Urinary Excretion Of Testosterone Research Articles

Virilización materno-fetal por tumor ovárico de la madre

Los autores han estudiado una mujer de 23 años en los que un tumor de ovario desarrollado durante su tercera embarazo. El tumor era del tipo resto suprarrenal y virilizados tanto para la madre como para el feto, que era una chica seudohermafrodita; la virilización que se produjo en la madre retrocedió tres meses después de la entrega, y la excreción urinaria de testosterona y 17-CS estaban en el rango normal en este punto; sin embargo, un aumento de los 17-Ks se produjo con la inyección de HCG; Los autores postulan que el tumor era dependiente de hormonas, y que los andrógenos secretados fueron capaces de cruzar la placenta y de esta manera a virilizar el feto.

The impact of genetics and hormonal contraceptives on the steroid profile in female athletes.

The steroid module of the Athlete Biological Passport, the newest innovation in doping testing, is currently being finalized for implementation. Several factors, other than doping, can affect the longitudinal steroid profile. In this study, we investigated the effect of hormonal contraceptives (HC) as well as the effect of three polymorphisms on female steroid profiles in relation to doping controls. The study population consisted of 79 female elite athletes between the ages of 18 and 45. HC were used by 32% of the subjects. A full urinary steroid profile was obtained using World Anti-Doping Agency accredited methods. In addition all subjects were genotyped for copy number variation of UGT2B17 and SNPs in UGT2B7 and CYP17. Subjects using HC excreted 40% less epitestosterone as compared to non-users (p = 0.005) but showed no difference in testosterone excretion. When removing individuals homozygous for the deletion in UGT2B17, the testosterone to epitestosterone (T/E) ratio was 29% higher in the HC group (p = 0.016). In agreement with previous findings in men, copy number variation of UGT2B17 had significant effect on female urinary testosterone excretion and therefore also the T/E ratio. Subjects homozygous for the T allele of CYP17 showed a lower urinary epitestosterone concentration than the other CYP17 genotypes. It is of great importance that the athlete’s steroidal passport can compensate for all possible normal variability in steroid profiles from women. Therefore, considering the large impact of HC on female steroid profiles, we suggest that the use of HC should be a mandatory question on the doping control form.

Androgen Sulfation in Healthy UDP-Glucuronosyl Transferase 2B17 Enzyme-Deficient Men

The conspicuous interindividual differences in metabolism and urinary excretion of testosterone and its metabolites make it challenging to reveal testosterone doping. The variation in testosterone glucuronide excretion is strongly associated with a deletion polymorphism in the uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltranferase (UGT) 2B17 gene. The objective of the study was to identify additional biomarkers to detect testosterone abuse and to elucidate alternative pathways for testosterone elimination in individuals devoid of the UGT2B17 enzyme. For this purpose a new ultraperformance liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method for simultaneous determination of 10 different sulfo- and glucuronide-conjugated steroids was developed. Fifty-four healthy male volunteers with two, one, or no allele (ins/ins, ins/del, or del/del) of the UGT2B17 gene participated in the study. Intervention included a single im dose of 500 mg testosterone enanthate. Urinary sulfo- and glucuronide-conjugated steroids were measured. Testosterone sulfate levels decreased in all individuals after the dose. The individual differences in the excretion of all sulfated metabolites were large. Thus, these metabolites will not serve as appropriate biomarkers for testosterone abuse. However, androsterone glucuronide excretion increased in all of our study subjects after the testosterone dose. Etiocholanolone sulfate was excreted at significantly higher levels in UGT2B17 del/del individuals. We propose that the androsterone glucuronide to epitestosterone glucuronide ratio may serve as a complementary biomarker to reveal testosterone abuse.

Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Urinary Testosterone Excretion in Men

Cigarette smoking is a major public health problem that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between cigarette smoking and concentration of testosterone in the urine. Forty young men age between 23 to 31 years were used for this study. The subjects were divided into two groups of 20 controls (noncigarette smoker) and 20 experimental groups (cigarette smoker). 5ml of mid-stream urine was collected from each subject at 0700 hour and urine testosterone concentration was estimated using enzyme immunoassay method. The result showed that the urinary testosterone concentration of non-cigarette smokers was 4.35±0.52 ng/ml, while the concentration in cigarette smokers was 2.81±0.38 ng/ml with p

Determination of Urine Steroid Profile in Untrained Men to Evaluate Recovery After a Strength Training Session

Intense physical exercise is an important modifier of hormone metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variations in the urine profile of glucuroconjugated steroids (androgens, estrogens, and corticosteroids) as a consequence of a session of strength exercises. The subjects were a group (N = 20) of untrained male university students. They performed 3 sets of 10 repetitions, with a 3-minute recovery time between sets, at 70-75% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM). Four urine samples were collected per subject: before the session, immediately after, 3 hours after, and 48 hours after the session. They were assayed using a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer. The concentrations of the different hormones were determined according to the urine creatinine level (ng steroid per mg creatinine). The substances assayed were testosterone, epitestosterone (Epit), androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androsterone, etiocholanolone, beta-estradiol, estrone, tetrahydrocortisone (THE), and tetrahydrocortisol (THF). The results showed a significant decline after exercise with respect to the rested state in the urinary excretion of testosterone, Epit, DHEA, androsterone, and etiocholanolone. At 48 hours, there was a significant increase in the urinary excretion of Epit, androstenedione, androsterone, etiocholanolone, estrone, and THE. The androsterone + etiocholanolone/THE + THF ratio decreased after exercise, increased significantly (p < 0.05) at 3 hours, and returned to near resting levels at 48 hours. The data suggest that the performing a strength session at 70-75% of maximum strength provoked a state of fatigue in the subjects, from which they recovered 48 hours after the exercise.

Testosterone Doping: Dealing with Genetic Differences in Metabolism and Excretion

The first documented use of testosterone as a performanceenhancing substance in sport began in the 1950s. The success of Russian weightlifters during this era led Dr. John B. Zeigler to surreptitiously obtain information from their trainers that they were using testosterone. Later, Zeigler would use Dianabol to enhance the performance of weightlifters at the York Barbell Club beginning in 1958. Once Pandora’s Box was open, it was impossible to close. The growth and widespread use of anabolic steroids in many competitive sports eventually led the U.S. Congress to schedule testosterone and other anabolic agents under the Anabolic Steroids Control Act in 1990 (Public Law 101647). For many years, the medical community argued that there was no proof that testosterone enhanced athletic performance. Finally, in 1996, Bhasin and co-workers showed that supraphysiological doses of testosterone indeed produced performance benefits (1), something the athletes had known for four decades. The urinary testosterone to epitestosterone (T/E) ratio was the first test to be used for evaluation of abuse of a natural (or endogenous) substance such as testosterone to enhance performance in sport. The production of reliable quadrupole gas chromatograph/mass spectrometers in the mid-1970s allowed more widespread study of urinary steroid profiles. Donike and coworkers (2) observed an unusual distribution of testosterone concentrations in samples collected at the Moscow Olympics in 1980. In 1982, Donike proposed the use of the urinary T/E ratio based on the observation that epitestosterone was excreted in the urine in a relatively constant amount and as such constituted a way to compensate for the variability in testosterone concentration that occurred as a function of the diluteness of the urine (2). Because the primary metabolite of testosterone is testosterone glucuronide, the procedure developed by Donike used -glucuronidase in the preparation of the samples for analysis. In 1983, the International Olympic Committee accepted a T/E ratio of greater than 6:1 as evidence of testosterone doping, based on the 99th percentile of the log normal distribution of ratio values established by Donike and his co-workers. It was soon clear that the T/E ratio based on population reference ranges had limitations. For example, it had been noted in 1970 that genetic make-up could have a significant effect on urinary testosterone excretion, whereas epitestosterone excretion was unaffected (3). As population T/E ratio data accumulated in the anti-doping laboratories, it was clear that there were two distributions of urinary T/E ratios in both men and women, one with a maximum frequency at a T/E ratio of about 0.1 and a much larger population with a maximum frequency at a T/E ratio of about 1. Within the anti-doping community, the smaller population was referred to as low mode, and it was known that administration of testosterone to low-mode individuals did not result in a T/E ratio above the population threshold (4). Jakobsson and her colleagues (5) provided the mechanism for lowmode excretion in 2006 when they demonstrated that the UGT2B17 gene deletion was the cause of significant differences in testosterone glucuronide excretion between Korean and Swedish men. In their current paper in this issue, JakobssonSchulze et al. (6) report that when subjects deficient in the UGT2B17 gene (del/del) receive exogenous testosterone, their T/E ratio does not rise above the current population-based threshold of 4:1. One potential route of excretion of testosterone in UGT2B17 del/del genotypes is through other phase II metabolites such as testosterone sulfate. Borts and Bowers (7) directly measured the concentrations of testosterone and epitestosterone sulfate and glucuronide using HPLC/tandem mass spectrometry. Low-mode excretors did not produce larger than normal amounts of testosterone or epitestosterone sulfate. There was also no change in the relative production of sulfate conjugates. Because phase II metabolism does not explain the difference in testosterone handling in these individuals, it would be interesting to know what phase I metabolism products are increased in individuals with the UGT2B17 del/del polymorphism. This information may help develop a more sensitive test for testosterone

