Urea Molasses Mineral Block Research Articles

Effect of Pashu chocolate supplementation on production and reproductive performance of milch buffalo under field conditions of semi arid region

Pashu chocolate is the brand name of the urea molasses mineral block formulated by KVK, Panchmahal by using of urea, molasses, wheat bran, area specific mineral mixture, black salt, etc. for augment milk production and reproductive performance of dairy animals. A study was conducted to find out the efficacy of Pashu chocolate supplementation on productive and reproductive performance of milking buffalo and feed economics at farmers field in semi-arid zone, during the year 2018 to 2019. Twenty, lactating Mehsana breed of buffalo were randomly selected and distributed equally in to two groups ten each in a completely randomized design i.e., T1 (Control) and T2 (Pashu chocolate supplementations). In the feeding schedule of the present study T1 animals were given 5 to 6 kg dry roughage (sorghum/pearl millet) with green fodder (20 kg Napier-lucerne) added to 2.5 kg concentrate feed/ day, whereas an ad lib lick of UMMB (Pashu chocolate) was offered in the T2 Group in addition to the feeding schedule of T1 Group. An increase of 24.56% in milk i.e., from 6.23±0.40 to 7.76±0.54 L per day was recorded after comparing the outcomes of the two treatments. This significant (P˂0.05) increase in milk production indicates a positive impact of Pashu chocolate on the performance of milch buffaloes. Supplementation of Pashu chocolate as an ad lib lick reduced the postpartum estrus period and service period from 79.7±7.43 and 132.00±13.34 days to 54.3±4.41 and 81.60±7.54 days, respectively. Hence, the findings in the present study indicate beneficial effects of Pashu chocolate on productive and reproductive traits of buffaloes in semi-arid climatic conditions.

Supplementing urea molasses mineral block improves growth performances and blood biochemical parameters of Mithun calves (Bos frontalis)

This experiment aimed to determine the effect of urea molasses mineral block (UMMB) supplementation on growth performances and blood biochemical parameters of Mithun calves (Bos frontalis). Ten growing Mithun calves were allocated into two groups (control and UMMB) and the diet including natural grass (50%) and tree forage (50%) was used as basal diet. The Mithun calves from control group were fed only basal diet and calves from treatment group were fed basal diet with supplementation of UMMB. This experiment lasted for 12 weeks and nutrient intakes, digestibility, energy status, body weight gain and blood biochemical parameters were measured. The intakes, digestibilities and digestible intakes of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre, energy intake, energy balance, mineral intake, total weight gain and average daily gain (ADG) were higher (p < 0.05) in UMMB supplemented group than in control group. The serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), globulin, calcium, available phosphorus, sodium and potassium concentrations of UMMB supplemented group was also significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of control group, however the albumin and chloride concentrations were not different (p > 0.05). Thus, UMMB supplementation increased the growth performances and some blood biochemical parameters of growing Mithun calves.

Urea molasses mineral block under various feeding systems improved nutrient digestibility, productive performance and blood biochemical profile of Yaks

BackgroundThe study aimed to investigate the effect of urea molasses mineral blocks (UMMB) on nutrient digestibility, productive performance and blood biochemical profile of indigenous yaks under various feeding systems. A total of sixteen yaks were randomly divided into four groups (n = 4 animal per group) and offered the, following feeding systems: (A) stall feeding, (B), urea molasses mineral block (UMMB) + stall feeding, (C) yard feeding and (D) UMMB + yard feeding. Trial lasted for 40 days.ResultsResults showed that nutrients intake (g) and nutrient digestibility (%) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and crude fiber (CF) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in stall and yard feeding groups with UMMB licking. Blood zinc, cobalt, hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), glucose and serum glutamate private transaminase (SGPT) significantly (p < 0.05) increased in stall and yard feeding with UMMB licking. Milk yield, Ca and monounsaturated fatty acid except milk composition improved significantly (p < 0.05) in stall and yard feeding groups with UMMB licking.ConclusionIt was concluded that feeding of UMMB improved utilization of low-quality roughages and best results were obtained from stall and yard feedings with UMMB licking as compared to other groups.

