Urinary Bladder Stones Research Articles

Urinary Bladder Stone Secondary to Transmigration of Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device

Urinary Bladder Stone Secondary to Transmigration of Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device

Linking NAFLD and Nephrolithiasis: A CT-Based Investigation

Objective: To evaluate the association between NAFLD and renal stone detected on computed tomography. Method: This study encompassed 240 patients who underwent noncontrast CT abdomen-pelvis computed tomography between November 2023 and April 2024. The nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group included those who had a reduced mean Hounsfield unit (HU) of the right lobe, lateral and left medial segment of the liver as compared to that of the spleen. The control group included patients who had liver parenchyma HU larger than spleen HU. All patients were examined for the presence or absence of radiopaque kidney, ureter, or urinary bladder stones, whether symptomatic or not. Results: From 240 patients, 122 were healthy (50.8%) without NAFLD or renal stone disease. NAFLD was found in 88 individuals with a mean age of 46.8±17.7 years, 42 (47.7%) males and 46 (52.3%) women. Renal stone disease was detected in 70 patients, accounting for 29.1% of the total. The average age of these patients was 43.7± 19.3 years, with 32 males and 38 females. Forty individuals with NAFLD had renal stones (45.5%) which was significantly more than the prevalence in those who are NAFLD negative 13 (19.7%), p <0.001. Females with NAFLD had a considerably greater renal stone rate (52.2%) compared to those without NAFLD (16.3%), P < 0.001. Conclusion: Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) had a significantly higher incidence of renal stone disease compared to persons with a healthy liver, especially among women.

Giant Urinary Bladder Stone in Association with Acute Kidney Injury: A Rare Urological Emergency

Giant Urinary Bladder Stone in Association with Acute Kidney Injury: A Rare Urological Emergency

A Peristaltic Pump to Improve Bladder Emptying and Irrigation in Patients Who Use Clean Intermittent Catheterization

Background: Neurogenic bladder patients who intermittently catheterize may have systems that drain slowly and incompletely. These limitations can lead to urinary tract infections and bladder stone formation and be time consuming. We hypothesize that a catheter accessory device could improve drainage, reduce residual bladder volume, and save time. Methods: A yearlong collaboration between an undergraduate biomedical engineering student design team and client mentors from the pediatric urology department led to an evaluation of solutions to enhance emptying of bladders that require intermittent catheterization. Students performed market analysis, identified design requirements, generated design concepts, conducted usability testing, and constructed alpha and beta prototypes verified through benchtop experimentation during the yearlong project. Prototypes were verified using a phantom bladder model built from a compliant stress ball with an attached catheter and placed under an external pressure of 5 cm H 2 O. Tests were conducted to measure the diff erence between passive drainage and device-assisted drainage at various bladder volumes and catheter sizes. Eight student peers compared passive emptying, irrigating, and aspirating a phantom bladder model using the prototype or syringe to assess the usability of the device. Results: We developed a pump that interfaces with commercially available catheters. The pump housing was designed and 3D printed. Fluid can be moved bi-directionally with a battery-powered peristaltic pump and microcontroller. The pump has a built-in current sensing threshold with an automatic shutoff safety mechanism. Testing results showed that for all bladder volumes and catheter sizes, the pump emptied more completely and drained between 1.6 and 6.3 times faster when compared to passive drainage. Usability feedback showed that the pump required less time to irrigate the bladder and was preferred when compared to the manual syringe technique. Conclusions: This portable catheter pump improves phantom bladder emptying by increasing flow rate, decreasing residual volume, and making irrigation easier. Future design improvements will work to implement safety mechanisms and miniaturize the pump. This project demonstrates the feasibility of a catheter accessory device to improve patient quality of life and the ability for understudied clinical problems to be addressed through collaborations between capstone engineering design teams and physicians.