Assessment of urinary total testosterone production by a highly sensitive time‐resolved fluorescence immunoassay

Radioimmunoassay (RIA) that involves purification of the analyte by organic solvent extraction is widely used. Although the extraction RIA is reliable when properly validated, it is time consuming and radioactive, we measure urinary total testosterone with a highly sensitive rapid and accurate time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA) method. High affinity antitestosterone antibody and Eu(3+) labeled Donkey antisheep IgG as tracers were used. The assay was evaluated for specificity, sensitivity, analytical recovery, precision and dilution linearity by the TRFIA method on urine samples. A satisfactory standard curve for testosterone TRFIA has been developed with good sensitivity (5.1 pmol/L). The validity of the assay for urinarytotal testosterone was confirmed by the good correlation between the results obtained by TRFIA (X) and those RIA (Y) (Y=0.075+0.971X, R=0.992). Specificity, analytical recovery, precision and dilution linearity studies were determined and all found to be satisfactory. Male urinary total testosterone excretion ranged from 64.00 to 374.11 nmol/24 hr, which was about four times more than the range for women urinary testosterone excretion (14.16-100.65 nmol/24 hr), which suggests that a direct, reliable, easy to automate, highly sensitive and specific TRFIA type assay for the measurement of total testosterone in urine samples has been developed.

Serum testosterone and urinary excretion of steroid hormone metabolites after administration of a high-dose zinc supplement

To investigate whether the administration of the zinc-containing nutritional supplement ZMA causes an increase of serum testosterone levels, which is an often claimed effect in advertising for such products; to monitor the urinary excretion of testosterone and selected steroid hormone metabolites to detect potential changes in the excretion patterns of ZMA users. Fourteen healthy, regularly exercising men aged 22-33 years with a baseline zinc intake between 11.9 and 23.2 mg day(-1) prior to the study. Supplementation of ZMA significantly increased serum zinc (P=0.031) and urinary zinc excretion (P=0.035). Urinary pH (P=0.011) and urine flow (P=0.045) were also elevated in the subjects using ZMA. No significant changes in serum total and serum free testosterone were observed in response to ZMA use. Also, the urinary excretion pattern of testosterone metabolites was not significantly altered in ZMA users. The present data suggest that the use of ZMA has no significant effects regarding serum testosterone levels and the metabolism of testosterone in subjects who consume a zinc-sufficient diet.