PENGONTROLAN PARASIT SALURAN PENCERNAAN KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWA MELALUI PENGGUNAAN SUPLEMEN PAKAN DAN HERBAL

This study aims to control the gastrointestinal helminth parasite of Peranakan Etawa (PE) goats through the use of herb and feed supplements. A total of 20 PE goats with an average body weight of 19.74 ± 4.21 kg were divided into 4 groups. This study used a Completely Randomized Block Design consisting of 4 groups and 4 treatments. The treatment given to goats was P0: without Urea Molasses Mineral Block (UMMB) supplements and anthelmintic, P1: UMMB 100 g (1 day), P2: Albendazole (1 day), P3: UMMB 100 g + Curcuma xanthorrhiza (3 days), P4: UMMB 100 g + Curcuma xanthorrhiza (7 days). The data collected were prevalence, type of gastrointestinal parasites, and egg count per gram (EPG) of feces. Examination of EPG using the Floatation method. The results of the study obtained the prevalence of helminth parasites 100%. The types of helminth parasites found are Strongyloides, Haemonchus, Bunostomus, Dicrocoelium, Avitellina, and Oesophagustomum. The EPG reduction in UMMB and UMMB+Curcuma xanthorrhiza treatment (3 days) was the highest at around 64.88%. It was concluded that all goats were infested with helminth parasites with a mild level of infestation (epg &lt; 100). The types of helminth parasites found are Strongyloides, Haemonchus, Bunostomus, Dicrocoelium, Avitellina, and Oesophagustomum. The use of feed supplements and herbs can reduce helminth parasites infections in PE goats

Impact Evaluation of Training Programmes on Dairy Farming in Punjab State

Dairy farming is emerging in a big way in the recent years. Although production of milk has increased, productivity is still not up to the mark. KVK, Kapurthala has helped increase the knowledge, inculcate skills and improve socioeconomic status of the rural poor. It was found that the average herd size with dairy farmers increased from 7.68 to 9.21 after the training. Knowledge level of trainees in breed characteristics, disease management, feed management etc. also increased. Number of trainees having knowledge about feed preparation technology increased from 6.67 to 100.00 per cent. Average knowledge score of the trainees increased from 3.64 to 6.39. The acquired knowledge farmers actually applied at their farms, which resulted in enhancement of their daily income. It was noticed that none of the trainees used Urea Molasses Mineral Block (UMMB) licks before the training, while after training percentage of trainees using UMMB licks was 18.75 per cent. Hence, besides gain in knowledge there was adoption of demonstrated technologies among the dairy farmers. Because of improved management at dairy farms, the average milk production per animal per day increased from 6.76 l to 6.93 l. The average reduction in cost of management of disease per animal per year was approximately Rs. 708.22. Increase in net profit per animal per year was Rs. 2607.82. Thus, it can be concluded that specialized training courses in dairy farming are proving to be beneficial to the dairy farmers by enhancing their socio-economic status.

Comparison of Fodder Species with or without Nutrient Supplementation for Paddy Straw-based Dairy Cattle Production in Hills of Nepal

Productivity of crossbred dairy cattle in the milk production pockets of Nepali hills are considerably low due to their severe undernourishment in the paddy straw-based feeding regimes. An experiment was carried out at on-farm of Tanahun district in order to compare popular fodders (Ficus semicordata cv. Montana S.M. Amatya and Pennisetum purpureum K. Schumach. cv Mott) with and without nutrient supplementation via the urea-molasses-mineral block (UMMB) for milk yield, milk fat content and lactometer reading. The experiment was conducted in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 10 replications. The milking cattle of Jersey crossbred from third to fifth parities with similar milk yields and stages of lactation were taken as the experimental animals. The results of the study showed that Rai khanayo (F. semicordata) fodder performed better (p&lt;0.01) than Napier (P. purpureum) for milk yield, milk fat content, and lactometer reading. Likely, significantly enhanced (p&lt;0.05) milk yield with better fat content and lactometer reading were obtained for the UMMB supplemented group. Feeding 10 kg of F. semicordata fodder with 300 g of UMMB supplementation, 10 kg of rice straw and 2 kg of wheat bran as the daily ration improved the milk yield, milk fat content, and lactometer reading considerably (p&lt;0.05) than other treatment combinations in the farmers’ field. These simple and practical technologies can rigorously be used for the substantial improvement of the milk yield and its constituents of crossbred dairy cattle, and also for their health in the hills of Nepal.

