Urinary Bladder Calculi Research Articles

Consideration of Comparing Empirical and Evidence-Based Knowledge on Nephrology in the Example of Ahi Çelebi's Fifteenth Century Turkish Treatise on the Urinary Calculus.

The objective of the study is to discuss the question, "how did physicians come to grasp some facts in the absence of scientific experimentation and medical technology?" within the framework of examples from Ahı? Ahmed Çelebi's fifteenth century Turkish treatise on the urinary calculus. Çelebi's monograph on the urinary calculus in the kidneys and the bladder written in Turkish in Arabic alphabet is transliterated and studied within the framework of the medical theory of the period. The sample information for this study was randomly chosen. Examples of epidemiological information, diets against urinary calculus formation, diagnoses of kidney and urinary bladder calculi, and symptomatic therapies noted in Çelebi's treatise are discussed, with results briefly compared with today's data. The study of Çelebi's treatise shows that it was possible to reach some medical facts with the methods of the period.

BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF URINE IN PATIENTS WITH URINARY BLADDER CALCULI

Introduction:- Urinary bladder calculi is a most commonly encountered urological problem. The association of urinary bladder calculi and urinary tract infection is well known. In this study we aim to look at the bacteriological prole of urine in patients with urinary bladder calculi. Aims:- To look for the bacteriological prole of urine in patients with urinary bladder calculi. Methods:- The present study carried out in department of surgery, Silchar Medical College and Hospital in patients with urinary bladder calculi. Diagnosis of urinary bladder calculi was conrmed and a complete assessment of patients was done. A morning mid stream urine collected in a sterile container and sent to department of microbiology at Silchar medical college & hospital to look at the bacteriological ora of urine. Then, the bacteriological prole of urine studied. It is a prospective observational study for 6months (1st April, 2022 to 30th September, 2022) in the Department of surgery, Silchar Medical College and Hospital Results and Discussion :– Majority of the patients were from 51-60 age group (27.42%) and most of the patients were male (83.87%). Majority belonged to rural areas (88.71%) and to the lower socio-economic class (54.84%). Most commomly found organism in urine culture was E.coli (38.71% cases), followed by Klebsiella (20.97% cases). Burning micturation was found to be the most common presenting symptom (93.55% cases). Associated illness were found to be BPH, Phimosis, Stricture urethra, Meatal stenosis, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, and Anaemia. Conclusion:- Urinary bladder calculi is commonly seen in elderly males of lower socio-economic status people. Burning Micturition was the most common presenting symptom. E.coli was found to be the most common causative organism found on urine analysis.

Litiasis vesical gigante recurrente en el adulto. Reporte de un caso

The occurrence of cases of giant urinary stones considered has diminished significantly in its frequency since the advent of antibiotics and the appropriate control of urinary tract infections. The diagnosis of them is based on symptomatology and imaging studies. We present a case of a 59-year-old man with recurrent giant bladder stones. The patient was diagnosed with two vesical stones after performing a computerized axial tomography of the urinary system and later a cystolithotomy was performed to remove stones of up to 1,435 g. The morphoconstitutional analysis of the calculus revealed brushite, carbapatite and struvite as main components. The metabolic evaluation indicated the presence of hypocitraturia and hyperoxaluria.  This is the first report in the country of a giant lithiasis  in which the composition of the stones indicate infectious processes as the possible causes of formation. Key words:  Urinary Bladder Calculi, Urinary Tract Infections

Comparison Of Prevalence Of Stress Incontinence Among Multiparous And Primiparous Women After One Year Of Delivery