A diurnal variation in testicular hormone production is maintained following gonadotrophin suppression in normal men

A diurnal variation in serum testosterone in adult men is well recognized, but whether this occurs during exogenous testosterone administration and the degree to which it is endogenous to the testis is unclear. A clinical research centre investigation of testicular function in normal men. Twenty normal men were recruited, 10 of whom were investigated during administration of testosterone with etonogestrel to suppress gonadotrophin secretion. Hourly blood samples were taken over 24 h for measurement of testosterone, inhibin B, LH, FSH and cortisol. Urinary excretion of testosterone and the testicular steroid epitestosterone was also measured. In the controls, a diurnal variation in serum testosterone and LH but not FSH was detected. The treated group had similar testosterone concentrations but showed no diurnal variation. Periodicity was also detected in inhibin B concentrations in 5 of the controls and in 9 of the treated group, who also showed synchrony not seen in the controls. Both groups showed diurnal variation in cortisol. Urinary testosterone excretion did not show a diurnal variation in either group, but this was apparent for epitestosterone with a morning peak in both groups despite the markedly lower excretion in the treated men. The diurnal variation of testosterone in normal men is due to a change in secretion rather than in clearance and is largely LH driven. An endogenous rhythm in both testicular steroidogenesis (epitestosterone) and Sertoli cell function (inhibin B) is also present.

Development and validation of a simple and direct ELISA method for the determination of conjugated (glucuronide) and non-conjugated testosterone excretion in urine

Background Several methods are now available to estimate urinary testosterone levels that can only be performed in established big laboratories using GC/MS techniques. In clinical practice or for research projects, an inexpensive method that does not require skilled technicians would be useful. A simple, rapid and accurate ELISA method has been developed and applied in our laboratory to measure urinary non-conjugated and total testosterone. Methods High affinity anti-testosterone antibody and HRP-Donkey anti-sheep IgG (Horse Radish Peroxidase) as enzyme tracer were used to develop the ELISA method. The assay was evaluated for specificity, sensitivity, parallelism, accuracy and imprecision by the established methods on samples obtained from healthy volunteers. The results from the direct ELISA were compared to those after enzyme hydrolysis plus solvent extraction and HPLC or commercial kits. Results A satisfactory standard curve for the direct testosterone ELISA has been developed with good sensitivity. Cross-reactivity values of anti-testosterone antibody with major interfering steroids were minimal except for testosterone-3-glucuronide (58.8%). The validity of urinary testosterone assay was confirmed by the good correlation between the results obtained by the direct ELISA and those after enzyme hydrolysis and solvent extraction ( Y = 0.987 X + 0.398, R 2 = 0.97). Accuracy studies, parallelism and imprecision data were determined and all found to be satisfactory. Urinary testosterone excretion values obtained by our direct ELISA from healthy volunteers were generally in agreement with those published by other workers. Male urinary total testosterone excretion (non-conjugated and testosterone glucuronide) ranged from 177.9 to 865.3 nmol/day, which was about 3–6 times more than the range for women urinary testosterone excretion (34.5–308.8 nmol/day). Conclusion A direct, reliable, easy to perform, sensitive and highly specific ELISA type assay for the measurement of total testosterone in urine samples (conjugated and non-conjugated) has been developed. The novel features of the assay are that it does not require an initial extraction step or involve time consuming procedures such as chromatography. A simple method has also been developed to measure non-conjugated urinary testosterone excretion after solvent extraction alone.

