Energy Usage Research Articles

Investigating the Impact of Cloud Computing on Environmental Sustainability

Abstract: It discusses the effects of cloud computing on the environmental aspect of sustainability by focusing specifically on carbon emission reduction, cost-cutting, and exploiting renewable sources of energy. Using only hypothetical data obtained from TechCorp Solutions, Global Data Inc., InnovaTech Ltd., and NextGen Systems, this paper reveals strong decreases in energy usage - between 38.89 percent to 45 percent in cost savings following the implementation of cloud computing. The study also records remarkable carbon emission reductions. The cuts in drops range between 42.86% and 45%. Not only this, but on implementation, every firm asserted a flat rate cut of 40% in operating costs. The second investment area the research probes is the commitment of the major cloud providers to renewable energy sources. It finds some using up to 100% from renewable sources. Cloud data centers are much more efficient than traditional data centers, as the PUE comparison indicates, and hence produce maximum energy efficiency with the least negative impact on the environment. The results represent important implications regarding cloud computing in light of sustainability goals and revenue generation. This implies that cloud technology will be used much more widely within various industries going forward.

The effect of a 120 kg pontoon mass on the wave energy converter device due to heaving

The environment is negatively impacted by the use of fossil fuels as a source of electricity. Using sustainable ocean wave energy is one way to replace fossil fuels and maximize the usage of natural energy. Electrical energy is produced from mechanical energy by ocean waves. An apparatus for converting wave energy from the ocean is needed to absorb it. The wave energy converter uses the up-and-down action of a chain on a pontoon to rotate a generator, producing electrical energy. The mass of the pontoon and the force of the ocean waves that excite it both have an impact on its vertical movement. Thus, the impact of pontoon mass on the wave energy converter is examined in this research. Both a planetary gear system and one without were used in the investigation. The voltage and current obtained at a wave height of 35 cm were 2.28 Volts and 0.160 A, respectively, without the planetary gear and 160.41 Volts and 13.95 A, with the planetary gear. Furthermore, an evaluation of the wave energy converter machine's performance was carried out. Using a planetary gear and a wave height of 13 cm, the second experiment's minimum power production was 212.63 Watts, while the sixth experiment's maximum power output was 2237.72 Watts with a wave height of 35 cm. In the second experiment, the generator without a planetary gear produced 0.0327 watts of power with the same wave height, and in the sixth trial, the generator produced a maximum of 0.3648 watts with a 35 cm wave height. As a result, utilizing a generator with a planetary gear is preferable to using one without one

Sustainability-driven electrical engineering optimizing energy efficiency through ai and developing eco-friendly electronics

This paper explores the transformative potential of AI-driven solutions in optimizing energy efficiency and the development of eco-friendly materials for electronics. As global energy consumption and electronic waste continue to rise, innovative technologies are essential to mitigate their environmental impact. AI models have shown significant promise in enhancing the performance of smart grids and residential and industrial energy systems by predicting and adjusting energy usage in real time. Additionally, the research and development of sustainable materials for semiconductors and electronic components offer an important pathway to reducing the environmental footprint of electronics manufacturing. By aligning these advancements with national sustainability and climate goals, this paper highlights the critical role of AI and sustainable materials in creating a more energy-efficient and environmentally responsible future. The paper concludes by suggesting areas for future research, emphasizing the long-term impact of these technologies on the electrical engineering field and their contribution to sustainability.

