Urinary Bisphenol A Research Articles

Association between Gestational Bisphenol A Exposure and Maternofoetal Outcomes: A Cohort Study in a Single Tertiary Hospital in Klang Valley

A growing body of literature has documented the adverse effects of bisphenol A (BPA) exposure on pregnancy and birth outcomes. Regardless, how gestational BPA exposure affects mother-newborn pairs in Malaysia is yet to be explored. Hence, this study aimed to investigate urinary BPA levels of pregnant women living in Klang Valley and their associations with adverse obstetric and birth outcomes. This cross-sectional study involved pregnant women in their third trimester attending antenatal clinic in Hospital Al Sultan Abdullah (HASA), UiTM Puncak Alam, who planned to have their delivery in HASA. Information on maternal age, parity, education, household income, gestational age, and obstetric complications, such as Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, preterm labour, and foetal growth restriction (FGR) were collected. Maternal urine samples were also obtained and evaluated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Additionally, the neonatal outcomes including mode of delivery, gestational age, birth weight and need for NICU admission were documented. Our LC-MS/MS analysis showed that BPA was present in all the urine samples, with levels varying from 4.42 to 30.86 ng/mL. The median level was 15.96 ng/mL. Urinary BPA level has no significant correlation with gestational hypertension (GHTN), preterm labour and low birth weight babies. Babies who need NICU admission were born to mothers who exhibited significantly different urinary BPA levels compared to those whose babies were not admitted (p=0.049). Finding from this study suggestive of further investigation on level of gestational urinary BPA with NICU admission, ideally with a larger sample size to validate these results.

Association between bisphenol A exposure and cardiometabolic outcomes: a longitudinal approach

Abstract Background Increased cardiometabolic risk is associated with abnormalities in blood biomarkers profile and adiposity measurements. Some substances found in the food matrix or the environment, called endocrine-disrupting chemicals, may impair cardiometabolic health in the yearly and later stages of life. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a food contaminant that migrates from food contact materials and may act as an endocrine disruptor, negatively affecting human health. The present work aims to assess the longitudinal association between BPA exposure and cardiometabolic outcomes. Methods Data from the four waves of the Portuguese population-based birth cohort Generation XXI were used (n = 3138). Dietary data were collected by 3-d food diaries, using the FoodEx2 classification system to describe the reported foods. BPA daily exposure was estimated using a random forest model, combining dietary information with urinary BPA measured in 24-h urine from a subsample, used to predict the remaining sample’s BPA exposure. The generalised least squares model was used to test the associations between BPA and cardiometabolic outcomes. Results Blood insulin and HOMA-IR presented a significant longitudinal association with BPA daily exposure after adjustment for important variables and energy (0.06 SD(0.03, 0.09); 0.05 SD(0.02, 0.08) respectively). The same findings were observed for fat mass and waist circumference (0.03 SD(0.01, 0.06); 0.06 SD(0.04, 0.08), respectively). For z-BMI, a significant cross-sectional and longitudinal association was found (0.03 SD(0.01, 0.04); 0.02 SD(0.00, 0.04), respectively). Conclusions This was the first study assessing the association between BPA exposure and health outcomes from childhood to adolescence. We found an association between BPA exposure and an increased blood insulin level, insulin resistance, fat mass percentage, waist circumference and z-score of body mass index. Our results point to the need to reduce exposure to BPA in the early stages of life. Key messages • BPA exposure was estimated using direct and indirect methods. • BPA can impair cardiometabolic outcomes from the early stages of life, such as higher blood insulin level, insulin resistance, fat mass, waist circumference, and body mass index.

Exposure of elementary school-aged Brazilian children to bisphenol A: association with demographic, social, and behavioral factors, and a worldwide comparison

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a plasticizer used to synthesize polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins and is well-known for its endocrine-disrupting action. BPA occurrence in the environment is widespread, and there is a growing concern regarding exposure to this chemical during childhood, given the findings indicating the long-lasting hazards associated with exposure during early life compared to adulthood. We examined urinary BPA concentrations from 319 elementary school-aged Brazilian children, using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. We found that urinary BPA was detectable in the majority of children, and that urinary BPA levels were higher among children with lower family income and lower maternal educational levels. BPA levels found herein were compared with those from countries with different regulation policies concerning exposure to BPA. They were similar to those reported from studies conducted in Egypt and Australia. Despite more protective regulatory policies in the European Union, they were similar or lower than those reported in European studies. Our findings indicate that exposure of Brazilian children to BPA is widespread and comparable to or even lower than that of countries with stricter regulatory policies.

