Uric Acid Levels In Type Research Articles

Study of Serum Uric Acid in Type 2 Male Diabetes Mellitus Patient In a Tertiary Care Hospital

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by relative or absolute deficiency of insulin, resulting in glucose intolerance. The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly rising all over the globe at an alarming rate. Hyperuricemia is probably associated with glucose intolerance due to various mechanisms, however, the most important is the association between insulin and renal resistance to absorption of urates. 1/2, The aim of the study is to examine the serum uric acid level in Type 2 male Diabetic patients and to assess the association of serum uric acid level with fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood sugar two hours after breakfast (2HAB), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), duration of diabetes, and exercise time. This case-control study was conducted in Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), out-patient department (OPD) during the period of June 2016 to January 2017. It included 110 Subjects of type 2 male diabetic patients as cases. In addition 100 age and sex matched non-diabetic male subjects were randomly selected as control Results: The mean serum uric acid of all cases of Type 2 DM was 8.39±2.61mg/dl which was significantly higher than controls (5.14±84 mg/dl). The study found that there were significant differences in mean age, duration of diabetes, exercise time, waist-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) within cases and controls but no significant differences of mean BMI was found. This study also found that significant differences in mean of FBS, ABF and HbA1C between case and controls but there was no significant differences of mean TG, Cholesterol, HDL and LDL. The serum uric acid was not significantly correlated with FBS, 2HAB and HbA1C but significantly correlated with exercise time where r =.340. Chi square test was carried out to measure the association between HbA1C and Uric acid category. But had no significant association Conclusion: Our study findings conclude that serum uric acid is not significantly correlated with FBS, 2HAB and HbA1C, but significantly correlated with age, duration of DM, and exercise time.
 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2018; 11(2): 11-16

SERUM URIC ACID IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS

BACKGROUND: Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing and is already as epidemic in India. Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) Prevalence of CVD has rapidly increased in past few years. The four major risk factors for CVD are hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and cigarette smoking.The Morbidity and mortality due to noncommunicable diseases specially attributed to diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease is rising rapidly in India, causing nearly 5.8 million deaths per year annually. Insulin resistance state is associated with diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. AIM To study the effect of serum uric acid levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with cardiovascular risk factors. OBJECTIVES :To compare serum uric acid levels with other CVD risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking) among type 2 diabetic subjects.To compare duration of diabetes and serum uric acid levels STUDY DESIGN: Cross sectional , observational study. PLACE OF STUDY: Department of General Medicine, Kamineni institute of medical sciences, Narketpally. DURATION OF STUDY : October 2020 to September 2022

Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Serum Uric Acid Levels in Type 2 Diabetics

Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Serum Uric Acid Levels in Type 2 Diabetics

Study of serum uric acid levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus in tertiary care hospital in south Gujarat

Background: The need for early indicators of diabetic complications is essential to prevent late complications and their deleterious effects. There is a need for sensitive serum markers that are associated with diabetes and its complications. Estimation of these parameters helps in early intervention, thereby delaying the chronic complications of diabetes in the early stages. Hyperuricemia has been shown to be linked to a number of diseases and conditions including gout, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, stroke and renal disease. Uric acid has long been associated with delayed complications of diabetes mellitus. This study was conducted on 357 patients of diabetes mellitus to investigate the significance of serum uric acid levels and its correlation with it.Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study carried out amongst 357 patients with T2DM attending out-patient department as well as indoor patients under medicine department at Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research (SMIMER) Hospital, of south Gujarat.Results: There is highly significant association seen between HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) and uric acid levels in present study (p<0.001). There is significant association seen between fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels and uric acid levels in the study (p=0.0253).Conclusions: There is increase in uric acid levels in diabetic patients with increased levels of HbA1c. Thus, serum uric acid may serve as a potential biomarker of the deterioration of glucose metabolism.

