Urban Residential Housing Research Articles

Impact of Urban Village Redevelopment on the Migration Patterns of Rural Workers in China: A Policy Study

In China, to improve the quality of urbanization development, the government has carried out a series of urban village renovation programs, to achieve sustainable urban development. However, the renovation of urban villages has also caused new social problems, one of them is that many rural migrant workers may choose to return to their hometowns due to the displacement or unaffordable housing and living costs in urban areas. Considering the factors affecting the stay and departure of rural migrant workers, this study will focus on urban housing security policies. By analyzing the different urban village renovation policies and residential housing security policies in Beijing, Shenzhen and Hangzhou, it can be concluded that the policy reasons leading to the loss of rural migrant workers as mainly as follows: inadequate housing security policies with low coverage, policies not reflecting migrant workers' needs, and insufficient government-subsidized housing supply, making affordable urban housing scarce for these workers. Therefore, completing the housing security policy for rural migrant workers and providing them with suitable housing is the key to preventing a larger scale of rural migrant workers leaving urban areas.

Bibliometric Analysis of Urban Coastal Development: Strategies for Climate-Resilient Timber Housing

Urban development in coastal areas has become increasingly important due to the climate crisis and its effects on sea level rise and extreme events, which increased the vulnerability of coastal zones. Therefore, it is important to analyze possible sustainable development techniques in urban planning and residential housing construction based on low-carbon footprint materials such as timber. These techniques should be capable of mitigating the effects of flooding and uncontrolled rises in coastal areas, as well as identifying normative and economic differences in their application in the Chilean context. For this purpose, a bibliometric analysis of 3882 articles selected from the Web of Science database between 1987 and 2022 was conducted, allowing us to identify a range of possible solutions to be developed in the study area. This includes evaluating their potential for normative application and a cost analysis of these solutions. In this regard, housing solutions such as amphibious houses and houses on stilts are two types of flood-resistant homes that are gaining popularity worldwide. Following the technical–economic analysis, it was observed that the solution on stilts can be up to 50% more cost-effective to implement in Chile. However, both options offer a promising solution to minimize the risks of coastal flooding and should be taken into account in the urban planning of coastal areas.

Correlation between Socio-Economic Characteristics and Housing Quality of Residential Neighbourhoods in Akure, Southwest Nigeria

There is a general paucity of explanations for the emerging social and spatial changes in the pattern and socio-economic traits of urban residential housing units in Nigeria. Hence, this study examined the spatial pattern of residential neighbourhoods; assessed the quality of residential housing units; and evaluated the correlation between the socio-economic position of respondents and housing quality in Akure, Nigeria. Data were derived from the household questionnaire, remotely sensed data (Landsat 8 OLI/TIR, 2021), a Google Earth map, a Street Map of Akure Township, and personal observations. The study adopted a step-wise sampling technique to select 383 samples from 139,069 heads of households in Akure in 2021. Data were analysed using percentage distribution, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and t-test. Results indicated varying housing qualities across three residential zones in Akure, Nigeria; houses in the low-density residential areas were of better quality than the other residential zones. The quality of houses occupied was influenced by the type of occupation, level of education and average annual income of residents. The study concluded that inadequate housing facilities are fundamental to the observed deteriorating housing qualities in the study area. Therefore, the study suggested improvement of the existing infrastructures and the provision of new ones in the study area. The main contribution of this study is to proffer solutions for a sustainable housing delivery system to facilitate a better quality of life in Nigerian urban centres.

Assessing economic instruments to steer urban residential sprawl, using a hedonic pricing simulation modelling approach

Over the past centuries, cities have undergone major transformations that led to global urbanization. One of the phenomena emerging from urbanization is urban sprawl, defined as the uncontrolled spread of cities into undeveloped areas. The decrease in housing prices and commuting costs as well as the failure to internalize the real costs associated with natural land, led to households moving-out into the urban fringe – resulting in fragmented, low-density residential development patterns that has multiple negative impacts. Awareness for this problem has fed the need for the implementation of effective policies against urban residential sprawl – a subject that has received considerable attention in literature, albeit little attention has been given to economic incentive instruments. Hence, the objective of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of different economic instruments in steering urban residential sprawl – assessing property taxes, land taxes and public transport subsidies. To this end, the Sustainable Urbanizing Landscape Development (SULD) model is used and adapted, and a case study is provided for the medium-sized City of Aveiro in central Portugal. Results show that a flat property tax and a public transport subsidy for low and middle-income households are the most efficient instruments, leading to a decrease in urban residential area, living space and housing quantity as well as an increase in real estate values. On the other hand, a land tax results in insignificant changes in urban residential development patterns.