Multipath Routing with Dynamic Load Balancing for Enhanced Energy Efficiency in Zone-Based Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) consist of independent, self-organized mobile nodes capable of wirelessly communicating with each other in a reliable and secure manner. One of the major challenges in MANETs is energy consumption, as the lifetime of a node's battery is limited. This limitation can affect both network connectivity and the lifetime of individual nodes. Various protocols, proposed by the IETF and other solution providers, have aimed to optimize bandwidth, transmission quality, and power control, but none have significantly improved energy consumption. In response to these challenges, the proposed protocol is the Dynamic Load Balancing in Multipath Energy-Consuming Routing Protocol (DLB-MERP) for Wireless Ad hoc Networks. DLB-MERP can be viewed as an extension of the AOMDV protocol and is classified as a zone-based routing protocol, though it incorporates superior load balancing and energy management techniques. It introduces the concept of virtual zones to manage and distribute energy consumption in an organized way. The protocol selects communication paths based on the availability of node energy and power levels. A leader node is defined within each zone, chosen based on its energy level, load, and channel strength, to optimize energy usage. This method increases network resiliency through multipath routing, thereby enhancing overall network performance and extending network lifetime. DLB-MERP effectively addresses the limitations of existing energy-aware routing methodologies by balancing energy consumption, leading to prolonged network operation.

Dynamic role of medium- and high-tech industries and environmental policy stringency in environmental sustainability: fresh insights from Dynamic Seemingly Unrelated Regression (DSUR) analysis.

Since the last two decades, carbon neutrality has become a primary target of all economies. Governmental environmental policies stand as the most potent tools in the arsenal when it comes to tempering the effects of climate change. Fostering the adoption of green energy sources and embracing energy efficiency principles may assume an essential role in upholding the standard of ecological integrity. The primary objective of this inquiry revolves around the meticulous analysis of the intricate interplay between economic growth, the trajectory of industrialization, the up-gradation of industrial sector structure, the integration of green energy paradigms, and the implementation of energy efficiency strategies and environmental policies in the frame spanning from 2000 to 2019. To tackle the matter of cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity, second-generation cointegration estimators, Dynamic Seemingly Unrelated Regression (DSUR) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG), were employed to estimate long-run relationships. The consequences of DSUR and AMG indicate that while economic and industrial growth contributes to environmental degradation, renewable energy usage, and medium-high-tech industries mitigate the carbon emissions in selected countries. Further study results suggest that energy intensity positively impacts environmental degradation, which means energy efficiency helps mitigate CO2 emissions in these countries. This study also reveals that the degree of stringency in environmental policy negatively affects CO2 releases in the selected nations. Consequently, our study recommends the enhancement of the stringency of environmental policies, promoting environmentally friendly energy usage, the efficient use of energy, and the advancement of industries into medium-high-tech industries as effective ways to mitigate climate change in specific developing countries.

Web Server Based Electrical Control System Analysis for Smart Buildings

Energy management in smart buildings still faces challenges in optimizing energy use, particularly for high-load devices, such as HVAC systems and lighting. Conventional control systems are often inadequate for optimizing energy usage based on the operational needs of the building. This study aims to develop and analyze a web server-based electrical energy control system that can be accessed in real time to improve the energy efficiency of smart buildings. This study employed a quasi-experimental method by implementing a web server-based control system in a smart building and comparing the energy consumption before and after the application of the system. The results show that the system reduces the energy consumption by up to 25%, particularly for HVAC systems and lighting. The most significant energy savings occurred during off-peak hours, when the system automatically reduced power for unnecessary devices. The implications of this research suggest that a web server-based control system not only enhances energy efficiency and reduces operational costs, but also provides greater flexibility in energy management through more adaptive and responsive remote control. This research contributes to the development of more sustainable energy management technologies for smart buildings, with wide potential applications in commercial and institutional building scenarios

Theoretical investigation of bonding type effect in ferrocene dimers on electric and thermoelctric proteprties

Thermoelectric materials possess the capacity to significantly impact worldwide energy usage by virtue of their capability to transform heat into electrical energy. However, the majority of these materials exhibit low efficiency. Currently, there are ongoing studies exploring the thermoelectric properties of molecular junctions and low-dimensional structures. These investigations aim to identify and evaluate new nanostructure systems that can overcome the existing limits. In this study, we have conducted a theoretical comparison of the electrical and thermoelectric properties of four distinct topologies of ferrocene dimers. The findings of our study indicate that the connectivity and bonding type between ferrocene dimer units play a crucial role in controlling the quantum interference (QI) and enhancing the thermoelectric properties of these molecular junctions. These structures are highly promising for use as thermoelectric enhancers and are well-suited for many thermoelectric applications.