Effect of Feeding Solid Multi-Nutrient Blocks on Feed Intake, Nutrient Utilization and Haemato-Biochemical Profile of Crossbred Calves

Background: Supplementation of urea molasses mineral block (UMMB) showed promising results in improving the nutrient utilization and the productivity of animals. This offers several advantages such as easy transport, storage and handling and reduced risks of poisoning as compared with other approaches, such as giving a small amount of urea in drinking water, sprinkling of urea solution on fibrous feeds before feeding, or urea-ammonization of crop residues. These advantages of solid multi-nutrient blocks (SMB) opened up new vista to enhance productivity in terms of increased milk and meat production and higher reproductive efficiency in ruminant animal species. Keeping the above facts in view, this study was undertaken to determine the effect of feeding solid multinutrient blocks on feed intake, nutrient utilization and haemato-biochemical profile of crossbred calvesMethods: In this study twenty four crossbred male calves of about 14-17 months of age were divided into four groups of six animals in each group. All animals were supplied wheat straw ad lib. In addition, animals in all groups were fed a concentrate mixture to meet out their nutrient requirement. Additionally, 30 % of concentrate mixture (on CP basis) was replaced by solid multi-nutrient blocks (SMB-I), SMB-II and SMB-III in groups T1, T2 and T3, respectively. After 60 days of feeding a metabolism trial of 6 days was conducted to assess the nutrient utilization of animals. Blood samples were collected at 0, 75, 150 day of experimental feeding to determine hematological parameters, enzymes, biochemical parameters and serum mineral concentration.Result: The intake and digestibility of DM, OM, EE, NDF and ADF were comparable among 4 groups. The CP intake was significantly higher in SMB supplemented groups as compared to control but there was no significant difference in CP digestibility among 4 groups. All the animals in four groups were on positive nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balance. Haematobiochemical parameters like Hb, PCV, glucose, total protein, globulin, A:G, SGOT and SGPT showed non-significant differences (p greater than 0.05) among the groups, however, periodical serum concentrations of albumin, urea and creatinine was higher in crossbred calves at 75 and 150 days of experiment in comparison to 0 day. On basis of present results, it may be concluded that supplementation of SMB can replace 30% crude protein of concentrate mixture without any adverse effect on feed intake, digestibility, nutrient utilization and blood biochemical profile of crossbred calves.

Capacity Building for Dairy Farmers towards Commercialization of Green Corn Silage, Haylage and Urea Molasses Mineral Block

The study aimed to capacitate farmers as innovators in utilizing local feed resources for silage production, haylage, and Urea Molasses Mineral Block for commercialization. Commercialization among farmers hindered by: farmer's financing being supply-driven packages; limited programs designed to enhance farmer's entrepreneurship capabilities; scarce resources to invest on product's commercialization; and inadequate entrepreneurial competencies and exposure to business. After assessing their Personal Entrepreneurial Competence, training was undertaken through farmer based cooperative activities such as: assessment of farmer's personal entrepreneurial competencies; strategic analysis of cooperative competencies relative to environment; farmer's technical preparation; entrepreneurial competency enhancement; finance linkaging; and market linkaging/ market. The participatory operationalization components of farmers' capacity building resulted to: leaders' and members' active participation in planning and operationalization of trainings, mentoring, business plan preparations through resource sharing, decision-making and open discussions; increased support from government agencies; needs, resources, and capabilities of farmers' strengths and weaknesses became the hub of all capacity building activities; build-up of awareness on value of green corn as silage raw material, provide alternative to decrease risks from natural calamities risks; advocated for more demand-driven financing programs of government; expansion of programs on shared facilities and machineries; opened market linkages for farmers; produced green corn silage; enhanced their capacities as entrepreneurs and leaders; integrators ushered their entry to silage commercialization as partners and raw material suppliers; and access to cooperative's financing requires prompt repayment and performance.