High levels of bisphenol A among infertile men can impair spermatogenesis by oxidative stress and elevated levels of microRNA-337

BackgroundStudies have shown that Bisphenol A may interfere with the process of spermatogenesis and result in a decrease in the quality of semen. Nevertheless, the fundamental processes remain unclear. This study was done to investigate the connections between exposure to Bisphenol A, spermatogenesis with microRNA-337, and malondialdehyde in infertile men.MethodsThis study was a case–control study on 73 participants. Infertile group (1a): azoospermia (n = 16), infertile group (1b): oligozoospermia (n = 22), and control group (2): normospermic (n = 35) were enrolled in this study. Full history, local examination, semen analysis, and urine and blood samples were taken from all participants. Urinary Bisphenol A, malondialdehyde, and serum microRNA-337 were measured.ResultsThe mean Bisphenol A level in azoospermia group shows statistically significant increase comparing to fertile control group. The mean microRNA-337 level in oligozoospermia and azoospermia group shows statistically significant increase comparing to fertile controls. The mean malondialdehyde level in infertility groups shows statistically significant increase comparing to fertile control group. No linear correlations were recorded between Bisphenol A levels with semen quality parameters, hormonal profile, and microRNA-337.ConclusionWhile there is no significant change in the levels of Bisphenol A between normal fertile males and infertile males with oligozospermia, a significant elevation in the BPA level was observed in infertile males with azoospermia. A significant upregulation of the miRNA-337 gene expression in infertile males either oligozospermia or azoospermia was also observed. In addition, lipid peroxidation as evident by the significant elevation of MDA levels was marked among infertile patients.

Exploring the association between urinary bisphenol A, S, and F levels and semen quality parameters: Findings from Led-Fertyl cross-sectional study

Infertility is recognized as a multifaceted condition affecting approximately 15% of couples globally, influenced by various factors including genetic predisposition and environmental exposures. Among these environmental factors, bisphenol A (BPA) emerges as a prominent Endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDCs) widely distributed, leading to chronic human exposure in daily life. As regulations on BPA became more stringent, alternative substances such as bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) have emerged. Animal studies have demonstrated a dose-dependent decline in fertility and embryotoxicity following chronic exposure to BPA. However, literature data on human studies are limited and heterogeneous. Additionally, even less is known about the relationship between exposure to the BPA analogues (BPS and BPF) and sperm quality. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the association between urinary concentrations of BPA, BPF, and BPS and semen quality parameters among 195 adult Spanish men from the Led-Fertyl study cohort using multiple linear regression models adjusted by potential confounding variables. Our results revealed an inverse association between log-transformed creatinine-adjusted concentration (ng/mg) of BPA and BPF levels and the percentage of sperm vitality (β: 3.56 %; 95%CI: 6.48 to −0.63 and β: 4.14 %; 95%CI: 6.97 to −1.31; respectively). Furthermore, participants in the highest quartile of BPA and BPF urinary concentration exhibited lower sperm vitality compared to those in the lowest quartile (β: 6.90 %; 95%CI: 11.60 to −2.15 and β: 9.68 %; 95%CI: 14.43 to −4.94; respectively). These results supply epidemiological evidence establishing a relationship between bisphenols urine exposure and sperm quality, suggesting that a re-evaluation of the overall safety of BPA alternatives is warranted.

The Adverse Impact of Bisphenol A Exposure on Optimal Cardiovascular Health as Measured by Life's Essential 8 in U.S. Adults: Evidence from NHANES 2005 to 2016.