A Detailed Analysis on Evaluation of Green Computing

Abstract: Currently, computers are not only used in offices but utilized at home as well. The amount of energy consumed by the growing daily use of computers contributes to a rise in the atmosphere's carbon content. The IT sector is mostly to blame for 3% of the world's energy usage, which is rising by 20% annually. These days, green computing is a very emerging topic today. He is responsible for the use of computers and associated resources. It encompasses the application of energy efficient processors, servers and peripherals, along with less resource usage and appropriate electronic waste disposal waste. Enhancing the life cycle efficiency of IT devices and approving the recycling of wasteful items and manufacturing waste are the main objectives of green computing. The methods for conserving green energy and their potential applications are discussed in this article. By "aligning all IT processes and practices with the core principles of sustainability, which are to reduce, reuse, and recycle; and finding innovative ways to use IT in business processes to deliver sustainability benefits across the enterprise and beyond," green computing can also create beneficial solutions. Green computing and green chemistry share many of the same objectives, including minimizing the use of hazardous materials, optimizing energy efficiency over the course of a product's lifetime, and fostering the recyclable or biodegradable nature of factory waste and non-operational products .

Digital Twins for Reducing Energy Consumption in Buildings: A Review

This research investigates the use of digital twin (DT) technology to improve building energy management and analyse occupant behaviour. DTs perform the function of acting as virtual replicas of physical assets, which facilitates real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and data-driven decision-making. Consequently, energy performance and occupant comfort can be enhanced. This study evaluates the efficiency of DTs in optimising energy usage by a mix of a systematic literature review and scientometric analysis of 466 articles from the Scopus database. Among the main obstacles noted are interoperability issues, privacy and data quality difficulties, and the requirement for a more thorough integration of digital and physical interactions. The results highlight the necessity of standardised frameworks to direct DT implementations and suggest areas for further study, especially in the areas of improving cybersecurity and incorporating occupant behaviour into DT models. This research makes practical recommendations for using DT technology to increase energy efficiency and sustainability in the built environment.

Racing toward attaining sustainable development in India: Probing the asymmetric effect of country risk and coal energy

AbstractThe pursuit of a sustainable environment is a common goal for many nations; however, achieving this has become increasingly difficult due to country‐specific risks, often referred to as country risk. Despite its importance, the relationship between country risk and environmental outcomes is still in its early stages of exploration. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining the influence of country risk on India's ecological footprint within an asymmetric empirical framework, while accounting for economic growth and coal energy consumption. Utilizing the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) estimator, the analysis covers data from 1984 to 2018. The findings reveal that positive changes in economic and financial risk contribute to environmental improvement by significantly reducing the ecological footprint, whereas negative changes in these risks lead to an increase in ecological footprint. Additionally, positive changes in political risk, economic growth, and coal energy usage exacerbate the ecological footprint, while reductions in coal energy use and political risk lead to environmental benefits. Based on these outcomes, policymakers are encouraged to establish a clear risk benchmark and reduce the ecological footprint by fostering economic growth in a sustainable manner. Governments should also prioritize strong support for green technology investments and ensure stability across political, economic, and financial sectors to promote long‐term environmental sustainability.

Balancing Sustainability and Cost: Green Electricity Adoption in Chinese Vehicle Manufacturing

Abstract: Against the backdrop of escalating environmental concerns and the worldwide drive towards achieving carbon neutrality, this paper tackles the urgent task of incorporating environmentally-friendly electricity into an industry known for its substantial energy usage. The central research focuses on the justification of investing in green electricity for vehicle manufacturers in China, taking into account the abundance of other carbon reduction choices that may provide more economically efficient solutions. The study utilizes literature analysis and review to examine the economic and environmental consequences of adopting green electricity. It situates the topic within the larger framework of China's goals for sustainable economic growth and carbon neutrality. Its objective is to provide clarity on the compromises between sustainability and affordability, providing valuable perspectives on how automobile manufacturers may effectively negotiate these obstacles while actively supporting the worldwide initiative to combat climate change.