서울시 도시형생활주택 밀집지역의 주거만족도 영향 요인 비교 연구

서울시 도시형생활주택 밀집지역의 주거만족도 영향 요인 비교 연구

공간 헤도닉 가격 모형을 적용한 소형주택의 임대료 결정 요인

The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of rent for urban residential housing in Seoul, using general hedonic model and spatial hedonic model, and to compare differences in rent determinants between small housing and general housing and differences in determinants according to analysis methods. The results of analysis show high spacial auto-correlation in rent for urban residential housing in Seoul, which requires the application of a spatial hedonic model for its proper control. High rent for urban residential housing located at ordinary residential areas is judged to result from cheap land price, simple development procedure, and sharing of residential environment infrastructure. Office hotspot and accessibility to bus stop have no significant effects, for bus stops can be a factor in deterioration of residential environment due to noise, traffic accident and particulates. While accessibility to natural environment like park and river acts as an important premium in general housing, they have no significant effects on urban residential housing, because one-person households, two-person households and young people, the main consumers of urban residential housing, satisfy their diverse needs within homes, and thus may not consider surrounding natural environment as important in the selection of residential location. To enhance residential stability for small households as well as improve residential environment for neighborhood residents, it is necessary to make efforts to manage regional housing supply and residential environment comprehensively.

The Impacts of Locational and Neighborhood Environmental Factors on the Spatial Clustering Pattern of Small Urban Houses: A Case of Urban Residential Housing in Seoul

Small housing has gained prominence in the housing market due to substantial shifts of both population and household structures in Korea. The study aims to examine the spatial clustering pattern of urban residential houses (URHs) in terms of the spatial statistics, and analyze the impacts of both locational and neighborhood residential factors on the formation of the spatial clustering pattern in the Seoul metropolitan area. It is found that the URHs represent a significant spatial clustering pattern based on the census tracts. The hotspots are mostly found in the outskirts of Seoul, where the development of small houses has been concentrated for ten years. Also, both locational and neighborhood residential factors have significant effects on the hotspot formation of the URH. The hotspots are more likely to be found in areas having many available sites for development, high demand for habitation, and high expected profits from developing small residences. Another significant factor is access to public transit, amenities, and employment centers. Therefore, it is necessary to design a rent subsidy program for potential residents and to encourage the development of housing in nearby hotspots with relatively lower land values. It is also important to establish policies and strategies for planning the housing supply and managing the residential environment in low-rise residential areas.

A dynamic model for housing price spillovers with an evidence from the US and the UK markets

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce an empirical model for house price spillovers between real estate markets. The model is presented by using data from the US-UK and London-New York housing markets over a period of 1975Q1-2016Q1 by employing both static and dynamic methodologies.Design/methodology/approachThe research analyzes long-run static and dynamic spillover elasticity coefficients by employing three methods, namely, autoregressive distributed lag, the fully modified ordinary least square and dynamic ordinary least squares estimator under a Kalman filter approach. The empirical method also investigates dynamic correlation between the house prices by employing the dynamic control correlation method.FindingsThe paper shows how a dynamic spillover pricing analysis can be applied between real estate markets. On the empirical side, the results show that country-level causality in housing prices is running from the USA to UK, whereas city-level causality is running from London to New York. The model outcomes suggest that real estate portfolios involving US and UK assets require a dynamic risk management approach.Research limitations/implicationsOne of the findings is that the dynamic conditional correlation between the US and the UK housing prices is broken during the crisis period. The paper does not discuss the reasons for that break, which requires further empirical tests by applying Markov switching regime shifts. The timing of the causality between the house prices is not empirically tested. It can be examined empirically by applying methods such as wavelets.Practical implicationsThe authors observed a unidirectional causality from London to New York house prices, which is opposite to the aggregate country-level causality direction. This supports London’s specific power in the real estate markets. London has a leading role in the global urban economies residential housing markets and the behavior of its housing prices has a statistically significant causality impact on the house prices of New York City.Social implicationsThe house price co-integration observed in this research at both country and city levels should be interpreted as a continuity of real estate and financial integration in practice.Originality/valueThe paper is the first research which applies a dynamic spillover analysis to examine the causality between housing prices in real estate markets. It also provides a long-term empirical evidence for a dynamic causal relationship for the global housing markets.