Background/Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases are the primary cause of global morbidity and mortality, with cardiovascular health (CVH) remaining well below the ideal level and showing minimal improvement in the U.S. population over recent years. Bisphenol A (BPA), a pervasive environmental contaminant, has emerged as a potential contributor to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This cross-sectional study delves into the impact of BPA exposure on achieving optimal CVH, as assessed by the Life's Essential 8 metric, among U.S. adults. Methods: Analyzing data from 6635 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected between 2005 and 2016, BPA exposure was quantified through urinary BPA levels, while optimal CVH was defined using the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 criteria, scoring between 80 and 100. Multivariable logistic regression and propensity score matching were employed to evaluate the association between BPA exposure and CVH. Results: This study reveals that individuals in the highest tertile of urinary BPA levels were 27% less likely to attain optimal CVH compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR, 0.73; 95% CI: 0.59-0.92). This negative association persisted across diverse demographics, including age, sex, and race, mirrored in the link between urinary BPA levels and health factor scores. Conclusions: The findings underscore the potential benefits of reducing BPA exposure in enhancing the prevalence of optimal CVH and mitigating the burden of cardiovascular disease. Given the widespread use of BPA, ongoing monitoring of BPA's impact on CVH is essential. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the long-term and causative connections between BPA and CVH. These insights contribute to understanding the complex interplay between environmental factors and CVH outcomes, informing targeted interventions to mitigate cardiovascular disease risk within the population.

Associations of exposure to bisphenol-A or parabens with markers of liver injury/function among US adults in NHANES 2011-2016.

Bisphenol-A (BPA) and parabens are common endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) that are used extensively in consumer products worldwide and are widely found in the environment. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively explore the correlations between urinary BPA/parabens levels and liver injury/function markers. In this cross-sectional study, we used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2011 to 2016. The exposure variables were urinary BPA and four urinary parabens [methylparaben (MPB), ethylparaben (EPB), propylparaben (PPB), and butylparaben (BPB)], while the outcome variables were indicators of liver function/injury [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), AST/ ALT, albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), total bilirubin (TBIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4)]. Multiple linear regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression analyses were applied to explore the relationships between the individual/combined exposure variables and the liver injury/function indicators, respectively. Furthermore, stratified analysis was employed to detect the associations influenced by age and sex. A total of 2,179 adults were eligible for the present analysis. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed positive associations of EPB with AST, ALT, TP, and FIB-4 scores and negative associations of BPA with TP and ALB. The effects of urinary parabens on adverse outcomes in the liver (AST and ALT) were significant in the female and middle-aged subgroups. In addition, the WQS analysis revealed that the mixture of four compounds was negatively associated with ALB. BPA had the greatest effect on the serum ALB concentration (weight = 0.688). Our present study provided novel evidence of significant associations between BPA or certain parabens and numerous markers of liver injury/function indicators. We found that higher urinary BPA concentrations were associated with worse liver function. Exposure to high EPB/PPB ratios was significantly associated with biomarkers of liver injury.

Associations of bisphenol and phthalate exposure and anti-Müllerian hormone levels in women of reproductive age

In women, exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals might accelerate the depletion of the ovarian reserve and might be associated with accelerative reproductive aging and fertility. We examined the longitudinal associations of exposure to bisphenols and phthalates with anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations. Pregnant women of 18 years or older that resided in Rotterdam between 2002 and 2006 were eligible for participation in this longitudinal prospective cohort study. We measured urinary bisphenol and phthalate concentration at three time-points in pregnancy among 1405 women, of whom 1322 women had serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) measurements 6 and/or 9 years postpartum. We performed linear regression models to assess the association of urinary bisphenol and phthalate metabolites with AMH after 6 and 9 years, and linear mixed-effect model to assess the association with AMH over time. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. In our multivariable linear regression models we observed associations of higher urinary pregnancy-averaged mono-isobutyl phthalate (mIBP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (mEOHP), and monobenzyl phthalate (mBzBP) with lower serum AMH after both 6 and 9 years. However, these associations did not remain after adjustment for multiple testing. No significant associations of bisphenol A with AMH were present in our study sample. In our linear mixed-effects models, higher mIBP, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (mEHHP), mEOHP, and mBzBP were associated with lower overall AMH levels (differences-0.07 (95% CI -0.13,-0.02),-0.09 (-0.15,-0.02),-0.08 (95% CI -0.14,-0.02), and-0.08 (-0.13,-0.03) μg/L per doubling in mIBP, mEHHP, mEOHP, and mBzBP respectively) (all False Discovery Rate adjusted p-values < 0.05). We identify decreases in indices of ovarian reserve in relationship to prenatal phthalate exposures. Studies are needed replicating our results among large multi-ethnic non-pregnant populations and assessing transgenerational effects of exposure on ovarian reserve. This study was supported by the Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, the European Research Council, the Dutch Heart Foundation, the Dutch Diabetes Foundation, the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program, the National Institutes of Health, Ansh Labs Webster, and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Evaluation of Exposure to Bisphenol Analogs through Canned and Ready-to-Eat Meal Consumption and Their Possible Effects on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate.