High-normal serum uric acid levels in Type 2 diabetes patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases

High-normal serum uric acid levels in Type 2 diabetes patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases

Evaluation of Serum Uric Acid Level in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Investigation of the Relationship Between Uric Acid Level and Microvascular Complications

Tip 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) pankreasta bulunan beta hücrelerinin hasarı sonucu gelişen ve insülin eksikliği ile karakterize kronik metabolik bir hastalıktır. Nefropati, retinopati ve nöropati diyabetin bilinen mikrovasküler komplikasyonlarıdır. T1DM hastalarında serum ürik asit (SÜA) düzeyini değerlendiren az sayıda çalışma mevcuttur ve SÜA düzeyinin mikrovasküler komplikasyonlar ile ilişkisi tartışmalıdır. Bu çalışmada T1DM hastalarında SÜA düzeyini değerlendirmeyi ve SÜA düzeyinin mikrovasküler komplikasyonlar ile ilişkisini incelemeyi amaçladık. Bu çalışma 18 yaşından büyük T1DM tanısı ile takipli 160 hastanın ve 85 sağlıklı kontrolün dosyalarının retrospektif değerlendirilmesi ile yapıldı. T1DM hastalarında kontrol grubuna göre SÜA düzeyi düşük bulundu (p:0.035) ve SÜA düzeyi ile HbA1c arasında negatif kolerasyon saptandı (r:-0.172, p:0.03). SÜA ile kreatinin düzeyi arasında pozitif kolerasyon saptandı (r:0.269, p:0.001). Nefropati gelişen hastalarda SÜA düzeyi diyabet süresinden bağımsız olarak yüksek saptanırken (r2:0.185, p:0.027) nöropati ve retinopatisi mevcut olan hastalarda SÜA yüksekliği bağımsız bir risk faktörü olarak saptanmadı. Sonuç olarak T1DM hastalarında kontrol grubuna göre daha düşük SÜA düzeyi bulunmasına rağmen diyabetik nefropati gelişen hastalarda SÜA düzeyinin yüksek olduğu saptandı. Yüksek SÜA düzeyinin diyabetik nefropati gelişiminde risk faktörü olup olmadığını belirlemek için daha ileri prospektif çalışmalar gereklidir.

High urinary excretion rate of glucose attenuates serum uric acid level in type 2 diabetes with normal renal function

Aims/IntroductionThe relationship between urinary excretion rate of glucose (UEGL) and uric acid (UA) metabolism in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear to date. This study aimed to investigate the relationships of UEGL with serum UA (SUA), urinary excretion rate of uric acid (UEUA), and renal clearance of uric acid (CLUA) in adults with T2D. We hypothesised that high UEGL increases UA excretion, which in turn leads to lower SUA.Materials and methodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 635 inpatients with T2D recruited between 2018 and 2019. The relationships of UEGL with UEUA, CLUA, and hyperuricaemia were assessed using analysis of covariance and multivariate regression analysis.ResultsPatients in the higher quartile of UEGL tended to have lower SUA levels than those in the lower quartile. In contrast, patients in the higher quartile of UEGL tended to have higher CLUA (p for trend < 0.0001), and a similar trend was observed for UEUA. In adjusted multivariable linear regression model, UEGL was negatively correlated with SUA (β = − 0.023, 95% CI − 0.034 to − 0.013, p < 0.0001). However, positive correlations of UEGL with UEUA (β = 0.046, 95% CI 0.018–0.074, p = 0.001) and CLUA (β = 0.063, 95% CI 0.042–0.085, p < 0.0001) were found. Furthermore, consistent significant inverse associations were observed between quartiles of UEGL and hyperuricaemia in the adjusted multivariate logistic regression model.ConclusionsA high UEGL level was positively correlated with UEUA and CLUA. Moreover, it was inversely associated with SUA level, and a consistently increased UEGL level reduced the risk of hyperuricaemia in patients with T2D.