Objective: To find out and compare the frequency of Stress Urinary Incontinence among multiparous and primiparous women.Place of Study: Nishter Hospital, Multan.Study Design: A Cross-Sectional Study.Duration of Study: Sept 2021 to Dec 2021Methodology: After permission from the institutional review committee of Nishter Medical University, Multan, a hospital-based, face-to-face, cross-sectional study was carried out by employing 250 participants as a sample size. The convenience sampling technique was utilized for the recruitment of participants from Nishter Hospital, Multan. All the patients visiting the OPD of the Gynecology department after approximately one year of the last delivery were included in the study. Participants with red flags including urinary tract infection, bladder calculus, prostatic hyperplasia, and neoplasm were omitted from the survey. Data was collected by using a well-developed questionnaire for prevalence containing questions pertaining to age, parity, and symptoms like Loss of urine while, lifting weights, exercising, coughing, sneezing, laughing, and during sexual intercourse to find out the association of symptoms with the parity status of the women. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21 was used to analyze the data. The chi-square test was used to assess the association between urinary incontinence and parity.Results: In this study, 57 women had single children, 39 women had two children, 47 had three children and 107 women had >3 children. Of the women who reported the loss of urine while lifting weights 17.5% (primiparous), 30.8 % (2 children), 36.2 % (3 children), and 47.6% were multiparous. The primiparous Women who reported urine leakage during exercise were 12.2% and multiparous was 30.8%. 17.7% of women >3 children stated un-intentional loss of urine during coughing, sneezing, or laughing while only 8.8% primiparous reported the un-intentional urine loss. During sexual intercourse none of the primiparous experienced leakage of urine while 4.6% of multiparous complained about the loss of urine during sexual intercourse.Conclusion: The prevalence of stress urinary incontinence is strongly associated with the parity status of women.

ACTIVITY BASED COSTING METHOD IN DETERMINING UNIT COST OF LITHOTRIPSY FOR TREATMENT OF URINARY BLADDER CALCULUS AT VITA INSANI HOSPITAL PEMATANGSIANTAR

Objective: To determine the unit cost of lithotripsy for treatment of urinary bladder calculus at Vita Insani Hospital Pematangsiantar. Material & Methods: This study is a descriptive quantitative study, in which the data was obtained from the finance division of Vita Insani Hospital. The research object is the unit cost of accommodation that occurs in patients with urinary bladder calculus with lithotripsy cases from January 2020 to December 2020. Results: The unit cost of lithotripsy for urinary bladder calculus services at Vita Insani Hospital Pematangsiantar which is calculated using the activity-based costing (ABC) method is Rp 4.167.009. There is a difference in cost among the ABC method, hospital calculations, and INA CBG’s rates with the following details: the amount calculated for the hospital is Rp 4.996.718, while the calculation using ABC method is Rp 4.167.009; the difference in costs is Rp 829.709. INA CBG’s rates Rp 6.137.500, and compared to calculation of hospital, the difference cost is Rp 1.140.782. Compared to the INA CBG’s rates, to the unit cost of the ABC method, there is a difference, amounting Rp 1.970.491. Conclusion: The results of unit cost lithotripsy for treatment of urinary bladder calculus through the ABC method are lower compared to hospital calculation and INA CBG’s rates.

Urinary Bladder Calculus as a Rare Cause of Obstructed Labour: A Series of Three Rare Cases

Obstructed labour by large urinary bladder stones is one of the rare complications. Very small number of cases have been described in available literature. The diagnosis is generally based on the history of patient, their clinical evaluation and ultrasonography scans during pregnancy. Majority of antenatal cases in rural areas come first time in Primary Healthcare Centre (PHC) with labour pain and usually without any previous ultrasound scans. These cases are referred to higher centres due to prolonged obstructed labour. Although rare, but one should consider a large urinary bladder calculus as a cause of obstructed labour as early diagnosis and timely management of urinary bladder stones can prevent various complications like mechanical dystocia and Vesico-vaginal Fistula (VVF). Here authors report three cases of a large urinary bladder calculus causing obstructed labour. Caesarean section was done for obstructed labour and cystolithotomy was performed simultaneously in all three cases.

Hanging bladder stone due to misplaced surgical suture several years after hysterectomy: A case report.

