Urban Revenue Research Articles

Understanding Urban Land Leasing System as a Strategic Value Capture Instrument to Enhance Urban Revenue in Ethiopia: A Case Study of Bahir Dar City

Since 1993, the Ethiopian government has been using the urban land leasing system to monetize the increase in land value created due to factors other than private investment. Thus, this paper aims to explore and understand whether Bahir Dar city is leveraging the urban land lease system as a strategic value capture instrument to enhance its local revenue or not. This study has used the qualitative research method and in-depth analysis. It has used a desk review of documents and key informant interviews of experts and brokers to collect the data required to realize the objective of this study. The study has found that the majority of the urban land is held in a permit system, with landholders paying a small amount of land rent per annum. In addition, the study has uncovered that the city has transferred most of its land through administrative allotment at low and outdated benchmark prices, which has dwindled its lease revenue. Moreover, it has identified that there is weak enforcement of the lease payment collection, and it has adversely affected the city’s urban revenue generation potential. As a result, the city is not leveraging the public land leasing system as a strategic value capture instrument. Based on these findings, this paper has advised the government to implement a modern property tax system to capture value increment on permit holding land. In addition, the study proposes to carry out an empirical investigation and identify the factors that significantly affect the benchmark prices and update the benchmark price regularly given those factors. Moreover, the study has suggested a proper enforcement of the lease payment collection in the city.

Historical origins of the administrative justice of Poland, dating back to the times of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (before 1795)

The article is devoted to the historical origins of the administrative justice of Poland, dating back to the times of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. As is known, the formation of administrative proceedings on Polish lands took place in the second half of the nineteenth century under the rule of Prussia and Austria-Hungary, but some judicial authorities considered cases of public law in the XVII century. At this stage of the formation of legal mechanisms for resolving public lawsuits, they did not constitute a holistic system, but represented a number of powers of various authorities and officials of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.The organization and activities of the Crown Treasury Tribunal, also known as the Radom Tribunal, are analyzed. This body was formed in 1613 in connection with the crisis in the financial functions of the then state. It was considered the highest court aimed at counteracting encroachments on the state treasury. Due to insufficient efficiency in the new social conditions in 1764 the Crown Treasury Tribunal was abolished, and its powers were transferred to the commissions of treasury.As a result of the work of the General Sejm in 1764, the functions of judicial control over public administration were given to the Crown Treasury Commission, the Grand Military Commission, the Military Department of the Continuing Council, the Military Commission of Both Nations, the National Education Commission, and others. The jurisdiction of these entities extended to cases in the field of treasury, taxes, troops, education, city administration, etc. As a consequence of the reforms of 1764, the competences of the Marshal’s and Assessor courts of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth also changed, and they began to consider cases of an administrative-legal nature.In 1788, the Police Commission of Both Nations was established, to which the powers of the Commission of Marshals of both nations passed. This collegial authority consisted of so-called national marshals (Polish and Lithuanian) and 15 commissioners – three senators, six knights and six representatives of the cities. The Law on Free Royal Cities in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth of 1791 declared the jurisdiction of the Police Commission over cities for internal government and urban revenues. The formation of Polish administrative justice at that time did not take place, which hindered the disintegration of the state.

Application of panel data-generalized method of moments on the impact of urban output

This article summarized the mechanism of the impact of real estate tax on city output path, on the basis of selecting the Chinese provincial panel data from 2005 to 2019, by using the PD - GMM method. The real estate tax was taken as the core explanation variable, and was added a lot of control variables to establish the impact of real estate tax on city output 7 panel data models. We estimated and analyzed the robustness through Eviews software. Research results showed that: (1) from the national level, the real estate industry tax would have a significant effect on urban output, and there is a "U" shaped relationship between the output and the real estate tax and cities. At the beginning of the urban development, the city real estate tax inhibited output, when the urban economy was in the period of high quality development. The real estate tax on urban output result, had obvious function. (2) At the regional level, the real estate tax in the eastern region had a negative inhibitory effect on the urban revenue, while the real estate tax in the western region had a significant promoting effect on the urban revenue, and the influence degree was shown as the eastern>western>middle. (3) The more real estate investment and human capital are tilted to the west, the more favorable the development of the western region, while the impact on the eastern and central regions was not significant.

The Real Effects of Land Use Regulation: Quasi-Experimental Evidence From a Discontinuous Policy Variation

We provide quasi-experimental evidence of the effects of a relaxation of land use constraints on local economic activity. We exploit the fact that in 1999 the central government imposed fiscal rules on municipal governments and in 2001 it relaxed them for municipalities with less than 5,000 inhabitants. First, we show that municipalities rely on the urbanization revenues that they collect from issuing building permits to avoid fiscal distress and to finance current expenditure. The rise of building permits is concentrated in the non-residential market and is stronger after 2003, when urban revenues were allowed to pay for municipalities’ current expenditures. Second, we exploit this de facto reduction of firms’ entry barriers to examine downstream effects. We find a positive impact on employment growth and firms’ entry that is concentrated in non-tradable sectors.