Two Natural Births with Unremoved Iuds Causing Bladder Stone Formation Due to IUD Migration: A Rare Case

Background: Intrauterine Device (IUD) Multiload 375 is a method of contraception widely used worldwide. One of the rare complications is that the IUD punctures the uterus and moves into the bladder. Common manifestations are recurrent urinary tract infections and bladder stones. A long-term and neglected IUD increases the risk of uterine perforation and migration to other organs. Diagnosis: Clinical history, Cystoscopy, Transvaginal Ultrasound (US) or Computed Tomography helps confirm the diagnosis. Case Report: We report successful surgical treatment of a 39-year-old woman who neglected to insert a Multiload 375 IUD for 16 years, but still experienced 2 subsequent vaginal deliveries and eventually developed UTI. Bladder stone formation caused by the passage of the Multiload 375 intrauterine device through the bladder. Conclusions: Urologists should consider bladder foreign bodies as a displaced IUD in women with recurrent lower urinary tract infections or bladder stones, with a history of IUD use. The moving IUD needs to be removed through cystoscopy, laparoscopy, or open surgery. Proper monitoring and education for women’s health before and after IUD insertion helps to detect complications in a timely manner.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy as monotherapy for vesical calculi

BackgroundExtracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a well-established non-surgical treatment of urolithiasis. ESWL as a monotherapy to treat vesical calculi is still unfamiliar among many urologists, despite its early introduction in the 1990’s. ESWL monotherapy for vesical calculi was performed in our study in a unique fashion in supine position with full bladder unlike any other previous reported studies.MethodsWe aimed this study to report our experience with ESWL as a monotherapy in treating urinary bladder stones with a unique technique. A total of 29 patients with vesical calculi were treated with ESWL monotherapy from May 2021 to January 2023 using Dornier delta lithotripter in the supine position with the full bladder without per urethral catheterisation. Patients with stone size > 2.5cm or Hounsfield units > 1200 were excluded. Stone clearance was assessed with the help of fluoroscopy and ultrasonography on a second visit on day 7 after the procedure. Patients were followed up for 3 months.ResultsThe mean size of vesical calculus was 1.6 cm (SD 0.32), and the mean Hounsfield unit was 940 HU (SD 86.61). None of the study subjects required surgical intervention. The stone clearance was obtained in 93.1% after a single session. The remaining two patients (6.9%) required one more session of ESWL following which stone clearance was obtained. One patient had acute urinary retention, and five (17.2%) patients had mild haematuria.ConclusionESWL monotherapy is a safe and effective treatment option for vesical calculi, with minimal or no patient discomfort, when done in supine position without routine per urethral catheterisation as described in the study. It should be considered more often by practicing urologists for vesical calculi.

Common complications of transurethral pneumatic lithotripsy in children with bladder stone disease at a Tertiary care Hospital HMC Peshawar

Background: Medical literature has long documented the occurrence of urinary bladder stones. The Hippocratic oath's declaration that "I will not cut for bladder stone, even for patients in whom the disease is manifest1,2" contains the oldest mention of bladder stones. This study will give us the most recent data on the frequency of erectile dysfunction and retrograde ejaculation among patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia following a two-month course of treatment with dutasteride and tamsulosin, as no such study has been carried out in our population in the previous five years. Furthermore, the study's findings will be shared with other medical professionals and used in future investigations. Objective: to assess the prevalence of transurethral pneumatic lithotripsy consequences in children with bladder stone illness Study design: a descriptive study Duration and place of study: from July 1, 2022, to June 30, 2023, from the Department of Urology, hmc, Peshawar Methodology: 369 kids with bladder stones were the subjects of this research, which ran from July 1, 2022, to June 30, 2023, at the Department of Urology, HMC, Peshawar. A suitable nonprobability sampling approach was used in the selection process. All the stones were broken up using a paediatric straight working channel, a pneumatic Swiss lithoclast, and a cystoscope. In SPSS 22, data analysis was done. Results: The research sample had a mean age of 7 years, SD = 8.43. 32% of patients were female, and 68% were male. Common complications were bladder perforation, which affected 5% of patients; hematuria, which involved 7% of patients; acute urine retention, which involved 4% of patients; and fever, which affected 7% of patients. Conclusion: According to our research, bladder perforation occurred 5% of the time after transurethral pneumatic lithotripsy, hematuria 7% of the time, acute urine retention 4% of the time, and fever 7% of the time in children with bladder stone illness. Keyword: complications, transurethral pneumatic lithotripsy, pediatric bladder stone diseases