Bisphenols are endocrine-disrupting chemicals used in plastics and resins for food packaging. This study aimed to evaluate the exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol F (BPF) associated with the consumption of fresh, canned, and ready-to-eat meals and determine the effects of bisphenols on blood pressure and heart rate. Forty-eight healthy young adults were recruited for this study, and they were divided into the following three groups: fresh, canned, and ready-to-eat meal groups. Urine samples were collected 2, 4, and 6 h after meal consumption, and blood pressure and heart rate were measured. The consumption of ready-to-eat meals significantly increased urine BPA concentrations compared with canned and fresh meal consumption. No significant difference in BPS and BPF concentrations was observed between the groups. The consumption of ready-to-eat meals was associated with a significant increase in systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure and a marked decrease in diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. No significant differences were noted in blood pressure and heart rate with canned and fresh meal consumption. It can be concluded that total BPA concentration in consumed ready-to-eat meals is high. High BPA intake causes increase in urinary BPA concentrations, which may, in turn, lead to changes in some cardiovascular parameters.

High Levels of BPA and BPF Exposure during Pregnancy Are Associated with Lower Birth Weight in Shenyang in Northeast China.

Animal studies indicate that bisphenol A (BPA) has obesogenic effects. Recent experiments reported similar endocrine-disrupting effects of bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS), which are substitutes of BPA. The aim of this study was to investigate the exposure levels of these bisphenols in pregnant women and their effects on the physical development of infants aged 0-12 months. This study recruited pregnant women who gave birth at a hospital between February 2019 and September 2020. Urine samples from these pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy were detected by using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadruple mass spectrometry. Follow-ups at 6 and 12 months of age were conducted by telephone by pediatricians using a structured questionnaire. Multiple linear regressions were used to determine the associations between bisphenol concentrations and infant weight. A total of 113 mother-child pairs had complete questionnaires and urine samples as well as data on newborns aged 6 months and 12 months. The detection rates of urinary BPA, BPF, and BPS in pregnant women were 100, 62.83, and 46.02%, respectively. Their median levels are 5.84, 0.54, and 0.07 μg/L, respectively. Increased urinary BPA and BPF concentrations during pregnancy were significantly associated with lower birth weight (standardized regression coefficients [β] = -0.081 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.134 to -0.027; β = -0.049 kg, 95% CI: -0.097 to -0.001). In addition, urinary BPA and BPF concentrations during pregnancy were positively associated with weight growth rate from 0 to 6 months (β = 0.035 kg/mouth, 95% CI: 0.00-0.064; β = 0.028 kg/mouth, 95% CI: 0.006-0.050), especially in female infants (β = 0.054 kg/mouth, 95% CI: 0.015-0.093; β = 0.035 kg/mouth, 95% CI: 0.005-0.065). Therefore, maternal BPA and BPF levels during pregnancy were negatively correlated with birth weight and positively correlated with the growth rate of infant weight at 0-6 months of age, especially in female infants.

Association of urinary bisphenol A with hyperlipidemia and all-cause mortality: NHANES 2003-2016.

The connection between urinary bisphenol A (BPA) and hyperlipidemia is still unclear, and few studies have evaluated whether urinary BPA affects mortality among individuals with hyperlipidemia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the link between urinary BPA and hyperlipidemia and assess the impact of urinary BPA on mortality risk in subjects with hyperlipidemia. We analyzed data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2003 to 2016. Multivariable logistic analysis was performed to examine the relationship between urinary BPA and hyperlipidemia. Cox regression analysis was carried out to investigate the relationship between urinary BPA and all-cause mortality in subjects with hyperlipidemia. This study included 8,983 participants, of whom 6,317 (70.3%) were diagnosed with hyperlipidemia. The results showed that urinary BPA was higher in participants with hyperlipidemia group than those without hyperlipidemia (3.87 ± 0.32 vs. 2.98 ± 0.14, P = 0.01). Urinary BPA levels were analyzed in tertiles. Compared with tertile 1 of BPA (reference), the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of hyperlipidemia related to tertile 3 of BPA was 1.28 (1.11-1.48). The hazard ratio for all-cause death associated with the highest versus lowest tertile of urinary BPA was 1.20 (95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.44; P = 0.04) among participants with hyperlipidemia. The study indicated a positive relationship between urinary BPA and the risk of hyperlipidemia. Urinary BPA was associated with a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality in adults with hyperlipidemia.