Introduction and importanceUrinary bladder calculi are rarely seen in women and any history of previous pelvic surgery must, therefore, raise suspicion of an iatrogenic etiology. The incidence of iatrogenic foreign bodies rise recently due to increasing number of surgical procedure. According to the literature, fewer than 2% of all bladder calculi occur in female subjects and, thus, their presence should provoke careful assessment of the etiology. There have been a number of reports on bladder calculi in women with a history of gynecologic procedures. We report a case of bladder calculus after hysterectomy that was treated successfully by open surgery.Case presentationA 54 year old lady with dysuria, had a history of urinary stone for one last year. She was complaining hematuria. She had radical hysterectomy 20 years ago and cystoscopy Lithotripsy because of bladder stone a year ago. Physical examination was unremarkable. Abdominal CT scan with contrast had revealed multiple vesicolithiasis and irregular calcifications attached to the superior aspect of vesical urinary.Clinical discussionCystoscopic evaluation was performed and confirmed presence of calculi forming around several surgical sutures fixed to the bladder wall. The intravesical calculus had developed from non-absorbable sutures and hung on the dome of the urinary bladder. The stone and residuum of the suture were retrieved by performing an open surgery.ConclusionThe presence of an intravesical stone should be suspected in patients with a history of hysterectomy who have symptoms in the lower urinary tract. A hanging stone on the dome of the urinary bladder implies that non absorbable suture materials intrusion into the urinary bladder. The complication can be prevented by the routine use of absorbable material and doublechecking with cystoscopy.

Giant Bladder Calculus in an Adult- A Persistent Problem in the Developing World: A Case Report.

IntroductionGiant urinary bladder calculus in an adult is an uncommon entity. The number of patients with giant bladder calculi has decreased over recent years owing to wider availability of healthcare and better diagnostic modalities.Case ReportWe present a case of a young adult without any history of recurrent urinary tract infections or bladder outlet obstruction with giant vesical calculus who presented to the emergency department with gross hematuria, abdominal pain, and dysuria. Investigations revealed a large calculus in the urinary bladder, and suprapubic cystolithotomy was performed. A large stone of 6.5×6×5.5 centimeters, weighing 125 grams, was removed. On follow-up, the patient was free of any symptoms and cystoscopy was normal.ConclusionUrinary outflow obstruction must be ruled out in all patients with giant vesical calculus. Patients without any predisposing condition should be treated as a separate entity and evaluated accordingly. Multiple surgical treatment modalities are available for bladder calculus patients. Treatment is personalised as per size of stone, number of stones, and associated comorbidities.

Retrospective Analysis of Lower Urinary Tract Disorders in Dogs: Study of Five Years

Background: The data pertaining to the lower urinary tract disorders in dogs in India is very merge. This retrospective analysis presents a retrospective analysis of incidence of affections of lower urinary tract in dogs. Methods: The cases of different affections of lower urinary tract presented at the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during April-2012 to March-2017 were screened and detailed information regarding age, sex and breed were collected and analysed to calculate percentage of incidence of different affections of lower urinary tract viz., surgical affections and non-surgical affection. Conclusions: Total 24319 cases of lower urinary tract affections in dogs were registered. Among them 5854 (24.07 %) surgical cases comprising urolithiasis (81, 76.42 %), bladder neoplasia (25, 23.58 %) and 18465 (75.93 %) non-surgical affections with cystitis (176, 0.95 %) cases. The highest incidence of urolithiasis was 25.93 per cent in the year 2014-15 and in 7 to 9 years aged dogs (35.80 %). The sex wise per cent incidence was higher in male (72.84) than female (27.16). The urinary bladder calculi was the highest (72.84 %) followed by the urethra (16.05 %) and both the locations (11.11 %). The year wise highest per cent incidence of cystitis was recorded for the year 2015-16 (52.27). The age wise per cent incidence of cystitis was equally higher 28.98 in the age groups of 7 to 9 and 10 to 12 years, each. The year wise the highest per cent incidence of neoplasia of urinary bladder (TCC) in dogs was 52.00 for the year 2015-2016. The age wise percent incidence of neoplasia of urinary bladder was the highest in 7 to 9 years age groups (36.00). The sex wise per cent incidence for neoplasia in urinary bladder was higher in male (64.00) than female (36.00). The breed wise highest per cent incidence of urolithiasis was in Pomeranian (25.93), cystitis in Pug (28.41) and neoplasia of bladder (TCC) Labrador and Pug (20.00, each).