Lights, Headset, Tablet, Action: Exploring the Use of Hybrid User Interfaces for Immersive Situated Analytics

While augmented reality (AR) headsets provide entirely new ways of seeing and interacting with data, traditional computing devices can play a symbiotic role when used in conjunction with AR as a hybrid user interface. A promising use case for this setup is situated analytics. AR can provide embedded views that are integrated with their physical referents, and a separate device such as a tablet can provide a familiar situated overview of the entire dataset being examined. While prior work has explored similar setups, we sought to understand how people perceive and make use of visualizations presented on both embedded visualizations (in AR) and situated visualizations (on a tablet) to achieve their own goals. To this end, we conducted an exploratory study using a scenario and task familiar to most: adjusting light levels in a smart home based on personal preference and energy usage. In a prototype that simulates AR in virtual reality, embedded visualizations are positioned next to lights distributed across an apartment, and situated visualizations are provided on a handheld tablet. We observed and interviewed 19 participants using the prototype. Participants were easily able to perform the task, though the extent the visualizations were used during the task varied, with some making decisions based on the data and others only on their own preferences. Our findings also suggest the two distinct roles that situated and embedded visualizations can have, and how this clear separation might improve user satisfaction and minimize attention-switching overheads in this hybrid user interface setup. We conclude by discussing the importance of considering the user's needs, goals, and the physical environment for designing and evaluating effective situated analytics applications.

Linking sustainability reporting and energy use through global reporting initiative standards and sustainable development goals

AbstractThis paper addresses the critical need for an integrated approach to sustainability reporting by examining the transition from internal combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles within the automotive industry. By focusing on the top 8 highest-revenue global automakers in 2022, the study utilizes the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals to assess contributions to SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy) and other pertinent indicators. A comprehensive content analysis and logistic regression analysis are employed to explore the correlation between energy use and compliance with GRI standards from 2018 to 2022. The findings reveal significant trends in sustainability reporting, with a noted decrease in quality in the final year analyzed. Specifically, GRI 302-3 (energy intensity) shows a significant negative relationship with energy consumption, indicating higher energy usage correlates with lower compliance. The study reinforces the necessity for more transparent and effective sustainability reporting frameworks to enhance corporate practices and drive progress toward sustainability goals. Graphical abstract

Green means go: The effect of a visualization tool towards increased use of renewable energy in households

There is a need to further develop digital and hardware tools to support consumers in the adaptation of their energy use to, for example, integrate renewable sources into it and/or reduce expenses. This paper presents an evaluation study of a tool, including its hardware and software versions, that supports consumers in their electricity consumption optimization, most notably concerning renewable energies for specific devices. We conducted a six-week study in Oldenburg, Germany involving 43 participants divided into three groups: one hardware and one digital variant each of an energy visualization tool, as well as a control group. We furthermore collected quantitative data on energy usage patterns and qualitative insights through semi-structured interviews. Here the participants received information about the percentage of renewable energy currently in the grid, and were asked to document their washing machine and dishwasher use. This paper provides insights into the perception of the proposed visualization tools achieved through semi-structured interviews, comparing the digital and hardware versions, while outlining the challenges of and possibilities for changing energy use behavior, especially regarding the time of day of an appliance's use. Even though the measurable influences of the tool were limited due to thresholds being reached too easily as a result of e.g. high wind levels generating higher-than-anticipated amounts of renewable energy, in terms of the amount of renewable energy use, slight improvements in the two test groups were observed compared to the control group. Regarding consumer behavior, changes in the appliances' use time show slightly higher improvement compared to the control group.