Prenatal and childhood exposure to bisphenols and bone mineral density in 7-year-old children from the Odense Child Cohort

BackgroundBisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine disrupter used in several consumer products. Restricted use of BPA has led to increased use of bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS). While previous studies found no associations between prenatal BPA and BPF exposure and bone mineral density (BMD), two recent cohort studies found that prenatal BPS exposure was negatively associated with bone mineral density in the offspring. AimTo determine possible associations between maternal and child urinary bisphenol concentrations, BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) in 7-year-old healthy children. MethodsPregnant women were recruited in 2010–2012 to participate in the Odense Child Cohort (OCC), Denmark. Maternal urine samples were collected in gestational week 28 and urinary BPA concentration was measured by isotope diluted LC-MS/MS. The children delivered a urine sample at age 7 years in which BPA, BPF and BPS were measured by an extended LS-MS/MS method based on the original method. At age 7 years DXA scans were performed and BMC and Z-score for BMD calculated. Associations between osmolality adjusted urinary maternal BPA and child BPA, BPF and BPS concentrations and BMC and BMD Z-score were examined by multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders. Additionally, a combined effect of the bisphenols were evaluated by including the sum of child urinary BPA, BPF and BPS concentrations in the statistical analyses. ResultsA total of 546 mothers and 453 children aged 7 years participated. BPA was detected in 84% and 96% of the maternal and child urine samples, respectively. We found no significant association between maternal urinary BPA concentration during pregnancy and BMC and BMD Z-score in 7-year-old children. In addition, no association between current bisphenol exposure in tertiles and bone density was found, interestingly, current BPA and summed bisphenol exposure in the highest 10% was associated with lower BMD Z-score at age 7-years, statistically significant for boys. ConclusionIn these low exposed children we found no association between prenatal or current bisphenol exposure in tertiles and BMD in healthy children, however, the highest 10% exposed children had lower BMD, significant for boys, suggesting a negative impact with high bisphenol exposure. The short half-lives of bisphenols and the cross-sectional nature of the child exposure prompt more longitudinal studies to further clarify this topic.

Association of vitamin D and bisphenol A levels with cardiovascular risk in an elderly Italian population: results from the InCHIANTI study

Few studies have evaluated the association between circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), and the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA), with risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease in elderly individuals. This was a cross-sectional study in a subgroup of elderly people from the InCHIANTI Biobank in Italy. We examined the association between circulating serum vitamin D metabolites, 1,25(OH)2D, 25(OH)D, and the endocrine disrupting agent BPA, with an arbitrary CV risk score and the European Society of Cardiology-based 10-year CV risk (SCORE2/SCORE2-OP) using univariate and multiple regression. In 299 individuals, blood samples were tested for serum values of 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D and urinary BPA levels. One hundred eighty individuals (60.2%) were deficient (< 20 ng/ml) in 25(OH)D. Levels of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D were negatively correlated with CV risk score (p < 0.0001 for both) as well as SCORE2/SCORE2-OP (p < 0.0001 for both) while BPA levels were positively correlated with both CV risk scores (p < 0.0001 for both). In a logistic regression model, male gender (odds ratio; OR: 2.1, 95% CI:1.1–3.8, p = 0.022), obesity (OR:2.8, 95% CI:1.2–6.5, p = 0.016) and BPA levels ≥ 110 ng/dl (OR:20.9, 95% CI:9.4–46.8, p < 0.0001) were associated with deficient levels of 25(OH)D. 1,25(OH)2D levels < 41 ng/dl and 25(OH)D levels < 20 ng/ml were associated with CV risk score ≥ 3 (OR: 4.16, 95% CI: 2.32–7.4, p < 0.0001 and OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.02–3.39, p = 0.044) respectively and 1,25(OH)2D levels < 41 ng/dl were associated with SCORE2/SCORE2-OP of ≥ 20% (OR:2.98, 95% CI: 1.7–5.2, p = 0.0001). In this cross-sectional analysis, BPA exposure was associated with significantly reduced levels of vitamin D that in turn were significantly associated with increased CV risk.

Biomonitoring Study of Urinary Bisphenol A Levels and Impact of Bottle-Feeding Practices Among Infants and Children From Northern India

Biomonitoring Study of Urinary Bisphenol A Levels and Impact of Bottle-Feeding Practices Among Infants and Children From Northern India

Association of urinary bisphenol A levels with heart failure risk in U.S. adults from the NHANES (2003-2016).