Comparative study of ultrasound and computerized tomography for nephrolithiasis detection

Background: There is a lack of consensus about whether the initial imaging method for patients with suspected nephrolithiasis should be computed tomography (CT) or ultrasonography. Material and Methods: A total of 130 patients’ USG and CTU were compared for the presence of calculi. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of USG were calculated with CTU as the gold standard. Results: From the 150 sets of data collected, 45 calculi were detected on both USG and CTU. The sensitivity and specificity of renal calculi detection on USG were 53% and 85% respectively. The mean size of the renal calculus detected on USG was 6.8 mm ± 3.8 mm and the mean size of the renal calculus not visualized on USG but detected on CTU was 3.5 mm ± 2.7 mm. The sensitivity and specificity of ureteric calculi detection on USG were 12% and 97% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of urinary bladder calculi detection on USG were 20% and 100% respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the accuracy of US in detecting renal, ureteric and urinary bladder calculi were 68%, 80% And 99% Respectively.

Urolithiasis in post renal transplant recipients: Case series

Renal transplantation represents the optimal management option for end-stage renal disease. it is associated with favourable outcome. Urolithiasis after renal transplant is an extremely rare condition, with an incidence less than 1% after renal transplantation.We reported six post renal transplant patients who had renal stones. The stones located in the transplanted kidney, its ureter or both. Transplanted kidney and ureteric stones had been reported 2 – 3 years after transplantation, while the urinary bladder calculi reported 8 – 10 years after transplantation, at the site of ureteral implantation to the bladder over the site of sutures and in the absence of any post-transplant complications. A written consent has been signed by the patient to release information for this study. The treatment was individualized for each patient. Interestingly, one patient with asymptomatic post-transplant renal stone needs no intervention “we watched and see” and he passed the stone within shortest follow up period that confirmed by ultrasound examination. Others, underwent extracorporeal wave lithotripsy or percutaneous nephrostomy and antegrade double-J stent insertion.

Recurrent urinary tract infection due to large urinary bladder calculus in a 6-year-old child

Urinary bladder calculus is an uncommon presentation in the tropics, especially in children. Large (>2.5 cm) or giant bladder stones are rare and are more common in males due to higher incidence of lower urinary tract obstruction. Ultrasonography and plain radiography play an important role in the diagnosis of urinary bladder stone as well as evaluation for complications that may be associated with this condition. A 6-year-old boy presented with a 3-month history of abdominal pain and dysuria. He was treated with antibiotics on several occasions in a rural health center with no satisfactory improvement of his symptoms. Ultrasound and intravenous urography showed a huge oval urinary bladder calculus measuring 4.5 cm × 4.2 cm × 4.0 cm with moderate bilateral hydronephrosis. We presented a rare case of large bladder calculus in a 6-year-old boy with recurrent urinary tract infection highlighting the role of ultrasonography and excretory urography in the management.