Mean Operative Time And Stay In Hospital Between Transurethral Removal Using Nephroscope And Percutaneous Cyst-lithotripsy In The Treatment Of Large Bladder Calculi

Background: urinary bladder stones comprise 5% of cases of urolithiasis1, with single calculi being identified in most instances but numerous calculi in 25% of cases2. With the development of endourological fiberoptic equipment and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (swl), there have been notable modifications to managing and treating vescicolithiasis3. Thanks to this Study, we shall know the local amount of hospital stay and operating time between the two operations. We will suggest the method that results in a shorter surgical time and a shorter hospital stay since both have been successfully documented in the literature. Objective: to compare the length of hospital stay and average operating time for transurethral removal of big bladder calculi using a nephroscope with percutaneous cystolithotripsy. Study design : A randomized controlled trial Duration and place of study: from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020, at the Department of Urology, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Transplant, Peshawar Methodology: The Study used a randomized controlled trial (RCT) strategy, examining 60 individuals (30 in each group). The study covered all patients aged 20 to 65 years, female or male, presenting with bladder stones larger than 3 cm and with any number of rocks. All of the individuals who presented with renal insufficiency (defined as creatinine more than 3 mg/dl), active renal tract infection (defined as a fever greater than 38.5°c and positive urine culture), and obesity (defined as BMI greater than 30) were not included in the Study. The included patients were split into two groups using permitted blocks and blocked randomization. Patients in group b had percutaneous cystolithotripsy, whereas patients in group A underwent transurethral removal using a nephroscope. Following the operation, the length of hospital stay was calculated by tracking each patient until they decided to be discharged. After entering all of the data on the proforma into the statistical program SPSS version 23.0, a comparison analysis was carried out. Results: according to our analysis, nine patients (30%) in group A were between the ages of 20 and 40, and 21 patients (70%) were between the ages of 41 and 65. In contrast, 15 (50%) patients in group b were between 20 and 40, and 15 (50%) were between 41 and 65. Seven patients (23%) and 23 patients (77%) in Group A were female, and in contrast, six patients (20%) and 24 patients (80%) in Group B were female. Group A had an average surgical duration of 35.06 minutes (sd ± 5) and an average hospital stay of 2.6 days (sd ± 0.9). In contrast, group b saw an average surgical duration of 44.06 minutes (sd ± 7) and an average hospital stay of 3.4 days (sd ± 1.02). Conclusion: The Results Of Our Study Indicate That, When Treating Big Bladder Calculi, Transurethral Removal With A Nephroscope Had A Shorter Mean Operation Time And Hospital Stay Than Percutaneous Cystolithotripsy. Keywords: Mean Operative Time, Hospital Stay, Nephroscope, Percutaneous Cystolithotripsy, Bladder

Giant urinary bladder stone: an uncommon cause of anuria

Giant urinary bladder stone: an uncommon cause of anuria

A guide to diagnosing and treating benign prostatic hypertrophy.

Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is a condition where the prostate becomes enlarged. It affects all men and is part of the ageing process. Globally, the incidence rates of BPH have risen by 70% between 2000-2019. When left untreated, it can lead to acute urinary retention, impaired bladder emptying, urinary tract infections, bladder stones, kidney failure or gross haematuria. In this article, Linda Nazarko describes the causes and consequences of BPH along with treatment options that are available for it.