Although heart failure (HF) has been linked to bisphenol A (BPA), few studies have investigated the cut-off values for the effects of urinary BPA levels on heart failure risk. The association between urinary BPA levels and HF prognosis has not been investigated. This study included 11,849 adults over 20 years old using information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which was conducted from 2003 to 2016. The relationship between urinary BPA levels and the risk of HF was determined via a multivariable logistic regression model, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) methods were used to determine the cut-off for the effect of BPA levels on HF risk. Based on the available NT-proBNP concentration data from the NHANES (2003-2004), multivariable linear regression was applied to determine the linear association between the NT-proBNP concentration and urinary BPA concentration. The results revealed a positive correlation between a urinary BPA concentration in the fourth quartile and the occurrence of heart failure [OR 1.49, 95% CI (1.09, 2.04), p = 0.012]. A one-unit increase (1 ng/mg creatinine) in the ln-transformed BPA concentration was linked to a 15% increase in the incidence of HF [OR 1.15, 95% CI (1.03, 1.29), p = 0.014]. The cut-off urinary BPA concentration for HF risk was 1.51 ng/mg creatinine. There was a positive correlation between urinary BPA and NT-proBNP concentrations [β = 0.093, 95% CI (0.014, 0.171), p = 0.02] in males, but there was no linear association [β = 0.040, 95% CI (-0.033, 0.113), p = 0.283] in females. Increased urinary BPA levels are linked to an increased risk of heart failure and poor prognosis. There is a significant increase in the risk of heart failure if the urinary concentration of BPA exceeds 1.51 ng/mg creatinine.

The potential Association of Bisphenol A exposure and type 1 diabetes mellitus among Dakahlia Governorate's children sample, Egypt.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupter affecting glucose homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate BPA's relationship with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) in Dakahlia Governorate's children, in Egypt. The study had two parts: clinical and experimental. Clinical Study was conducted on 200 children, equally divided into control and T1DM groups. They underwent: demographic data, height, weight, body mass index, glycosylated HbA1C, random blood glucose, and urinary BPA measurements. Experimental Study was conducted on 60 adult albino rats. Rats were randomly divided into three equal groups: control group: received 0.5mL of pure olive oil, group 1: received 20mg/kg/day BPA, and group 2: received 100mg/kg/day BPA orally for 6weeks. Fasting and two hours postprandial glucose levels were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Histopathological examination and imaging study of the pancreas were done. In clinical study: HbA1C and random blood glucose levels in diabetic children showed a significant increase compared to control. Children in control group showed controlled HbA1C, while the T1DM group showed 86% with poor diabetic control. There was a significant increase in BPA level in the T1DM group compared to the control. Rats that received BPA showed a marked increase in fasting and two hours postprandial glucose levels, histopathological changes in the pancreas with more changes determined in the high dose group, and a significant decrease in the islets of Langerhans diameters with group 2 more affected. So, BPA exposure could be considered a risk factor for T1DM in children.

Bisphenol A Exposure Interferes with Reproductive Hormones and Decreases Sperm Counts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies.

Bisphenol A (BPA), an acknowledged endocrine disrupter, is easily exposed to humans via food packaging and container. However, a consensus has not been reached on the extent to which BPA exposure affects the reproductive system. We therefore conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate the relationship between BPA exposure and male reproduction-related indicators. Up to October 2023, a comprehensive search was carried out in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science, and 18 studies were ultimately included. β coefficients from multivariate linear regression analyses were pooled using a random effects model. The results showed that the urinary BPA concentration was negatively correlated with the sperm concentration (β coefficient = -0.03; 95% CI: -0.06 to -0.01; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.003) and total sperm count (β coefficient = -0.05; 95% CI: -0.08 to -0.02; I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.001). In addition, BPA concentrations were associated with increased sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels, increased estradiol (E2) levels, and reduced biologically active androgen levels. However, the relationship between an increased risk of below-reference sperm quality and BPA exposure was not robust. This systematic review revealed that BPA exposure disrupts reproductive hormones, reduces sperm counts and may ultimately adversely affect male reproduction.