Serum uric acid levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus among South Indian Urban Population: A cross sectional study

Background and aim: Hyperuricemia is common in individuals with obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This has been attributed to the hyperinsulinemia due to insulin resistance in T2DM and it’s effect on the renal excretion of uric acid. There have been recent studies depicting that hyperuricemia may independently predict the development of diabetes. However, there are conflicting studies of hypouricemia in T2DM as well which may be due to increased glomerular filtration rate with increased renal clearance of uric acid. In order to add further evidence to the existing database of knowledge about uric acid metabolism in T2DM this study was carried out. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study and the subjects were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data recorded included serum uric acid, HbA1c, fasting and post prandial plasma glucose, serum creatinine, fasting lipid profile and waist hip ratio. Results: The mean value of serum uric acid was 5.11±1.2 mg/dL in diabetics and 4.59±1.12 mg/dL in non-diabetics, though within the normal reference range was statistically significant (p=0.029). However, the association of hyperuricemia (serum uric acid &gt;7mg/dL) as a risk factor for diabetes mellitus was not significant (p=1.000). Waist circumference in cases was 94.8 ± 10 cm and in controls it was 86.6 ± 11.6 cm (p&lt;0.001). Waist-hip ratio in diabetics was 1.0 ± 0.11 and in non-diabetics 0.9 ± 0.08 (p&lt;0.001). HbA1c, FBS, PPBS, serum creatinine, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio were significantly increased and HDLc was decreased significantly in diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Increased serum uric acid, decreased HDLc and increased waist-hip ratio are observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Steps should be taken to monitor serum uric acid, lipid profile and anthropometric measurements of diabetics and non-diabetics.&#x0D; Keywords: Uric acid, type 2 Diabetes mellitus

Association of Uric Acid Level and Body Mass Index in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Body Mass Index (BMI) or formerly called Quetelet Index is the measurement for scoring nutrient state in adults by using body weight (in kilogram) and body height (in metre). Obesity and overweight are defined as an abnormality of fat accumulation that can damage our health. Uric acid is a substance that is formed when the breaking process of purine occur. Hyperuricemia are condition that are closely related with gout. Uric acid level increased significantly towards those having obesity. It is also concluded that obesity was the usual cause in patients with recurrent gout attack. Strong relation has been found between high BMI with gout arthritis occurance. This research is a descriptive analytic research with cross sectional design included 50 diabetic subjects aged over 40 years old. Subjects picked by consecutive sampling then we examined the weight, height, waist size, blood pressure and laboratory tests for fasting blood sugar and serum uric acid level. With statistical analysis using chi square we found that there was no significant association between BMI and serum uric acid level in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (p&gt;0.005).

A Study on Uric Acid Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Chronic Kidney Disease

A Study on Uric Acid Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Chronic Kidney Disease

Effects of Body Mass Index, Glycemic Control, and Hypoglycemic Drugs on Serum Uric Acid Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

BackgroundPlasma uric acid has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Conflicting data regarding plasma uric acid levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus and their role in the development and progression of diabetic complications have been observed by many studies. The present study aimed to evaluate plasma uric acid levels in type 2 diabetic patients and to determine the effects of hypoglycemic drugs and pharmacologic insulin on plasma uric acid concentration.Subjects and methodsThe study included 162 type 2 diabetic patients divided into three groups (insulin taking group (N=58), glibenclamide taking group (N=40), and metformin taking group (N=64), and 47 normal healthy controls. A questionnaire that included variables such as age, sex, duration of disease, and body mass index (BMI) were answered by all the participants. Blood samples were collected and estimated for serum uric acid (SUA), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) using standard methods and the data were statistically analyzed.ResultsDiabetic patients showed a significant increase in serum uric acid, fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, and body mass index when compared to control subjects. The serum uric acid levels of metformin and glibenclamide taking groups were significantly higher than the control group. The difference of serum uric concentration between the insulin taking group and both the control and metformin groups was statistically non-significant. On the other hand, obese diabetics showed a significantly higher serum uric acid than overweight and lean diabetics. Furthermore, serum uric acid had a significant strong positive correlation with body mass index.ConclusionType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with high serum uric acid levels. Hypoglycemic drugs and pharmacologic insulin do not have a large impact on SUA concentration, but obesity seems to be the primary determinant of SUA levels in T2DM patients. The condition of diabetes may have a direct effect on the oxidation of the purine nucleotides resulting in the increased uric acid (UA) levels. In addition, hyperinsulinemia could lead to hyperuricemia by increasing the rate of xanthine oxidase synthesis. There is a strong relationship between T2DM and obesity with high uric acid levels.