Clinical analysis of intrauterine device ectopic into bladder and formation bladder stones

Objective To explore the cause diagnosis and treatment of bladder stones that caused by intrauterine device ectopic. Methods The clinical data of 24 patients with intrauterine device ectopic to bladder and formation bladder stones in our hospital from January 2007 to October 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used for analysis. Results The age of the patients ranged from 30 to 67 years, average age was(40.12±2.24)years. The time of intrauterine device placement, postpartum 3-20 months, average (7.01±1.03)months. The time between implantation of intrauterine device and diagnosis of bladder stones was 5 to 24 years, average (8.12±2.12)years. CRP 6-40 mg/L, average(15.12±1.21)mg/L. Urinary leukocytes were 80-348 /UL, average (150.51 ±1.83)/UL. Creatinine was 70-127 μmol/L, average (95.21±2.31)μmol/L. Stones size was 1.0-5.4 cm, average (1.82±0.15)cm. Frequent micturition, urgent urination odynuria were 24 cases. Lower abdomen pains were 15 cases.There were 18 cases of hematuria, 2 cases of fever, 16 cases of dyspareunia, 10 cases of complete ectopic, 14 cases of partial ectopic(more than 1/2 of the intrauterine device entering the bladder part). Transurethral urethral cystoscope holmium laser lithotripsy and removal of foreign body forceps intrauterine device were 23 cases, suprapubic cystolithotomy was 1 case. Conclusions Intrauterine device ectopic to bladder and formation bladder stones is one of the important complications of intrauterine device. Frequent micturition, urgent urination odynuria, lower abdomen pains, dyspareunia and hematuria are the main clinical manifestations. CT and 3D reconstruction of urinary system are important methods for diagnosis of localization and qualitative. Transurethral urethral cystoscope holmium laser lithotripsy and removal of foreign body forceps intrauterine device is a safe and feasible minimally invasive treatment, which is worthy of clinical application. Key words: Intrauterine Devices; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder Calculi

Technique, complications, and outcomes of pediatric urolithiasis management at a tertiary care hospital: evolving paradigms over the last 15 years

Despite technological advancements, there is lack of consensus for the standard treatment modalities for pediatric urolithiasis. The primary objective was to review the management of pediatric urolithiasis over the last 15 years in terms of technical modifications, surgical outcomes, and complications. The secondary objective was to compare the efficacy and outcomes of standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and mini-PCNL for renal and upper ureteric calculi. Medical records of all patients aged <18 years who presented to the authors' tertiary care hospital in northern India between August 2003 and December 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Before 2010, all PCNLs performed were standard PCNL, whereas after 2010, most PCNLs performed were mini-PCNL. Thus, the patients were divided into two groups: group A (patients up to 2010) and group B (patients after 2010). These were compared for the type of treatment, success rate, and complications. The outcomes of surgical management of lower ureteric and vesical calculi were also reviewed. During this period, there were 580 children with urolithiasis (677 stone sites). There were 265 patients (321 stone sites) in group A and 315 patients (356 stone sites) in group B. The median age was seven years (range: 3-18 years). The most common location of calculus was the collecting system of the kidney (n=398, 58.8%). A total of 175 stone sites (25.8%) were located in the ureter. Urinary bladder calculi were seen in 43 (6.4%) patients. Multiple stones were seen in 61 sites (9.0%). A total of 115 patients in group A underwent standard PCNL, whereas in group B, nine patients underwent standard PCNL and 129 underwent mini-PCNL. Group B had a significantly higher stone clearance rate for mini-PCNL (P<0.001). Minor complications (grades 1 and 2) accounted for a majority of overall complications in both groups (87.5% in group A and 94.9% in group B). Mini-PCNL is an excellent option for renal calculi in children as it offers dual advantages of improved stone clearance and reduced major complications such as bleeding. Ureteroscopic lithotripsy has been established as the standard for small lower ureteric calculi. For renal and upper ureteric calculi, mini-PCNL has evolved as standard technique with a high stone-free rate and minimum complications compared with standard PCNL. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy and ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL)/retrograde intrarenal surgery are acceptable alternatives for smaller stone burden. For lower ureteric and vesical calculi, retrograde approaches such as cystolithotripsy and URSL have now become the standard of care.

