Urban Solid Waste Management System Research Articles

Quantitative Analysis of Colombian Waste Picker’s Profile

Even though waste pickers play a crucial role in the urban solid waste management system in developing countries, their social, familial, and labor conditions remain uncertain. In this study, we analyzed the profiles of waste pickers in Colombia using multivariate statistical methods and cluster analysis. Our findings indicate that the majority of waste pickers have only completed elementary or high school education, and most of them are not associated with any organization and belong to the subsidized health regime. We identified five profiles of waste pickers in the population. The first consists of the most experienced individuals, while the second comprises individuals with the lowest salaries. The third includes older individuals who work more hours per day. The fourth is made up of individuals who work in the informal sector, and the fifth includes individuals who work in the formal sector. Our study highlights specific actions to be taken for each profile. Improving family and household conditions, social and educational status, and job conditions can have a significant impact on their lives.

Analysis of the performance of urban solid waste management system in Brazilian municipalities through data envelopment analysis

Analysis of the performance of urban solid waste management system in Brazilian municipalities through data envelopment analysis

Catalysing urban transformation through women’s empowerment in cooperative waste management: the SWaCH initiative in Pune, India

ABSTRACT Waste is the visible outcome of socioeconomic processes such as urbanisation and industrialisation. Yet the negative impacts of waste mismanagement are often externalised and invisibilised in the metabolism of cities, in which informal waste labourers often assume the heaviest burden. In this paper, we approach cities as sociocultural arenas in which agents work within and around structural constraints to allow transformation to take place. Our paper analyses how grassroots activism, NGO-municipality collaboration, and women's empowerment led to realising transformative potential for both solid waste management and social inclusion in the Indian city of Pune. We analyse the case of SWaCH Pune Seva Sahakari Sanstha (SWaCH), a predominantly-female social cooperative of waste pickers, to show how supporting and enhancing informal labour can produce multiple positive outcomes. Our analysis also examines the role that the women waste pickers themselves played in bringing about change. We consider the structural constraints for achieving deeper and broader impact and assess what these indicate for the long-term success of this initiative. We also illustrate how power structures tend to constrain bottom-up transformation approaches, regardless of their transformative potential. Above all, SWaCH's story shows how working with informality rather than seeking to eradicate it can result favourably in moving towards the legitimisation and gradual institutionalisation of a pro-poor urban solid waste management system in which women's empowerment is expressed not only for their benefit but also for the states, the citizens and the environments.

Assessment of urban solid waste management systems for Industry 4.0 technology interventions and the circular economy.

The ongoing fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0 (I4.0), is transforming various industries across the globe. At the same time, resource scarcity with high consumption rates has led to the development of the circular economy. Both concepts advocate for sustainable growth and waste minimization. In developing countries, the integrated solid waste management framework is undergoing modification under I4.0 and the circular economy. Urban local bodies are often unable to measure the readiness of their waste management systems to transform under I4.0 and the circular economy. Here the novel concept of Waste 4.0 is developed. 'Waste 4.0' is a readiness assessment tool to promote the comprehensive transformation of municipal solid waste management under I4.0 and circular economy. This tool has eight determinants for assessing the municipal solid waste management of urban local bodies. To validate Waste 4.0 the urban local bodies of Indore and Sagar, India were used as case studies. The readiness index for I4.0 in the municipal solid waste management system in Indore and Sagar was 0.72 and 0.14, respectively. The readiness index for circular economy focus in Indore and Sagar was 0.65 and 0.13, respectively. The Indore urban local body was classified as an 'Experienced' player for I4.0 Intervention and a 'circular economy fast adopter' for circular economy focus under I4.0 readiness. The Sagar urban local body was classified as a 'Hesitator' player for I4.0 Intervention and achieved the 'Business as usual' tag for circular economy focus under I4.0 readiness. With the Waste 4.0 assessment results urban local bodies can better plan and thus transform their municipal solid waste management systems under I4.0 and the circular economy.