Analysis of outcome of prostatic UroLift placement in benign prostatic hyperplasia in a district hospital

Aims and Objective: To analyse the outcome of prostatic UroLift (PUL) placement done at our hospital for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Materials and Methods: Demographic and perioperative data were collected for all patients who underwent PUL placement for BPH at out hospital from December 2017 to January 2020. International prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), maximum urinary flow rate (Q-max), complications and requirement of auxiliary procedures were noted till date. Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the pre- and post-operative parameters. Results: A total of 45 patients underwent PUL placement and were followed up for a median period of 26 months (range 14–37 months). The median age of the patients and prostate volume were 76 years (range 54–90 years) and 50 mL (range 30–70 mL), respectively. Five patients had median lobe. An average of 3.2 ± 1.1 clips were placed. The mean IPSS, QoL and Q-max in the pre-operative and latest follow-up period were 19.3 ± 5.9 and 11.1 ± 5.6 ( p < 0.001), 4.3 ± 1.1 and 2.5 ± 1.4 ( p < 0.001), 9.8 ± 5.0 mL/s and 12.8 ± 6.2 mL/s ( p = 0.004), respectively. Complications were dysuria (one patient, 2.2%), urinary tract infection (one patient, 2.2%), haematuria (one patient, 2.2%), transient urinary retention (two patients, 4.4%), post-void dribbling (two patients, 4.4%), bladder stone (one patient, 2.2%) and clip migration (one patient 2.2%). Six patients (13.3%) required auxiliary treatment in follow-up. Conclusion: PUL placement improved the IPSS, QoL and Q-max significantly over a median follow-up of 26 months with retreatment rate of 13.3%. It is a safe procedure with few easily manageable complications. Level of evidence: Not applicable

Giant vesical calculus associated with staghorn calculus

Introduction: Large vesical calculi are rare conditions in urology due to the advancement of image exams in the last decade. Urinary bladder stones represent 5% of all urinary tract calculi and large calculi are defined as weighing more than 100 grams. Case Report: We report the case of a 56-year-old man with large vesical calculus measuring 17 × 13 × 16 cm (weight of 2730 g) in association with renal exclusion due to staghorn calculus in the right kidney and bilateral uretero-hydronephrosis due to bladder obstruction. Conclusion: Computed tomography stands as the exam of choice to diagnose and delimit any urinary calculi. Open surgery is preferred for large vesical stones and bladder outlet obstruction must be investigated, especially in men to exclude prostate increase.

V03-12 CLEAN INTERMITTENT CATHETERIZATION: A PATIENT EDUCATION VIDEO

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023V03-12 CLEAN INTERMITTENT CATHETERIZATION: A PATIENT EDUCATION VIDEO Yu Zheng, Victoria Norausky, Iryna Crescenze, and Anne Cameron Yu ZhengYu Zheng More articles by this author , Victoria NorauskyVictoria Norausky More articles by this author , Iryna CrescenzeIryna Crescenze More articles by this author , and Anne CameronAnne Cameron More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003241.12AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) was first described in 1972 by urologist Jack Lapides and continues to be the preferred method of bladder management for patients who cannot safely empty their bladder independently. CIC is usually taught by nursing staff in the clinic, but patients often need additional visits to reinforce catheterization techniques for them to perform CIC independently. Here we present a patient-focused educational video reviewing the process of CIC. METHODS: With the assistance of nursing staff and an animation team, we developed a 7-minute patient-focused education video that reviews the process of CIC. The script was developed for the audience at a 5th grade reading level. We used similar terminology that the nursing staff would use with patients when they are teaching CIC. RESULTS: We developed a 7-minute patient-focused education video that reviews proper techniques require for patietns to perform CIC. Additionally, the video reinforces why some patients need to perform CIC and discusses the decreased risk of urinary tract injections, bladder stones, and urethral erosion for patients whose bladders are managed with CIC compared to bladder management with a foley catheter or a suprapubic tube. Furthermore, we explain the French sizing system of catheters and various commercially available catheters including coude tipped catheters and self-lubricating catheters. Lastly, we suggest useful techniques patients can use if they have trouble with catheterization. This includes holding the penis on stretch or using a coude catheter in men and positioning techniques and mirrors to help females find their urethral opening. CONCLUSIONS: CIC is the preferred method for bladder management in patients who cannot safely empty their bladder independently. Our patient friendly video can reinforce techniques for CIC and answer several questions on CIC that patients may have forgotten to ask during their clinic visit to learn CIC. Source of Funding: Craig Nielsen Foundation © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e249 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Yu Zheng More articles by this author Victoria Norausky More articles by this author Iryna Crescenze More articles by this author Anne Cameron More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Comparison of percutaneous vs. open cystolithotomy for urinary bladder stone in pediatric population