The efficacy of benign prostatic hyperplasia combined with different lithotripsy in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia complicated with bladder stones and its effect on symptom score and quality of life

Objective To investigate the efficacy of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) combined with different lithotripsy in the treatment of BPH with bladder stones and its effect on symptom score and quality of life. Methods From December 2015 to June 2017, 92 patients with BPH complicated with bladder stones admitted to our hospital were selected as subjects. According to the treatment mode given by the patients, they were divided into two groups. The observation group were treated with transurethral hyperplasia of the prostate combined with holmium laser lithotripsy, and the control group were treated with transurethral prostate hyperplasia combined with pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy. The international scores of prostate symptoms (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), residual urine volume (RUV), physiological state, mental state, and subjective judgment scores were calculated before and after surgery. The incidence of postoperative complications in the two groups was statistically compared. Results There were no significant differences in IPSS score Qmax, RUV, physiological status, mental status, social function status, and subjective judgment score between the two groups (P>0.05). The IPSS scores and RUV of the two groups were lower than those of the preoperative group, and the IPSS score and RUV of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The Qmax, physiological status, mental state, social function status, and subjective judgment scores of the two groups were significantly improved after surgery, and the scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Prostatic hyperplasia combined with holmium laser lithotripsy is effective in the treatment of BPH with bladder stones. The incidence of postoperative complications is low, and the quality of life of patients is improved. Key words: Prostatic Hyperplasia; Urinary Bladder Calculi; Lithotripsy; Quality of Life

Clinical value of suprapubic Trocar puncture lithotripsy in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and bladder stones

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of suprapubic Trocar puncture lithotripsy in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and bladder stones. Methods From February 2016 to August 2018, 60 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and bladder stones in the Second Hospital of Pujiang County were randomly selected.The patients were divided into transurethral prostatic bipolarplasma electrotomy group(control group, 30 cases) and transurethral prostatic bipolar excision procedure combined with suprapubic Trocar puncture cystinolithotomy group(study group, 30 cases) according to the operation methods.The operation time, stone extraction time, removal of bladder fistula time, catheter extraction time, success of one stone extraction, postoperative complications of the two groups were statistically analyzed. Results The operation time, stone removal time, bladder fistula removal time and catheter removal time of the study group were significantly shorter than those of the control group(t=6.965, 4.541, 3.365, 3.306, all P<0.05). The success rate of the first stone extraction in the study group was 100.0%(30/30), which was significantly higher than 86.7%(26/30) in the control group (χ2=12.83, P<0.05). The incidence rate of postoperative complications in the study group was 10.0%(3/30), which was significantly lower than 23.3%(7/30) in the control group(χ2=13.34, P<0.05). Conclusion Suprapubic Trocar puncture lithotripsy has high value in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and bladder stones. Key words: Urinary bladder calculi; Prostatic hyperplasia; Transurethral resection of prostate; Cystostomy; Cystotomy; Postoperative complications

Comparative study of percutaneous cystoLithotripsy versus transurethral cystolithotripsy in children with bladder stones

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous cystolithotripsy(PCCL) versus transurethral cyslithotripsy (TUCL) in children with bladder stones. Methods The clinical data of 16 children with bladder calculus treated with PCCL and 21 children with bladder calculus treated with TUCL in our hospital and people's hospital of Aketao county from January 2015 to May 2017 were analyzed retrospectively.and efficacies of these two different modalities were compared. Results The clearance rate of PCCL was 100 %, and no serious complications were found. One patient had residual stone after first TUCL, needed secondary TUCL, clearance rate was 95 %, and postoperative dysuria, odynuria occurred. There was no significant difference in age, operation time, complications and hospitalization days between the two groups. Conclusions Both PCCL and TUCL for bladder stones in children have good efficacy with high clearance rate and less complications. The choice of surgical methods should be based on the size of the stone, combined with the specific conditions of the patient, surgeon's skills and the hospital equipments, to develop individualized treatment program. Key words: Urinary Bladder Calculi; Lithotripsy

Comparative study of laparoscopic cystolithotomy and electro-resectoscopic holmium laser lithotripsy for the treatment of bladder stone