Analysis of Urban Solid Waste Management System of Bangladesh and Germany Waste Management System

Bangladesh is a low-lying riverine country. Unplanned growth of urban population causes audacious generation of solid wastes and strives immense pressure on existing services and environment. At present days, urban solid waste management is considered as most immediate and demanding environmental problems vexing Municipal authorities or urban governments in developing Asian countries like Bangladesh. Cities are now clashing with the serious problems of high amount of waste. The traditional concepts and inferior technologies of collecting waste are becoming incomplete as well as incompetent resulting more than half of the engendered solid wastes remain uncollected, disposed of regionally, forging the environmental view of cities quite murky and disheartening for the future. In waste management system, Germany is a role model for the world and the New German Closed-Cycle management is aiming to curve the waste management into resource management. The main intent of this research study is to categories in the solid wastes, discussing the issues of waste generation, a popular method for solid waste management, gasification schematic and waste-management model for Bangladesh. This study also explains Germany Closed-Cycle Management Act as well as waste treatment facilities, recovery, and disposal rate in Germany. Germany keeps very high-quality to preserve soil, air and water from the emissions integrated with waste storage and treatment.

Solid waste dumping site selection using GIS-based multi-criteria spatial modeling: a case study in Logia town, Afar region, Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Several, countries are struggling to establish proper waste management systems in the context of increasing population and urbanization. Urban solid waste management system needs solid waste management technique, where presence of a sanitary landfill is vital. One of the most important issues of sanitary landfill is to identify suitable locations. The main objective of the present study was to identify suitable solid waste disposal sites that are economically feasible, environmentally sound, and socially acceptable in Logia town, Ethiopia, applying Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System techniques. The present study was based on thematic maps such as groundwater well points, slope, fault, built-up area, road network, river, land-use/land-cover, geology and soil map. Analytical Hierarchy Process pair-wise comparison model was used to accomplish weights of factor parameters. Suitability map was prepared by overlay analyses and assigned as highly suitable, suitable, moderately suitable, less suitable and unsuitable. Results show that 5.93% of the study area is highly suitable, 6.5% is suitable, 3.23% is moderately suitable, 1.02% is less suitable and 83.32% is unsuitable for solid waste dumping in Logia town. Field observations also confirmed suitability of the selected sites, and hence this method can be used in urban areas for waste dumping site selection procedure. Selected sites are considered to be suitable for landfill to minimize environmental risk and human health problems.

English

Globally, solid waste management has in recent times attracted massive attention, and one of the commonly cited areas is the sprawling cities and urban communities, where plastics and other solid waste have become major management challenge. In Ghana, solid waste management has become a major problem, particularly in urban settlements. The overall objective of the study was to investigate the key factors that underlie the effective urban solid waste management systems in Kumasi, the capital of the Ashanti region, and the second largest city in Ghana. In achieving the study objectives, exploratory and qualitative methods of research were adopted both in data collection and analysis. This comprised review of relevant literature, key informant interviews and observations. Results of the study showed that there was an inadequate budgetary allocation to manage solid waste in the Kumasi Metropolis. A deeper assessment of the situation further showed that bad attitude and the breakdown of sanctions for non-compliance with local authorities’ solid waste management by-laws by citizens were important contributory factors. The study concludes that ineffective solid waste management systems have become a major challenge facing city authorities. This challenge must be addressed holistically because solid waste management is a multi-dimensional issue. The study recommends increased public education and awareness creation on the negative implications of indiscriminate waste generation and disposal on human and environmental health by urban and communal (chiefs/assemblymen) authorities for attitudinal change. Key words: Community engagement, local attitudes, environmental management, non-compliance, sanctions.

MANAJEMEN SAMPAH PADAT DI KOTA BANDUNG DAN METODE ALTENATIF PENGOLAHANNYA

The problem of mucipal waste management in the city of Bandung has been an unsolved problem to date. The rapid population growth plus many new arrivals to the city of Bandung have increased waste production from year to year. According to the Department of Environment and Sanitation, the city of Bandung produces around 1477 metric tons of solid waste per day, of which 63% is organic matter. Garbage collection in the city of Bandung is managed by the city government through the BUMD which handles it. About 44.3% of solid waste management in Bandung city is composted to produce fertilizer material, 54.7% is rejected and dumped in landfills. 23% of non-organic waste is mostly recycled and around 11.3% is taken to landfills, while 14% of residual waste such as B3 is dumped. This investigation also includes an analysis of the economic benefits that can be realized by implementing incineration and a discussion of the challenges faced in the city of Bandung to implement changes to the existing urban solid waste management system.