Influence of Urea Molasses Mineral Blocks having Bentonite as Binder on Haemato-Biochemical and Serum Mineral Profile of Crossbred Calves

Influence of Urea Molasses Mineral Blocks having Bentonite as Binder on Haemato-Biochemical and Serum Mineral Profile of Crossbred Calves

Effect of urea molasses mineral block supplementation on milk production in murrah buffalo under small holder's production system

The present study was conducted at farmer’s field in Muzaffarnagar district of Uttar Pradesh to assess the response of urea molasses mineral block (UMMB) supplementation on milk production and body condition score in buffaloes. Twenty Murrah buffaloes in early lactation stage were selected and divided into two groups of 10 each. Animals of T1 group were given free access to urea molasses UMMB for two-three hours in the morning in addition to their normal ration for eight weeks after adaptation period of two weeks. However, the buffaloes in control (T0) group did not receive any supplement. The buffaloes were managed as per the standard feeding practices followed by the farmers. Significant increase in milk yield (P<0.05) was recorded due to feeding of UMMB as compared to control group. The daily milk yield of buffaloes was increased by 26.95 % due to supplementation of UMMB. Considering the present cost of feed supplement and the market price of milk, UMMB supplementation appears to be both economical and cost effective. Supplementation had a positive effect on milk production and BCS of buffaloes maintained under small holder conditions. However, there is need for long-term studies on more number of milch animals to assess the response of UMMB supplementation on animals’ health, production and reproductive performance under smallholder conditions.

Effect of Urea Treated Rice Straw along with Urea Molasses Mineral Block Supplementation on Body Weight Gain, Feed Intake and Haemato-biochemical Parameters of Working Bullocks

Effect of Urea Treated Rice Straw along with Urea Molasses Mineral Block Supplementation on Body Weight Gain, Feed Intake and Haemato-biochemical Parameters of Working Bullocks

Study On the Perception of Farmers on Adoption of Strategic Supplementation of Mineral Mixture and Urea Molasses Mineral Block in Buffaloes

An on farm research was conducted in Bidar district to study the study the response of buffaloes to strategic supplementation of mineral mixture and Urea Molasses Mineral Blocks or in combination of both and also to assess the perception of farmers. Forty eight lactating buffaloes which were in first trimester of lactation were randomly divided in to 4 groups viz, T0, T1, T2 and T3. The animals in T1, T2 and T3, group were supplemented with mineral mixture, UMMB and both respectively. The animals of T0 were kept as controls without any supplementation. The results showed that the combination of mineral mixture and UMMB significantly (p≤0.01) improved the milk yield. The conception rate among T1 group buffaloes was higher than that of T2, T3 and control group. Three-fourth of the farmers appreciated the increase in milk yield and 70 per cent of the farmers appreciated the increase in consistency of milk.

Impact of Area Specific Urea Molasses Mineral Block on the Production Performance of Pashmina Goats

Impact of Area Specific Urea Molasses Mineral Block on the Production Performance of Pashmina Goats

Effect of urea-molasses mineral block (UMMB) and medicated-UMMB supplementation on growth performance and feed gain ratio in goat kids