Elevated urinary testosterone excretion and decreased maternal caregiving effort in marmosets when conception occurs during the period of infant dependence

The proximate mechanisms that regulate transitions in mammalian female reproductive effort have not been widely studied. However, variation in circulating levels of the androgenic steroid hormone testosterone (T) appears to mediate a trade-off between investment in current and future offspring in males [Ketterson, E.D., Nolan, V., Jr., 1992. Hormones and life histories: an integrative approach. Am. Nat. 140, S33–S62; Ketterson, E.D., Nolan, V., Jr., 1994. Hormones and life histories: an integrative approach. In: L.A. Real (Ed.), Behavioral Mechanisms in Evolutionary Ecology, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 327–353; Ketterson, E. D., Nolan, V., Jr., 1999. Adaptation, exaptation, and constraint: A hormonal perspective. Am. Nat. 154S, S4–S25]. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility that T is also associated with transitions in the reproductive effort of females, by examining the relationship between urinary T excretion, maternal caregiving behavior, and the timing of the postpartum conception in female Wied's black tufted-ear marmosets ( Callithrix kuhlii). We examined the maternal carrying effort and peripartum T profiles of six females across two conditions: (1) when they conceived during the period of infant dependence (DPID), such that gestation was coupled with lactation; and (2) when the same females conceived after the period of infant dependence (APID). We also assessed the relationship between postpartum T levels and caregiving effort. When female marmosets conceived DPID, they dramatically reduced their caregiving effort, and had higher levels of urinary T, relative to when they conceived APID. Further, the litter-to-litter changes in maternal caregiving effort that we observed were related to variation in urinary T excretion; as weekly levels of urinary T excretion increased, concurrent caregiving effort declined. Our results suggest that variation in T secretion may regulate transitions in female reproductive behavior, and that the regulation of male and female parental behavior may be mediated by homologous neuroendocrine mechanisms.

Novel male mice show gradual decline in the capacity to disrupt early pregnancy and in urinary excretion of testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol during the weeks immediately following castration.

Novel male mice can disrupt intrauterine implantation of fertilized ova in inseminated females. Evidence indicates mediation by androgen-dependent excretions. This study was designed to examine the time course of males' ability to disrupt pregnancy following castration and relate this to their urinary excretion of testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol. During days 1-5 of pregnancy, previously inseminated females were housed underneath castrated novel males at various intervals after the surgery. Castrated males generally continued to disrupt pregnancy during the initial weeks after surgery. Progressively, the probability of retention of pregnancy increased as a linear function of time since castration. There was an apparent asymptote, where the majority of females remained pregnant, beginning at about 6 weeks following surgery. Males' excretion of testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol in urine, measured via ELISA procedures, diminished gradually during the weeks after castration.

Urinary Excretion of LH and Testosterone from Male Rats During Exposure to Increased Gravity: Post‐Spaceflight and Centrifugation

Abstract. A dissociation between plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) appears to exist during exposure to altered gravity. The pulsatile nature of LH release and the diurnal variability of T secretion may mask or bias the effects of altered gravity on the pituitary‐gonadal axis when analyzing plasma concentrations. Therefore, we examined the relationship between the excretion of urinary LH and T in male Sprague‐Dawley rats during exposure to increased gravity upon return to Earth following a 14‐day spaceflight (n = 6) and by 12 days of centrifugation at 2g (n = 8). Excreted LH and T were elevated on the first 3 days postflight. Excreted T was elevated between Days 1 and 8 of centrifugation; however, excreted LH was reduced on Days 2 and 3 compared with control animals. Excreted LH and T were significantly correlated (R = 0.731 and 0.706, respectively) in postspaceflight and centrifuged animals. Correlation curves had similar slopes (0.0213 and 0.023, respectively), but different y‐intercepts (–1.43 and 3.32, respectively). The sustained increase in excreted T during centrifugation suggests that the pituitary‐gonadal axis in postspaceflight animals may adapt quicker to increased gravity. The upward shift in the correlation curve exhibited by the centrifuged animals suggests that the sensitivity of LH‐induced T release is increased in these animals. The previous dissociation between plasma LH and T during altered gravity was not observed in the present study in which excreted LH and T were measured.