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic cystolithotomy and electro-resectoscopic holmium laser lithotripsy for the treatment of bladder stone. Methods Sixty-one cases with complicated bladder stones in our hospital from January 2014 to March 2017 were chosen.And all patients were randomly divided into the study group (29 cases)and the control group (32 cases). The study group was treated with laparoscopic cystolithotomy, while the control group was treated with electro-resectoscopic holmium laser lithotripsy.The operation time, the time of indwelling catheter, the rate of stone clearance and postoperative complications rate were compared between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in the time of indwelling catheter and hospitalization(P>0.05). The operation time of the study group was shorter than that of the control group(P<0.05). The rate of stone clearance of the study group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). The incidence of urinary tract infection, urethral stricture and other complications in the study group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusions The laparoscopic cystolithotomy has many advantages, such as short operation time, less complications, higher stone clearance rate, and so on. It is worthy of clinical application. Key words: Urinary Bladder Calculi; Lithotripsy, Laser; Lasers, Solid-State; Holmium; Laparoscopy; Electrosurgery

Long term Urological complications in patients with Spinal cord injury

Introduction: Neurogenic bladder (NGB) is common in daily urological practice; however, information on types of urological complications encountered in army and veterans are not under strict surveillance and little is known to them about the best way to manage the condition. This observational study aimed to determine the types of urological complications encountered in regular soldiers and veterans with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) with NGB, and the usage of bladder management programs to deal with NGB.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts and records of interviewed patients with SCI in our urology clinic. Demographic data collected included: age, gender, mode of injury and level of spinal injury. Also noted were episodes of urinary tract infection (UTI), renal lesions, and bladder program followed.Results: The mean age of our study sample (N= 63) was 40± 10.8 years and all were male. Age at onset of injury was 33.8 ± 16.6 years and duration since SCI insult was 90.6 ± 54 months. Symptomatic urinary tract infection (75%), chronic cystitis (53.3%), hydro-nephrosis (36.5%) and urinary bladder calculi (33.3%) were the common urological lesion observed. Indwelling Foley’s catheterization methods of urinary bladder management in 54% study population where urinary tract infection is more common (p&lt;0.05).Conclusion: Urinary tract infection, hydro-nephrosis and Urinary bladder calculi were the most common urological complications encountered in army and veterans with NGB. Indwelling Foley’s catheter was the most frequently used bladder management program with the higher risk for UTI.

Long term Urological complications in patients with Spinal cord injury

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Neurogenic bladder (NGB) is common in daily urological practice; however, information on types of urological complications encountered in army and veterans are not under strict surveillance and little is known to them about the best way to manage the condition. This observational study aimed to determine the types of urological complications encountered in regular soldiers and veterans with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) with NGB, and the usage of bladder management programs to deal with NGB.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We retrospectively reviewed the charts and records of interviewed patients with SCI in our urology clinic. Demographic data collected included: age, gender, mode of injury and level of spinal injury. Also noted were episodes of urinary tract infection (UTI), renal lesions, and bladder program followed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The mean age of our study sample (N= 63) was 40± 10.8 years and all were male. Age at onset of injury was 33.8 ± 16.6 years and duration since SCI insult was 90.6 ± 54 months. Symptomatic urinary tract infection (75%), chronic cystitis (53.3%), hydro-nephrosis (36.5%) and urinary bladder calculi (33.3%) were the common urological lesion observed. Indwelling Foley’s catheterization methods of urinary bladder management in 54% study population where urinary tract infection is more common (p&amp;lt;0.05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Urinary tract infection, hydro-nephrosis and Urinary bladder calculi were the most common urological complications encountered in army and veterans with NGB. Indwelling Foley’s catheter was the most frequently used bladder management program with the higher risk for UTI.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words:&lt;/strong&gt; Neurogenic bladder, Spinal cord injury, Urinary tract infection, Nepal, Army&lt;/p&gt;