Forty eight nondescript breed of growing goat kids (6-9 months) were selected randomly on body weight basis and divided into three groups having four replicates (four animals in each replicate) to assessthe effect of urea-molasses mineral block (UMMB) and medicated-UMMB on their growth performance for 90 days. Group one (T1) was fed with roughage consisting of sola grasses (Aeschynomene indica L. ) and rhea leaves (Acacia leucophloea Roxb.) ad lib in equal proportion. The concentrate mixture (7 % DCP and 60 % TDN) ranging from 150 to 250g was fed to different kids depending on their body weight to meet protein and energy requirement. Group two (T2) was fed with the same roughage and concentrate mixture, in addition to ad lib supplementation of UMMB. Group three (T3) was fed with the same roughage and concentrate mixture, in addition to medicated-UMMB (Fenbendazole @ 0.5 g/kg feed block) ad lib for 10 days followed by un-medicated UMMB during rest of the trial period. The overall dry matter intake (499.38 g/day) and average body weight gain (54.23 g/day) of goat kids were the highest (p&lt;0.01) when fed with feed mixture containing medicated-UMMB. The UMMB and M-UMMB can be incorporated in the conventional feeding practice of goat kids for their better growth and development.

Effect of concentrate and urea molasses mineral block (UMMB) supplementation on the growth and feed consumption of Mecheri lambs under intensive rearing

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of concentrate and urea molasses mineral block (UMMB) supplementation on sheep under intensive system of rearing. Eight weaned Mecheri ram lambs were reared under concentrate (T1) and UMMB (T2) supplementation for 150 days. There was no significant difference between the groups in final body weight at the end of growth trial. Cumulative DMI was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.01) in T1 group than T2 but, the supplementation of UMMB increased the intake of other fodders. Cumulative body weight gain was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) in T1 group in 5 months of the feeding experiment. Cumulative FCR was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) in T1 group in 0 to 60 and 0 to 90 days period and there after the difference was not significant. Cumulative per cent feed efficiency was better in T1 group at 0 to 90 days and 0 to 150 days of the experiment. It was concluded that UMMB could be used as a versatile non protein nitrogenous supplement to replace concentrate feed for intensively reared Mecheri sheep.

Urea-molasses mineral block: it's time to make a decision

Subject area New product development (NPD), entrepreneurship and strategic management. Study level/applicability Advanced undergraduate, MBA/MSc in Marketing and Management course that cover the topics on NPD. Case overview This case illustrates that commercialization of a new product requires a proper strategic direction to make it a reality. The case fact is positioned in livestock feed industry centered on commercialization of a newly developed urea-molasses mineral block (UMMB) or called Nutriblock. Dr Wan, a Senior Principal Research Officer of Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), developed food supplement for ruminants which contained urea, molasses, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. Dr Wan believed that the UMMB was a better quality food supplement compared to products in the markets because it contained 12 raw feed ingredients and an anthelmintic medication. After almost 10 years of research, in 2003, Dr Wan completed his research and, thus, wanted to get a suitable way to commercialize this product. He had two options: commercializing the technology through licensing of intellectual property right (IPR), or to transfer it as a public domain. The Business Development Unit(BDU) was responsible for the former option, whereas Centre for Promotion and Technology Transfer (CPPT) was in charge for the latter. At the beginning of2006, MARDI decided to commercialize the Nutriblock through licensing the IPR to March Avenue Technology Sendirian Berhad (March Avenue), a newly formed company. March Avenue was formed byKarthiir, a lawyer and Ma Irwan, an electrical engineer. The operation was going smoothly for the first two years. However, problem started in 2008 when Karthiir left the company due to some disagreement with Ma Irwan. Since then, March Avenue failed to achieve its sales target that seriously affected its profit level. Moreover, it suffered from internal management problem. The company finally closed down at the end of 2009. By this four year of operation, March Avenue failed to pay any royalty to MARDI. This circumstance forced Dr Wan to think seriously about his next move regarding choosing the right way of commercializing his Nutriblock. MARDI requested him to give his opinion by January 15, 2010 about whether to give another chance to BDU to commercialize this technology through IPR or to go for public domain under CPPT? Expected learning outcomes Using this case, students can learn that new product development and its commercialization requires proper strategic directions. It illustrates the importance of managing the commercialization of a new product effectively. NPD involves many stages, and it is important to manage every stage properly. This is because a “high-quality product” and/or a “new to the market” product are not enough to succeed in the market. In other words, producing a “product that meets market needs” must be combined with appropriate strategies. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Effect of concentrate and urea molasses mineral block supplementation on the blood biochemistry of off season Mecheri lambs