Serum Uric Acid Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Is There a Linear Relationship with Severity of Carotid Atherosclerosis?

Aims:The aim of this study was to correlate serum uric acid (SUA) levels and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Settings and Design:This study was a cross-sectional observational study on 103 diabetic patients conducted from September 2015 to May 2017.Subjects and Methods:We screened 103 patients with type 2 DM between the ages of 30–65 years. SUA levels and the CIMT were measured. The patients were divided into quartiles based on uric acid level. The CIMT of the quartiles is compared and analyzed.Statistical Analysis Used:Chi-squared test, Analysis of Variance, and Pearson's correlation.Results:Uric acid levels were positively associated with CIMT (P = 0.001). The association remained significant after further adjustment for potential confounders. Strong correlation was found among them as depicted by correlation coefficient (r = 0.779).Conclusions:Carotid atherosclerosis as measured by IMT is associated with SUA levels in patients with type 2 DM.

Harnessing basic and clinic tools to evaluate SGLT2 inhibitor nephrotoxicity.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of medications that target the transporter that reabsorbs ~90% of glucose in the S1 segment of the proximal convoluted tubule. As a result, SGLT2 inhibition increases urinary glucose excretion, effectively lowering plasma glucose levels. In addition to reducing hemoglobin A1c levels, these drugs also lower body weight, blood pressure, and uric acid levels in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Importantly, empagliflozin has been observed to slow progression of kidney disease and reduce dialysis requirements in T2DM patients. However, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) has collected over 100 cases of acute kidney injury (AKI) for canagloflozin and dapagliflozin since their approval. Of the 101 patients, 96 required hospitalization, 22 required intensive care unit admission, and 15 underwent hemodialysis. The FDA now requires that AKI be listed as a potential side effect of the SGLT2 inhibitors along with cautious prescription of these drugs with other medications, such as renin-angiotensin-system antagonists, diuretics, and NSAIDs. It is unclear, however, whether this FAERS reported "AKI" actually represents structural kidney injury, as randomized, controlled trials of these drugs do not describe AKI as an adverse event despite coprescription with RAS blockers and diuretics. As a result of this FDA warning, diabetic patients with early-stage CKD may not be prescribed an SGLT2 inhibitor for fear of AKI. Thus, it is imperative to ascertain whether the reported AKI represents true structural kidney injury or a functional decline in glomerular filtration rate. We propose using readily available clinical tools with experimental biomarkers of kidney injury and kidney-on-a-chip technology to resolve this question and provide solid evidence about the AKI risk of these drugs for healthcare providers.

Assessment of serum uric acid levels in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, producing hyperglycemia and is affected by factors like insulin resistance. Hyperglycemia can produce reactive oxygen species or free radicals due to its effects on various pathways. These free radicals may lead to oxidative stress in diabetes and as a preventive measure; the body may increase its preventive antioxidants. Objectives: Uric acid is considered to be an antioxidant and this study was undertaken to understand the relation of serum uric acid levels in Type 2 diabetes patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done and included 100 individuals (50 Type 2 diabetes cases and 50 normal controls). Fasting blood glucose level and 2-h postprandial blood glucose level were estimated by glucose oxidase-peroxidase endpoint method, and serum uric acid levels were measured by uricase-trinder endpoint method on fully automated chemistry analyzer. Results: Serum uric acid levels were significantly elevated in Type 2 diabetes patients group as compared to nondiabetic controls. The mean uric acid level in cases was found to be 8.02 ± 1.86 mg/dl, whereas in controls, it was found to be 3.73 ± 1.06 mg/dl. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Monitoring of serum uric acid levels in persons having Type 2 diabetes can help in knowing the effects of oxidative stress in these cases and can be used as an aid to other tests.