OPTIMIZING HVAC EFFICIENCY AND RELIABILITY: A REVIEW OF MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

This study presents a comprehensive review of strategies to optimize HVAC systems in commercial and industrial buildings, focusing on enhancing energy efficiency, system reliability, and environmental sustainability. HVAC systems are major energy consumers, contributing significantly to operational costs in large buildings. With increasing energy costs, regulatory pressures, and the push for sustainability, technological advancements and management strategies have emerged to improve HVAC performance. Following PRISMA guidelines, this review analyzed 58 high-quality peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2023. Key findings show that energy management systems (EMS) can reduce energy consumption by up to 30%, while Building Management Systems (BMS) enhance system reliability through centralized control and predictive maintenance. The adoption of eco-friendly refrigerants and energy-efficient designs, such as heat recovery and variable refrigerant flow (VRF) technologies, further lowers energy usage and environmental impact. Additionally, integrating renewable energy sources like solar and geothermal into HVAC systems can reduce energy consumption by as much as 40%. Green building certifications, such as LEED and BREEAM, drive the adoption of optimized HVAC technologies, delivering both environmental and financial benefits. This review underscores the crucial role of HVAC optimization in reducing energy consumption, lowering carbon footprints, and improving the operational performance of buildings, offering valuable insights for building managers, engineers, and policymakers.

A Novel Method for Obtaining the Electrical Model of Lithium Batteries in a Fully Electric Ultralight Aircraft

This article introduces a novel approach for developing an electrical model of the lithium batteries used in an electric ultralight aircraft. Currently, no method exists in the technical literature for accurately modeling the electrical characteristics of batteries in an electric aircraft, making this study a valuable contribution to the field. The proposed method was validated with an all-electric ultralight aircraft designed and constructed at the Pascual Bravo University Institution. To build the detailed model, a kinematic analysis was first conducted through takeoff tests, where data on the speed, acceleration, time, and distance required for takeoff were collected, along with measurements of the current and power consumed by the batteries. The maximum speed and acceleration of the aircraft were also recorded. These kinematic results were obtained using two batteries made from Samsung INR-18650-35E lithium-ion cells, and different wing configurations of the aircraft were analyzed to assess their impacts on the battery energy consumption. Additionally, the discharge cycles of the batteries were evaluated. In the second phase, laboratory tests were performed on the individual battery cells, and the Peukert coefficient was estimated based on the experimental data. Finally, using the Peukert coefficient and the kinematic results from the takeoff tests, the electrical model of the battery was fine tuned. This model allows for the creation of charging and discharging equations for ultralight lithium batteries. With the final electrical model and energy consumption data during takeoff, it becomes possible to determine the energy usage and flight range of an electric aircraft. The model indicated that the aircraft did not require a long distance to takeoff, as it reached the necessary takeoff speed in a very short time. The equations used to simulate the discharge cycles of the batteries and lithium cells accurately described their energy capacities.

Energy Consumption Trends and Determinants in Polish Hospitals: Implications for Energy Efficiency Strategies

In the construction sector, hospitals are the buildings with the highest energy consumption. Due to the high demand for energy, hospitals’ energy efficiency is becoming very important. This study aims to examine the trends and factors that determine energy consumption in Polish hospitals from 2010 to 2019, highlighting the impact of hospital size and medical activities on energy efficiency. The analysis was carried out using data from 3061 hospital reports obtained from the e-Health Center, a state budgetary unit established by the Minister of Health. To measure and compare the efficiency of energy usage in hospitals, we developed eight energy usage efficiency indexes based on hospital size and medical activity. The size of the hospitals was described by the number of beds, operation rooms, doctors, nurses, and fixed assets value. Hospital activity was measured by the number of person-days, patients, and operations. Statistical analysis was carried out using StatSoft Statistica software version 13.3. The results show that larger hospitals are more energy efficient across various measures of energy use than smaller hospitals. The findings revealed also several important relationships between energy usage and factors connected with size and hospital activity, such as the number of beds, patients and person-days, medical staff, operations, and fixed asset values, underscoring the necessity for customizing energy efficiency strategies. This research contributes empirical insights that can guide policymakers and hospital administrators in their endeavors to improve energy efficiency and promote sustainability within healthcare facilities.