Development of Vehicle Routing model in urban Solid Waste Management system under periodic variation: A case study

Collection cost of municipal solid waste constitutes the maximum portion in fund allocated for waste management. It can be minimized by taking the proper strategic decisions regarding the vehicle routing of collection vehicles. In this study, collection routes have been identified for 15 wards of Bilaspur city, India. A daily variation in waste generation from different sources has been considered. Constraints on a number of vehicles, routes and vehicle capacity were considered for the routing of vehicles. The Clark and Wright algorithm has been applied to find the optimal route of the vehicle. The network analyst tool set available in ArcGIS was used to find the optimized route for solid waste collection considering all the required parameters. The study also demonstrates the significant cost and carbon reductions that can be obtained due to the proper routing of the vehicle.

Development of a municipal solid waste management decision support tool for Naples, Italy

Naples has experienced serious waste mismanagement during the last several decades. Illegal waste trafficking, the lack of an appropriate municipal solid waste management plan, and the subsidizing of energy generation from indiscriminate waste incineration generated social unrest and an unremitting paralysis of waste services throughout much of the late 1990s and early 2000s. The waste situation in Naples is a “hot spot” that cannot be simply described or explained by theoretical and linear models or analyses based on conventional waste indicators. A novel approach for the assessment of urban solid waste management system performance is proposed to overcome the limitations of conventional methods. When dealing with the production and use of scientific information for governance, scientists, especially those used to just “crunch numbers” have a serious problems in providing a useful input to the process of decision making. This paper presents a method useful for organizing a process of production and use of scientific information in which both scientists and the other social actors can have a bidirectional and constructive exchange of information. The goal of this method is to guarantee the quality of the process of generation and use of quantitative science to generate informed deliberations about policies over Municipal Solid Waste Management. The proposed approach builds on metabolic network theory and multi-scale integrated analysis of societal and ecosystem metabolism (MuSIASEM). The current metabolic pattern of municipal solid waste in the Metropolitan Area of Naples is described and quantified across hierarchical scales and dimensions. The analysis shows that the current Neapolitan waste management system is characterized by an elevated share (60%) of waste treated outside of the metropolitan ambit, and a low rate of separate collection (37%). Simulation of (i) metropolitan self-sufficiency of urban waste final disposal, and (ii) increased recycling rate show, respectively (i) an increase in both financial burden and local environmental impact; (ii) a lessening of the local environmental impact and an increase of running costs and higher need of local waste processing capacity.

URBAN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN CAXIAS DO SUL/BRAZIL: PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES

Solid waste management is become a challenge for the cities’ authorities in developing countries mainly due rapid economic growth and population increasing. In cities of the developing world, the informal sector plays an important role in the management of urban solid waste. This work examines the participation of scavengers in an integrated municipal solid waste management system. The paper is based on direct field observations, interviews with scavengers and characterization of the urban solid waste generated in Caxias do Sul. The partnership between municipal government and local scavengers were also evaluated as well as the contribution of the scavengers in the urban solid waste management system. The study reveals that is necessary realize a campaign for improve the waste segregation at source, the infrastructure of the scavengers associations need to be improved and finally the scavengers need to be more deeply involved in the policies associated with the urban solid waste management system adopted in the city.

URBAN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN CAXIAS DO SUL/BRAZIL: PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES

Solid waste management is become a challenge for the cities’ authorities in developing countries mainly due rapid economic growth and population increasing. In cities of the developing world, the informal sector plays an important role in the management of urban solid waste. This work examines the participation of scavengers in an integrated municipal solid waste management system. The paper is based on direct field observations, interviews with scavengers and characterization of the urban solid waste generated in Caxias do Sul. The partnership between municipal government and local scavengers were also evaluated as well as the contribution of the scavengers in the urban solid waste management system. The study reveals that is necessary realize a campaign for improve the waste segregation at source, the infrastructure of the scavengers associations need to be improved and finally the scavengers need to be more deeply involved in the policies associated with the urban solid waste management system adopted in the city.