El centro histórico de Orihuela (Alicante): de espacio patrimonial a espacio de rentas urbanas

<p>La ciudad de Orihuela reúne un rico patrimonio arquitectónico y urbanístico, heredado del Antiguo Régimen, muy afectado por la renovación impulsada por los primeros planes generales de ordenación urbana. Hasta 1994 no tuvo un plan especial que, no obstante, se vio alterado por la práctica del urbanismo de proyecto. Así, las estrategias desarrolladas sobre el centro histórico han podido orientarse hacia la producción de rentas urbanas. Son propuestas de rehabilitación selectiva junto a renovación masiva, apoyadas en las inversiones públicas en equipamientos para crear nuevas centralidades, que propician una recuperación aristocrática y tradicionalista, con una concepción muy sesgada de los paisajes históricos. Se mantiene la hipótesis de que la recuperación del centro histórico se orienta más hacia el negocio inmobiliario que hacia la rehabilitación de un espacio social. </p>

Can salaries and re-election prevent political corruption? An empirical evidence

Background and objectivesThis paper mainly focuses on decisions taken by politicians that may affect the level of municipal corruption. Specifically, we study whether local politicians’ incentives to be corrupt are influenced by the wages they receive and/or their intention to run for next elections. This issue has hardly been empirically tackled before at local level. Method and dataOur sample comprises 358 Spanish municipalities of over 20,000 inhabitants for the period 2004–2009. We use two different methods of estimation, ordinary least squares and ordered logit model, to analyze the influence of politician's wages and/or their intention to seek re-election on corruption. We utilize as gauge of corruption the total cases of urban corruption (reported in the online press) in each municipality during this period. ResultsWe show an impact of wages and re-election on corruption. First, relatively higher wages do not reduce politicians’ incentives to be corrupt. Second, when politicians want to be re-elected, corruption decreases. We also find that income level, income inequality, education level, municipal urban revenues and touristic nature of the municipality affect corruption. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that it is necessary that local governments pay particular attention to rules related to the way politicians’ wages are set and the term limits restrictions.

État Providence et politique du logement en Algérie

Cet article propose une lecture de l’ensemble des logiques et des mouvements sociaux (mise en place de réseaux informels de captation des biens résidentiels et du foncier, émeutes urbaines, etc...) s’étant développés ces dernières années à partir de l’accès aux biens résidentiels produits et distribués par l’État en considérant ce point comme central dans le contexte social et politique actuel. Ces biens résidentiels, très largement subventionnés du fait des avantages économiques qu’ils procurent indirectement (évasion locative) ou directement (vente spéculative sur le marché), sont devenus les formes par excellence à travers lesquelles se cristallisent les rentes urbaines comme formes dérivées de la rente pétrolière.

Do Urban Tax Rates Converge?

Abstract. Using a multiple regression model that seeks to explain why tax rates vary, the hypothesis is tested that similarly sized cities with similar economic functions would tend to have property tax rates that converged. What variations there are in an array of urban tax rates of 20 cities in the 100,000 to 200,000 class seem to be explained by density of settlement and by the extent to which non‐property tax sources bulk importantly in total urban revenues. The inference is drawn that convergence is in fact observable. Convergence would, of course, imply tax competition as among these cities.

Urban Revenue Structures: An Overview of Patterns, Trends, and Issues

Urban Revenue Structures: An Overview of Patterns, Trends, and Issues

Le temporel des archevêques de Rouen aux derniers siècles du moyen-âge

Doubtless put together in Merovingian times, the temporal possessions of the archbishops of Rouen were enlarged in the twelfth century, thanks to restitutions and, above all, to royal donations. A rapid transformation took place in the thirteenth century: substantial growth and diversification — due to exchanges with the king, purchases of lordships, of houses, or of rents in direct ownership, and reclamations and other improvements — of a patrimony which had become an instrument of spiritual administration. Reaching their maximum revenue around 1330, these temporalities were scarcely modified thereafter as regards their composition, but difficulties in the first half of the fifteenth century, which halved the revenue, affected above all the rural elements, so that the proportion of urban revenues — especially dues on commerce — increased. At once vast and varied, these temporalities take on a somewhat original aspect by comparison with many other ecclesiastical temporalities based on the ownership of rural domains or urban properties.

The Political Economy of Regional and Urban Revenue Policy in Indonesia

The Political Economy of Regional and Urban Revenue Policy in Indonesia

The Political Economy of Regional and Urban Revenue Policy in Indonesia

.he nomenclature of nationhood is misleading. Indonesia is not one country but many. By the historical accident of Dutch colonialism, some 3,000 islands and scores of traditional kingdoms have been assembled to constitute a single country. Not surprisingly, this regionalism persists to the present time and is strongly reflected in the multi-disciplinary literature of modern, post-independence Indonesia.' Our study of Indonesian regional finance therefore is part of a well-established tradition, but it comes at a period when, for the first time, national economic growth goals are beginning to compete with national political goals.