Introduction: Urinary Bladder stone can result in variety of lower urinary tract symptoms. Bladder stone is common in extreme of ages i.e. pediatric population and geriatic population. Overall prevelance of the disease is not that high. With increase in health care facilities and screening investigations like ultrasound, this condition is easily diagnosed. Traditionally just like renal or ureteric stones open cystolithotomy was the treatment of choice but with advancement in endourological instruments and miniturization it is now frequently dealt by minimally invasive techniques like percutaneous cystolithotomy. The aim of our study was to compare the results of urinary bladder stone surgical managements. Methods: After ERC approval we conducted this descriptive retrospective study. For data collection record of pediatric patients admitted in Urology Unit, Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar Pakistan during the period from April 2022 to January 2023 was used. 110 pediatric patients with urinary bladder (UB) stones who underwent surgery were enrolled in our study. According to type of intervention, patients were stratified into two groups, (Group O) underwent open cystolithotomy, and (Group P) underwent endo-urological treatment via the percutaneous route.60 patients underwent open cystolithotomy (OCL), while 50 patients underwent percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCL).

Urinary Bladder Stone: A Late Complication of Bulkamid® Periurethral Bulking Injection

Polyacrylamide hydrogel bulking agent (Bulkamid® [Axonics, Irvine, California, USA]) injection is used as a minimally invasive treatment for stress and mixed urinary incontinence in females. Several studies have demonstrated the short- and medium-term efficacy and safety of Bulkamid. However, there are limited data available on the long-term safety of this procedure. The authors report an unexpected and late complication associated with Bulkamid periurethral injection. An 80-year-old female, who had undergone Bulkamid periurethral injection for stress urinary incontinence 10 years previously, was referred to the authors’ clinic with recurrent lower urinary tract symptoms and dysuria. Investigations with ultrasound and cystoscopy confirmed a single 2 cm bladder stone adhered to an exposed Bulkamid agent at its injection site. Exposed intravesical Bulkamid can act as a foreign body with lithogenic potential to cause urinary bladder stone formation. This article highlights urinary bladder stone formation as a late potential complication of Bulkamid periurethral injection.

Giant urinary bladder stones, disease of underserved area - The largest case series

Giant urinary bladder stone is defined as a stone weight of more than 100 grams, and more than four centimeters in its longest diameter. It is a rare finding in the current urology practice. To our knowledge, this is the first giant bladder stone series reported in adult Sudanese patients. And it is the longest series worldwide. Here, we report four males with bladder stones (BS) seen in one year. The youngest one was 35 years, and the oldest one was 73 years. Clinical presentation was lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in all cases. One of them was schizophrenic and presented with storage symptoms. Ultrasonography (USS) was done in all cases, and plain x-ray KUB was done in one case. Cystoscopy is done in one case. One of them has obstructing prostate lobes and strawberry stone, he had vesicolithotomy (VL) and transvesical prostatectomy (TVP) simultaneously. All patients underwent open VL. In one of them operation was done under general anesthesia, and three were done under spinal anesthesia. Two of them had vesicocutaeous fistula (VCF), one healed in three months and the other in three weeks. The rest two had an uneventful postoperative course. One of them had a renal impairment that normalized following surgery.

Pharmacological approach on kalanchoe pinnata – a concise report

The herbal extract of different parts of the kalanchoe pinnata plant are being used for the treatment of injuries, respiratory infections, diabetes, wound healing, diabetic wound healing, bug stings, and pain and inflammation. This genus has about 125 species. Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, macro elements, microelements, iron, zinc, vitamins, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, thiamine, and niacin are all present in the plant. It is mainly used in treatment of urinary bladder stones, diarrhea, cold, coughs, fever, headache, pain. It has wide pharmacological properties such as antihypertensive, anti-mutagenic, antibacterial, wound healing, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and antioxidant activities.