Impact of bisphenol a on the levels of vascular calcification biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus with vascular complications: A case-control study

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor present in polycarbonate plastics used in food containers and water bottles that resists insulin action and leads to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there is scant research on the impact of BPA on T2DM-related vascular complications. Fetuin-A (FTA) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are crucial markers for vascular calcification, which is the primary risk factor for developing vascular complications. This study aims to link external factor BPA levels with the vascular calcification markers FTA and OPG in diabetic subjects with and without vascular complications. Therefore, 120 study subjects were included and divided as control (n = 30), T2DM with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (n = 30), T2DM with diabetic nephropathy (DN) (n = 30), and T2DM without vascular complications (n = 30). Serum and urinary FTA, OPG, and BPA levels were measured using an ELISA. FTA (AHSG) and OPG (TNFRSF11B) gene expression were analyzed using qPCR. Both serum (p < 0.001) and urinary BPA (p < 0.001) were found higher in T2DM with CVD and DN than T2DM without vascular complications and control. Also, T2DM with CVD and DN patients had lower serum and urinary FTA protein levels and increased serum and urinary OPG (p < 0.001) levels than T2DM without vascular complications and control. Moreover, FTA (AHSG) gene expression was negatively associated with serum BPA (p < 0.001) and urinary BPA (p < 0.01). Likewise, OPG (TNFRSF11B) gene expression was positively significant with serum BPA (p < 0.001) and urinary BPA (p < 0.01) in the study groups. These findings suggest that elevated blood and urinary BPA levels contribute to the severity of vascular complications in T2DM patients through vascular calcification.

The associations between maternal and fetal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and asymmetric fetal growth restriction: a prospective cohort study.

Recent evidence has revealed associations between endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and placental insufficiency due to altered placental growth, syncytialization, and trophoblast invasion. However, no epidemiologic study has reported associations between exposure to EDCs and asymmetric fetal growth restriction (FGR) caused by placenta insufficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between EDC exposure and asymmetric FGR. This was a prospective cohort study including women admitted for delivery to the Maternal Fetal Center at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital between October 2021 and October 2022. Maternal urine and cord blood samples were collected, and the levels of bisphenol-A (BPA), monoethyl phthalates, and perfluorooctanoic acid in each specimen were analyzed. We investigated linear and non-linear associations between the levels of EDCs and fetal growth parameters, including the head circumference (HC)/abdominal circumference (AC) ratio as an asymmetric parameter. The levels of EDCs were compared between fetuses with and without asymmetric FGR. Of the EDCs, only the fetal levels of BPA showed a linear association with the HC/AC ratio after adjusting for confounding variables (β = 0.003, p < 0.05). When comparing the normal growth and asymmetric FGR groups, the asymmetric FGR group showed significantly higher maternal and fetal BPA levels compared to the normal growth group (maternal urine BPA, 3.99 μg/g creatinine vs. 1.71 μg/g creatinine [p < 0.05]; cord blood BPA, 1.96 μg/L vs. -0.86 μg/L [p < 0.05]). In conclusion, fetal exposure levels of BPA show linear associations with asymmetric fetal growth patterns. High maternal and fetal exposure to BPA might be associated with asymmetric FGR.

Cashiers and bisphenols: Occupational exposure and health implications in south China

Bisphenols are ubiquitous chemicals used in various industries, raising concerns due to their potential to disrupt endocrine systems, particularly among occupational populations. This study concurrently assessed bisphenol A (BPA) and its 12 analogues in 325 urine samples from cashiers and non-cashiers residing in South China. Results revealed that BPA was the most prevalent bisphenol in urine, subsequent to bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F, bisphenol AF (BPAF) and bisphenol E (BPE), with detection frequencies at 60−99%. BPA exhibited the highest median concentration of 1.16 ng/mL. Urine samples from cashiers showed relatively high levels of BPA, BPS and BPE, highlighting potential occupational exposure implications. Variations in urinary bisphenol concentrations across gender and age groups were explored. Significant correlations were identified between urinary BPA and BPE, as well as BPS and BPAF, indicative of shared exposure sources and pathways. Cashiers had 1.50–13.4 times higher exposure than non-cashiers to these bisphenols. The median exposure to five bisphenols exceeded the established tolerable daily intake for BPA, set at 0.2 ng/kg bw/day, by 1.10–180 times. This study underscores the urgent need for assessing the potential health implications of bisphenol exposure, especially for high-exposure groups like cashiers, and suggests actions to reduce these risks.