Energy-Efficient Architectural Design of a Banquet Hall with Integrated Tunnel Ventilation: Monitoring Performance During the Transitional Season in China

The construction industry, a significant contributor to global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, is under considerable pressure to adopt transformative approaches. Public buildings, which account for a substantial portion of total energy usage, must balance high standards of thermal comfort with ventilation efficiency. In China, many public buildings are part of urban landscapes, where façade designs often limit natural ventilation. Consequently, technologies like earth-to-air heat exchangers and wind towers are increasingly essential for enhancing natural ventilation. However, research on the efficacy of these systems remains sparse. This study examines the transitional seasonal environment by evaluating the thermal-humidity index of a banquet hall equipped with an earth-to-air heat exchanger system. Using DeST software [DeST 2.0], the study simulates indoor natural ventilation, calculates ventilation rates, and assesses residual heat removal efficiency. The system’s performance is also modeled under various thermal design zones. Results demonstrate that under natural ventilation, the system can achieve a residual heat removal efficiency of up to 490%. Simulations across different climate zones indicate that the system performs best in regions with extreme temperature fluctuations, particularly those with hot summers and warm winters. In these areas, the system reduces the annual temperature difference by up to 56.7%, significantly improving thermal comfort and reducing dependency on air conditioning. In contrast, performance in milder regions like Kunming achieves only a 37.5% reduction in temperature difference. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into energy-efficient design strategies and thermal optimization for banquet halls, with significant potential for energy savings and enhanced occupant comfort.

A Conceptual Level on Green Computing Applications on Eco-Friendly Approaches

The Green computing will work in this field as a life saver to environment as green computing will reduce energy usage by using various green computing eco-friendly approaches like-green design, green awareness, green standards, green disposals, green manufacturing and green usage which therefore help in the less emission. The "Going Green" is a rising trend establishing itself as the preferred way of doing things while saving the environment. This now appears in a large number of aspects in our lives, such as recycling, energy-efficient devices, clean energy sources, eco-friendly vehicles, green buildings. Computing has also established its share to contribute to saving the environment under the concept "Green Computing". Green computing is the environmentally responsible and eco-friendly use of computers and their resources. In broader terms, it is also defined as the study of designing, engineering, manufacturing, using and disposing of computing devices in a way that reduces their environmental impact. Green Computing, also known as Green Technology or Green IT, has quickly emerged as the most effective means of utilising technology.

Multi-pronged strategies for enhancing building envelopes toward nearly-zero energy in hot climatic regions

Abstract Growing concerns about climate change and rising energy demands necessitate advancements in building energy efficiency. This study investigates the effectiveness of radiative coatings and thermal insulation, both individually and combined, in reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint for buildings in hot and humid climates. This research contributes to a growing body of knowledge by comprehensively evaluating the combined effects of these strategies. A comparative analysis was conducted using data on energy usage and carbon emissions.
The research highlights the effectiveness of envelope-enhancing techniques in reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions. The application of radiative coating led to a significant 13.1% decrease in energy usage, totaling 681.95 MWh, and corresponding emissions of 482.14 tons of CO2. Radiative coating offers the most cost-effective solution with an LCOS of $0.045/kWh. When integrating thermal insulation with radiative coating, there was a substantial 12.0% reduction in energy consumption, amounting to 690.39 MWh, and emissions of 488.11 tons of CO2. The integrated model provides significant energy savings at a slightly higher LCOS of $0.052/kWh, making it a balanced choice between efficiency and cost-effectiveness compared to using thermal insulation alone. Moreover, the study emphasizes that the combination of Glazing Integrated Photovoltaic (GIPV) with radiative coating can lead to the creation of nearly zero-energy buildings, resulting in a significant energy savings of 34.9%. These results underscore the efficacy of these technologies in achieving significant energy savings and environmental benefits.
This study demonstrates that radiative coatings significantly reduce energy consumption and carbon footprints. The combined method with thermal insulation reduces energy, suggesting further optimization strategies in hot and humid conditions. The results of this investigation recommend utilizing Glazing Integrated Photovoltaic (GIPV) to achieve nearly zero-energy buildings. Such integrated solutions not only improve energy efficiency but also make a substantial contribution to environmental sustainability in the building sector.