Urinary excretion of LH and testosterone from male rats during exposure to increased gravity: post-spaceflight and centrifugation.

A dissociation between plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) appears to exist during exposure to altered gravity. The pulsatile nature of LH release and the diurnal variability of T secretion may mask or bias the effects of altered gravity on the pituitary-gonadal axis when analyzing plasma concentrations. Therefore, we examined the relationship between the excretion of urinary LH and T in male Sprague-Dawley rats during exposure to increased gravity upon return to Earth following a 14-day spaceflight (n = 6) and by 12 days of centrifugation at 2g (n = 8). Excreted LH and T were elevated on the first 3 days postflight. Excreted T was elevated between Days 1 and 8 of centrifugation; however, excreted LH was reduced on Days 2 and 3 compared with control animals. Excreted LH and T were significantly correlated (R = 0.731 and 0.706, respectively) in postspaceflight and centrifuged animals. Correlation curves had similar slopes (0.0213 and 0.023, respectively), but different y-intercepts (-1.43 and 3.32, respectively). The sustained increase in excreted T during centrifugation suggests that the pituitary-gonadal axis in postspaceflight animals may adapt quicker to increased gravity. The upward shift in the correlation curve exhibited by the centrifuged animals suggests that the sensitivity of LH-induced T release is increased in these animals. The previous dissociation between plasma LH and T during altered gravity was not observed in the present study in which excreted LH and T were measured.

Effects of dietary fat and fiber on plasma and urine androgens and estrogens in men: a controlled feeding study

We conducted a controlled feeding study to evaluate the effects of fat and fiber consumption on plasma and urine sex hormones in men. The study had a crossover design and included 43 healthy men aged 19-56 y. Men were initially randomly assigned to either a low-fat, high-fiber or high-fat, low-fiber diet for 10 wk and after a 2-wk washout period crossed over to the other diet. The energy content of diets was varied to maintain constant body weight but averaged approximately 13.3 MJ (3170 kcal)/d on both diets. The low-fat diet provided 18.8% of energy from fat with a ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat (P:S) of 1.3, whereas the high-fat diet provided 41.0% of energy from fat with a P:S of 0.6. Total dietary fiber consumption from the low- and high-fat diets averaged 4.6 and 2.0 g.MJ-1.d-1, respectively. Mean plasma concentrations of total and sex-hormone-binding-globulin (SHBG)-bound testosterone were 13% and 15% higher, respectively, on the high-fat, low-fiber diet and the difference from the low-fat, high-fiber diet was significant for the SHBG-bound fraction (P = 0.04). Men's daily urinary excretion of testosterone also was 13% higher with the high-fat, low-fiber diet than with the low-fat, high-fiber diet (P = 0.01). Conversely, their urinary excretion of estradiol and estrone and their 2-hydroxy metabolites were 12-28% lower with the high-fat, low-fiber diet (P < or = 0.01). Results of this study suggest that diet may alter endogenous sex hormone metabolism in men.

Urinary excretion of testosterone and estradiol in chinese men and relationships with serum lipoprotein concentrations

Urinary excretion of total and free testosterone and estradiol was measured in 46 healthy Chinese men, along with serum concentrations of total testosterone and estradiol and the calculated free (unbound) concentrations. Associations with serum concentrations of total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein-2 (HDL 2), and HDL 3 cholesterol, apolipoproteins (apos) A-I and B, and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] were studied. Serum total and free testosterone concentrations were positively correlated with HDL and HDL 2 cholesterol and apo A-I. Serum total and free estradiol levels showed borderline-significant negative associations with total and LDL cholesterol levels. Among urinary variables, total estradiol excretion was negatively associated with apo B levels and showed borderline-significant associations with total and LDL cholesterol. Adjustment for potential confounders, including age, body mass index (BMI), and waist to hip ratio (WHR), strengthened the associations between urinary total estradiol and serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apo B. Urinary free estradiol showed a significant correlation with HDL 3 cholesterol. Urinary excretion of total testosterone was significantly negatively associated with serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels only after controlling for confounding variables. There were no significant associations between hormone variables and Lp(a) values. This study suggests that variation in sex hormone production accounts for some of the variation in serum lipid levels.