An institutional review of endoscopic and open technique in the management of vesical calculus: a retrospective study

Background: Vesical calculus means urolith in bladder. Cystolithotomy is the traditional treatment, but a percutaneous approach has been advocated. The objective was to compare open cystolithotomy with perurethral cystolithotripsy and suprapubic percutaneous cystolithotripsyused in the treatment of bladder stones.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among 100 patients of bladder stone treated at a tertiary centre in Eastern Nepal from January 2014 to December 2019 who underwent open cystolithotomy and endoscopic procedures (perurethral cystolithotripsy and suprapubic percutaneous cystolithotripsy). Data were analysed using SPSS version 11.5 at p value less than 0.05 taken as significant.Results: Statistical significant difference was observed in operating time, duration of catheterization and duration of hospital stay in both open and endoscopic management of vesical calculus (p value=0.0001). General complications were observed in 90% cases of open cystolithotomy and 33.9% cases of endoscopic procedure respectively.Conclusions: Endoscopic procedure is safe and efficacious method of urinary bladder stone removal with low incidence of complications.

Causes of the Primary Urinary Bladder Stones in Children and their Prevension in Population of Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan

Introduction: History of the stone disease dates back to ancient Egyptian era. Stones involving the urinary bladder are usually 5% of the disease burden. In the Europe and America prevalence of primary bladder stones is decreased significantly in the recent ere but it is still common in developing nations including Pakistan. Materials and methods: We retrospectively collected the data from the parents of the affected children during the follow up. We took the detailed interview regarding the amount of water used by the child, amount and type of milk given and type of food given to the child. Results: We were operated 148 children with the bladder stones in the department of urology DHQ-TH D.I. Khan. There were 117 (79.05%) boys and 31 (20.94%) girls. The children below the 5 years of age were 101 (68.24%).139 (94%) of the patients belonged to the rural areas of the D.I. Khan. There were 132 (89.19%) children those were malnourished. The duration of breast feeding was approximately 12 to 15 months. They started the weaning at 7–8 months with the wheat bread and tea and also added the potatoes in the diet. With increasing age they added the pulses and the vegetables. Only 10.81% of the parents given the child meat, eggs and milk in the diet. 104 (70.27%) of the children were dehydrated. Conclusion: The risk factors for primary bladder stones in the children are multifactorial. Important factors are dehydration, low protein diet and foods deficient in phosphate contents. Keyword: Primary Bladder Stones; Children; Pakistan; Risk Factors.

A Rare Case Report of Giant Urinary Bladder Stone Causing Recurrent Dysuria in a Woman

Background Large urinary bladder stones are not common and even less common in females. We report a case of large bladder stone presented with acute retention of urine in a female patient. Case Report. A 62-year-old female presented in emergency department with retention of urine for 12 hours with history of recurrent UTIs for last 1 year. She was also complaining of mild dull lower abdominal pain for last 6 months. She had no history of incontinence of urine and fever. On physical examination, hard mass was palpable on suprapubic region on palpation of abdomen. Urine culture shows Escherichia coli for which antibiotics was given. An X-ray kidney ureter bladder showed a radio-opacity in the pelvic region measuring 9 × 8 cm in size. Ultrasonography revealed bilateral mild hydronephrosis with a large bladder stone. Open cystolithotomy was performed, and the stone was taken out. Stone biochemical analysis showed predominantly urate crystals. Patient had uneventful postoperative course, and she was discharged on 4th postoperative day and was followed up for 1 months after operation. Conclusions Large urinary bladder stones are not common and even less common in females. Clinician should have think regarding large bladder stone as a cause of recurrent lower urinary tract symptoms like dysuria and should assess renal function for proper treatment. Open cystolithotomy is choice of operation in large bladder stone.