete i.e. usage of fly ash (FA) contents in mortar as one of the sources of cement replacement, which makes mortar less permeable due to its fineness and pozzolanic response. This paper briefly discusses the cement replacement with a different fineness of FA from various hoppers at different percentages and does experimental examinations related to the compressive strength (CS) and drying shrinkage (DS) mortar. The FA was used for the research work from the Khaperkheda power plant, Nagpur. FA is used as a replacement with cement in a 12.5 % proportion up to 37.5% with a mix proportion for the mortar is 1:3. Casting of mortar for compressive strength and drying shrinkage is done as per the Indian Standard (IS) code. The result elucidated that, up to optimum level, the CS of mortar was increased and further observed increase in FA content decreased the CS. For drying shrinkage, the value of shrinkage is found lesser than the controlled cement mortar due to its fineness.

Synthesis and characterization of flyash reinforced polymer composites developed by Fused Filament Fabrication

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) has seen an upsurge in its utilization towards development of tailored made materials of polymer base. The advancement and diversity in fabricating the polymer composite parts by using FFF has seen the embracement of this technology in wider aspects, ranging from automotive, aerospace, construction and has marched towards day to day requirements. This research article focuses on development of polymer composite; by using flyash (FA), an industrial waste produced during coal combustion, as reinforcement in Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) matrix, to study the physical and mechanical properties. FA, which is primarily made up of metal oxides, plays an imperative role as reinforcement. Easily and abundantly available, FA is being used in several applications to reduce the landfills utilization and also helps the environment. In this study FA was added as reinforcement in 5 and 10 wt. % respectively to ABS matrix and was developed into filament of 1.75 mm diameter. The developed ABS + FA polymer composite using FFF, were analyzed for physical and mechanical properties as per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. Microstructure studies were carried out for the developed composite to understand their behavior in enhancing the dimensional accuracy and tensile strength with incremental addition of FA up to 10 wt%. Tensile strength was enhanced by 28.19% and 36.13% for ABS + 5wt. % FA and ABS + 10wt. % FA respectively. Dimensional stability was also enhanced. Similarly, surface roughness analysis was carried out and it was observed to reduce with addition of FA. The surface roughness measurements provided suitable results of decrement by 9.64% and 14.6% for ABS + 5wt. % FA and ABS + 10wt. % FA respectively. Overall, the usage of FA along with FFF, has paved a path in sustainable and green technology in manufacturing.

Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Using Multi-Component Blend Binders for CO2 Reduction

This paper aims to reduce the quantity of cement used by up to 80% by utilizing industrial by-products. By reducing the amount of cement used, there is an effect of reducing CO2 emissions during cement manufacturing. To reduce the amount of cement used, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBF), fly-ash (FA), and calcium carbonate (CC) were used as substitute materials for cement. CC is a by-product, discharged by collecting CO2 emitted from a coal-fired power plant and reacting with additives. The specific surface area and the average particle size of CC used are 12,239 cm2/g and 5.9 μm (D50), respectively. The viscosity of pastes that contained GGFF and FA decreased by up to 51 and 49% respectively compared to the use of only cement (OPC) paste. However, paste using with CC increased up to 23% in relation to plain. As a result of measuring slump flow, segregation resistance ability, and filling ability to evaluate construction performance, slump flow was reduced by up to 3% (G40F10C30) in relation to plain concrete. Segregation resistance ability of fresh concrete using, GGBF (15, 30, and 45%), FA (10, 20, and 30%), CC (10, 20, and 30%), the time it takes for the slump flow to reach 500 mm, time it takes to through the V-funnel showed a decreasing tendency as the usage of FA increased. However, CC increased with increasing mixing ratio. This trend is, the viscosity increase when CC was mixed in terms of rheology. Filling ability of fresh concrete using GGBF (15, 30, and 45%), FA (10, 20, and 30%) and CC (10, 20, and 30%), the criteria were met, and the average increase was 16% and the maximum was 20% in relation to plain concrete. In the case of compressive strength, the compressive strength at 1 day was found to be an average of 5 MPa when 80% of the cementitious was substituted. At 3 days, at least 8 MPa was measured. The compressive strength at 28 days showed a tendency to decrease as the mixing rate of CC increased, but was measured to be at least 34 MPa. The relationship between compressive strength and splitting tensile strength or elastic modulus at 28 days satisfies the standard range.

Laboratory Investigation of Microwave Healing Characteristic of Hot Mix Asphalt Incorporating Steel Slag and Fly Ash

Abstract: This research aims to analyze the usage of fly ash (FA) as filler and Steel slag as coarse aggregate in hot mix asphalt concrete to monitor its healing characteristic under microwave heat. Both fly ash and steel slag are the industrial by-products. Using Marshall, Hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures were prepared for control and three different modified specimens having 10%, 20% and 30% steel slag as coarse aggregate, and 75% optimum fly ash content (OFC) as filler. Then thermal distribution and optimum healing time of test specimens were recorded using infrared thermometer. A three-point bending (TPB) tests were applied to the samples before and after the microwave healing procedures. Test results demonstrated that adding steel slag and fly ash in asphalt concrete mixtures increases the heating rates and improve the healing performance of hot mix asphalt using microwave heat. The replacement of natural coarse aggregate by 30% steel aggregate is extremely promising since it has not only improved healing results but also enhance the load-displacement relationship of the HMA mixtures with more ductile behavior. Overall, the use of steel slag and fly ash in hot mix asphalt is a significant option that helps to the sustainable pavement construction as it improves healing and cracking resistance. Keywords: Fly ash, Steel slag, Hot mix asphalt, Microwave heating, Three-point Bending