A study was undertaken to assess the blood biochemical parameters of off season Mecheri male lambs, under concentrate and urea molasses mineral block (UMMB) supplementation. In the growth trial, 24 lambs in three groups of eight lambs each were reared under grazing for a period of 180 days; T1 - Grazing alone, T2- Grazing + concentrate supplementation, T3 - Grazing + UMMB supplementation. Blood samples were collected at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days of experiment. Serum protein increased (P ambs were influenced by supplementation.

Bottlenecks in Adoption of Feeding Practices for Dairy Animals in District Kapurthala

The present study was undertaken to find out the bottlenecks in adoption of recommended feeding practices by dairy farmers in district Kapurthala. The data were collected through a questionnaire from a total of 200 dairy farmers. It was observed that 27.5 and 39.5 per cent of farmers were having animals between 1 to 5 and 6 to 10, respectively. On the other, 46.5 per cent farmers were keeping less than 5 lactating animals and 28 per cent were possessing between 6 to 10 lactating animals. Only 5.5 per cent farmers were keeping lactating animals more than 20. The present study revealed that poor knowledge about the nutritive value of feed ingredients (86.5%), high cost of raw feed ingredients (28%), shortage of skilled and committed labour (32.5%) were found to be major bottlenecks regarding adoption of cattle feed formulation technology at the dairy farm. Lack of awareness among dairy farmers (82%), regarding role of mineral mixture and its use followed by its non availability in villages (90%) were the main limitations in its adoption. Non availability of urea molasses mineral block (UMMB, 95%), Poor infrastructure available for milking lactating animals (92.5%), no knowledge about fodder preservation (95%) and lack of knowledge about disease symptoms (90%) were considered the major problems faced by the dairy farmers in the adoption of feeding practices in the district.

Medicated urea molasses mineral block and tannin on growth performance, nutrient utilization and nematodosis in goat kids

Indigenous goat kids (20; 3 to 5 months, average body wt-12 kg) were offered ad lib. rice straw and berseem hay (40:60) to assess growth performance and nutrient utilization. Group 1 was fed concentrate mixture (100g/d). Groups 2,3,4 and 5 were supplemented with urea molasses mineral block (UMMB), medicated urea molasses mineral block (Med-UMMB containing fenbendazole @0.5g/kg), tannin (5% of DM) and UMMB plus tannin (5% of DM) respectively. The animals were given trickle infection (200L3/d) of gastrointestinal nematodes (Haemonchus sp. and Cooperia sp. in the dose ratio of 9:1) for consecutive 10 days. Dry matter (DM) intake, total digestible nutrient (TDN) intake, growth performance and nitrogen (N) balance revealed no significance between treatment and control whereas digestible crude protein (DCP) intake, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) balance for T2, T3 and T5 showed significant improvement over control. Humoral immune response against calf red blood cells (CRBC) was significantly higher in T4 as compared to control. Thus it may be concluded that dietary supplementation of med-UMMB and tannin have no effect on growth performance whereas tannin significantly improved the humoral immune response of kids.

Improving productive performance of crossbred cattle in cold arid conditions of Kargil through UMMB supplementation

The study was carried-out to assess the response of urea molasses mineral block (UMMB) supplementation on milk yield and cost effectiveness with lactating crossbred cows, maintained under smallholder mixed farming system at cold arid conditions, Kargil. Crossbred cows (20) in early to mid lactation were selected; 10 cows were given free access to UMMB in addition to normal ration and the other 10 cows served as control. Supplementation of UMMB licks significantly increased feed intake, milk yield and maintained live weight and body condition score of the cows. UMMB improved general health of the animals with enhanced cash benefit of over ` 41.1/cow/day. The UMMB supplementation technology was found a cost-effective approach to maximize the utilization of locally available feed resources which are scarce in the region as it remains covered with snow and cutoff from rest of world for 6 months.