Effects of long-term antiepileptic therapy on the catabolism of testosterone.

The serum levels of testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, and free testosterone index were measured in 51 epileptic men (age 18-45) in order to assess the possible effects of antiepileptic drugs on sexual dysfunction. An analytical gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed to assess the urinary excretion of testosterone, epitestosterone, androsterone, etiocholanolone, 11-OH androsterone and 11-OH etiocholanolone and to evaluate if the catabolism of testosterone had been increased. Twenty normal healthy males of similar age, 18-45 years, served as control group. Patients receiving polytherapy (n = 34) or monotherapy with carbamazepine (n = 8) or phenytoin (n = 9) showed higher levels of sex hormone binding globulin and testosterone, and lower levels of free testosterone than did the controls (P < 0.03). Urinary excretion of the metabolites androsterone and 11-OH androsterone was significantly reduced (P < 0.02) in the polytherapy group, while the monotherapy group showed only significant differences (P < 0.02) in the elimination of 11-OH androsterone. Our results suggest that an induction of the hepatic synthesis of sex hormone binding globulin may be the mechanism by which the antiepileptic drugs lower the levels of free testosterone in serum. However, the reduced excretion of androsterone and the normal levels of etiocholanolone show that the antiepileptic drugs do not produce an increase in the main catabolism pathway of testosterone.

Within- and between-subject variation in, and associations between, serum concentrations and urinary excretion of testosterone and estradiol in Chinese men

Within- and between-subject variation in, and associations between, serum concentrations and urinary excretion of testosterone and estradiol in Chinese men

Hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome. Evidence of dysregulation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.

Hyperandrogenemia is the hallmark of the polycystic ovary syndrome, yet the relative contributions of the adrenal cortex and ovary to the overproduction of androgen remain unclear. To identify possible causes of adrenocortical overactivity, we studied the metabolism of adrenal and ovarian steroid hormones in women with this disorder. We measured 24-hour urinary excretion of steroid hormone metabolites by high-resolution capillary gas chromatography in 65 women with the polycystic ovary syndrome and 45 normal women matched for body-mass index. After adjustment for body-mass index, the urinary excretion of testosterone and androstenedione metabolites was 1.9 times higher in the women with the syndrome than in the normal women, and the excretion of dehydroepiandosterone metabolites (C19 steroid sulfates) and cortisol metabolites was 1.5 and 1.3 times higher, respectively (P < 0.01 for all comparisons). The affected women also had significantly higher ratios of 11-oxo (oxygenated) metabolites to 11-hydroxy metabolites of cortisol (1.4 times higher, P < 0.001) and of 11-oxo to 11-hydroxy metabolites of corticosterone (1.8 times higher, P < 0.001). In the group with the polycystic ovary syndrome, 55 percent of the nonobese women and 24 percent of the obese women had ratios above the upper limit of normal; the ratios in the obese women did not differ significantly from those in the nonobese women. Adrenal secretion of cortisol and androgens is increased in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. The increases may be explained by dysregulation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase causing increased oxidation of cortisol to cortisone, which cannot be accounted for by obesity.

Influence of (1-24)ACTH and HCG administration on urinary excretion of free cortisol, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone and estradiol in the Mongolian gerbil

Journal Article Influence of (1-24)ACTH and HCG administration on urinary excretion of free cortisol, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone and estradiol in the Mongolian gerbil Get access M Fenske M Fenske Lehrstuhlfür Tierphysiologie, Universität Bayreuth Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Acta Endocrinologica (Norway), Volume 120, Issue 3_Supplement, Jun 1989, Page S98, https://doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.120S098 Published: 01 June 1989