Zero waste in Los Angeles: Is the emperor wearing any clothes?

This article asks how effectively and to what extent contemporary urban solid waste management systems can effect sustainable materials use. To assess this we first trace the origins of waste management in the U.S., identify the existing federal regulatory framework, and examine trends in waste generation and composition. We then describe waste management in Los Angeles, California, including identifying the city's waste management objectives and current programs, a long-range “zero waste” planning process, and an overhaul of waste collection and processing infrastructure currently underway. We find that, although aggressive, Los Angeles’ efforts to achieve zero waste are insufficient for addressing resource conservation challenges. The main reasons for this are continued reliance on waste management approaches that have proven inadequate to address the increasing complexity of solid waste and limited data quantifying and characterizing waste generation patterns. The paper concludes by suggesting that addressing resource conservation in the U.S. will require renewed federal leadership as well as redoubled local efforts to improve waste flow accounting.

Modeling of urban solid waste management system: The case of Dhaka city

This paper presents a system dynamics computer model to predict solid waste generation, collection capacity and electricity generation from solid waste and to assess the needs for waste management of the urban city of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Simulated results show that solid waste generation, collection capacity and electricity generation potential from solid waste increase with time. Population, uncleared waste, untreated waste, composite index and public concern are projected to increase with time for Dhaka city. Simulated results also show that increasing the budget for collection capacity alone does not improve environmental quality; rather an increased budget is required for both collection and treatment of solid wastes of Dhaka city. Finally, this model can be used as a computer laboratory for urban solid waste management (USWM) policy analysis.

The regional urban solid waste management system: A modelling approach

The Urban Solid Waste Management System (USWMS) is intrinsically complex, because it involves different connected problems and must achieve objectives which are often in conflict. It is difficult to evaluate the various alternatives in planning and managing it. It is thus useful to use mathematical models to provide a tool describing and evaluating the USWMS. This work concerns the development of a location-allocation model for planning USWMS and some heuristic techniques for solving it. The results of the model are the number and the location of waste disposal plants, specifying the technology adopted, the amount of waste processed and the service basin of each plant. Particular care is given to the case of the Italian region Lombardy: the regional USWMS law is in fact a useful stimulus for a constructive comparison between the actual system and possible alternatives.

Indian urban solid waste management systems—Jaded systems in need of resource augmentation

In India, the systems of urban solid waste management are becoming increasingly expensive and complex because of continuous and unplanned growth of urban centres. The difficulties in providing the desired level of public service through them is often attributed to poor financial status of the managing municipal corporations. The systems, in practice, have to meet several objectives. Therefore, they cannot be analysed effectively by optimising models using the single objective of cost minimisation. To study the problems of resource gaps within the frame work of these conflicting objectives, an interactive goal programming model for multi-objective planning of the system is proposed. The model is applied to plane the solid waste operations for a typical Indian city. Initially, the model considers existing resource levels and methods of estimation. The results indicate that these resource levels are far too inadequate for achievement of even the primary goal of the system. The model is reapplied with augmented resources so that optimal resource requirements for the system to attain the desired objective are determined, and the resource planning gaps are identified.

Cost of Residential Solid Waste Collection

Governmental decision-making in metropolitan areas is becoming increasingly concerned with finding comprehensive solutions to area-wide problems. Development of an adequate urban solid waste management system for residential solid waste collection is such a problem. Although solid waste services offered by various civil subdivisions in a metropolitan area may be widely divergent, the factors influencing this service are similar. For example, within a given metropolitan area one town may offer twice-a-week, rear-of-the house collection service, while another town may offer once-a-week curb service. To analyze these two different systems on a metropolitan-wide basis, it is necessary to develop appropriate analytical tools. One possibility for analyzing these factors is to apply regression analysis to economic and operational data related to solid waste collection in a given metropolitan area. This technique is applied to such an area, and the relevant factors influencing solid waste collection are determined.