Higher Serum Uric Acid May Contribute to Cerebral Infarction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Meta-Analysis

Higher levels of serum uric acid tend to increase the diabetes-related complications. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate whether the higher serum uric acid levels were associated with cerebral infarction in type 2 diabetes patients. We searched for relevant studies in the PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China BioMedicine, and VIP database until August 2015. All observational studies comparing serum uric acid levels in type 2 diabetic patients with and without cerebral infarction were included. We calculated the ratio of means (RoM) of serum uric acid by mean cerebral infarction/mean diabetic control from the individual studies and then pooled RoM and its 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 23 eligible studies were identified. Pooled estimates indicated that type 2 diabetes patients with cerebral infarction were associated with 29% (RoM 1.29; 95% CI 1.26-1.31) higher serum uric acid levels than those without cerebral infarction in a random effect model. Subgroup analyses based on gender indicated that RoM was 1.23 (95% CI 1.09-1.38) for men and 1.12 (95% CI 0.98-1.27) for women. This meta-analysis suggests that higher serum uric acid levels may contribute to cerebral infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Serum uric acid and its relation to adenosine deaminase, lipid profile and oxidative stress in Diabetes Mellitus type 2

Aim/Background: Serum uric acid is an end product of purine catabolism. The relationship between the serum uric acid adenosine deaminase, lipid profile and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus was studied to evaluate its role as one of the risk factor for coronary artery disease. Methods: The serum uric acid level in type 2 diabetes mellitus was compared with controls. The correlation between serum uric acid with adenosine deaminase (ADA), parameters of oxidative stress and serum lipids was also evaluated. Results: We observed serum uric acid level (5.74±0.49) mg/dl is significantly (p

Linagliptin, a xanthine-based dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, decreases serum uric acid levels in type 2 diabetic patients partly by suppressing xanthine oxidase activity

Linagliptin, a xanthine-based dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, decreases serum uric acid levels in type 2 diabetic patients partly by suppressing xanthine oxidase activity

Blood Pressure and Uric Acid in Diabetes Mellitus

The existence of a strong association between arterial hypertension and hyperuricemia has been recognized for more than a century. Initial data showed that hyperuricemia could be present in as many as 30% of untreated hypertensive patients, rising to around 60% in those receiving antihypertensive therapy, particularly diuretics.1 Recent studies have provided evidence for a casual role of hyperuricemia in the pathogenesis of hypertension,2 chronic kidney disease,3 and type 2 diabetes,4 favoring the possibility that uric acid may play a role in the epidemic of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiorenal disease.5 Development of progressive renal damage as a result of any of the two most frequent causes of end-stage renal disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, contributes to further increases in uric acid levels and its potential deletereous cardiorenal consequences.6 In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Hypertension, Bjornstad and colleagues7 describe the existence of a paradoxical situation consisting of an inverse relationship between serum uric acid and systolic blood pressure in patients with type 1 diabetes. This situation compares with the finding of the expected positive association between uric acid and systolic blood pressure observed in the control group of the nondiabetic population included in the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes Study. It is known that the levels of serum uric acid are lower in type 1 diabetic patients compared with the general population8; however, it has been demonstrated that in type 1 diabetes, serum uric acid levels are associated with microvascular endothelial dysfunction,9 with the development of microalbuminuria,10 which reflects early diabetic nephropathy, and also with the progression of subclinical coronary aterosclerosis.11 As nicely reviewed by the authors of the paper to which this commentary is devoted, the explanation of their finding is not easy and they make a very good review of possibilities. One of them is that serum uric acid levels can fall in diabetics as a consequence of glycosuria leading to proximal tubular dysfunction and enhanced uricosuria.12 In fact, serum uric acid levels are higher in patients with better diabetes control and less glycosuria.13 Recently, a new class of antidiabetic drugs is available in Europe and the United States, the sodium glucose cotransport-2 (SGLT2 inhibitors to be used mainly in type 2 diabetic patients. The main mechanism of this class of drugs is the induction of glucosuria through which they obtain a significant reduction in hemoglobin A1c and fasting plasma glucose.14 These effects are accompanied by a significant decrease in body weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and, interestingly, serum uric acid levels. Further studies are needed, but glycosuria could be the main effector after the finding of decreased serum uric acid levels in type 1 diabetes and the presence of an inverse association between this parameter and systolic blood pressure at least before renal damage develops and progresses.