Building Robust Housing Sector Policy Using the Ecological Footprint

The vulnerability of the urban residential sector is likely to increase without the mitigation of growing household Ecological Footprints (energy demand, CO2 emissions, and demand for land). Analysis comparing the effectiveness and robustness of policy to mitigate the size of the housing Ecological Footprint has been limited. Here, we investigate three mitigation options: (1) reducing housing floor area, (2) improving the building envelope efficiency, and (3) reducing the carbon intensity of the electricity sector. We model the urban residential Ecological Footprint for a sub-national case study in Australia but analyse the results in the global context. We find that all three mitigation options reduce the Ecological Footprint. The success of policy to reduce household energy demand and land requirements is somewhat dependent on uncertain trajectories of future global population, affluence, and technological progress (together, global uncertainty). Carbon emissions reductions, however, are robust to such global uncertainty. By reducing the Ecological Footprint of the urban residential housing sector we see a reduction in its vulnerability to future global uncertainty, global carbon price, urban sprawl, and future energy shortages. Over the long term, such policy implementation can also be highly cost effective.

Investigating How the Rents of Small Urban Houses are Determined: Using Spatial Hedonic Modeling for Urban Residential Housing in Seoul

The Seoul metropolitan government has launched the Urban Residential Housing (URH) program to address the shortage of small urban houses, and enhance residential stability for the increasing number of one- and two-person households in Seoul, Korea. While studies have examined the price premium of locational and neighborhood environmental features for houses in general, little is known about how and to what extent these features influence the rents of small urban houses. We estimate and compare conventional and spatial hedonic price models (HPMs) to examine the effects of those features on the monthly rents of URH units, while using geographic information system techniques to measure the variables. We found that the spatial HPM outperforms the conventional HPM in terms of goodness of fit measures. All of the locational features, and most of the variables with respect to the neighborhood environment, had a significant impact on rents. Rent tended to be lower in areas adjacent to a university, suggesting that it is a good place for one and two-person households to enhance residential affordability. However, access to parks does not appear to be important for residents. We conclude that the people who live in small urban houses are inclined to place a premium on rents in different ways.

Cohort profile: Examining Neighbourhood Activities in Built Living Environments in London: the ENABLE London—Olympic Park cohort

PurposeThe Examining Neighbourhood Activities in Built Living Environments in London (ENABLE London) project is a natural experiment which aims to establish whether physical activity and other health behaviours show sustained...

China’s Urbanization and Carbon Emissions Peak

With the increase of urban population around the world, the massive construction of urban infrastructure and residential housing is hard to avoid. Urbanization has become a major factor that influences carbon emissions instead of a secondary factor due to more and more energy consumption and carbon emissions caused by the economic activities related to urbanization. China is in a stage of rapid development of urbanization, and urban construction has a huge potential demand for steel and iron, cement, and other high energy-consuming products, and thus the development of urbanization in the future will bring great challenge to the realization of China’s carbon emissions peak. Through the exploration and the analysis of the mechanism of urbanization’s impact on carbon emissions and the experience of urbanization development in developed countries, this paper summarizes the general evolving rules of carbon emissions peak along with the development of urbanization, defines the present stage of our country and briefly analyzes the arrival of China’s carbon emissions peak in the future. During the process of China’s new-type urbanization development in the future, we should make a scientific planning integrated with low-carbon concept from the demographic, social, economic, spatial structure, technical, and other dimensions, in order to reduce the impact of urbanization development on carbon emissions and realize the carbon emissions peak of China early.

Cross-Cultural Ethnic Identity in Urban Residential Area: An Epistemology

Aresidential landscape is one expression of the intrinsic and cognitive values of a relationship between humans and their environment. Experiential and phenomenological landscapes are established when people shape their living environment; in turn they are shaped and constructed by this living environment. Landscape alteration is one of the responses to the feelings of “outsideness” during the post-occupancy period. This paper will provide an understanding of the landscape alteration phenomenon in urban residential housing and the landscape values embodied by these altered landscapes.

Housing Prices in Urban China as Determined by Demand and Supply

AbstractThis paper studies the demand for and supply of residential housing in urban China since the late 1980s when the urban housing market became commercialized. Using aggregated annual data from 1987 to 2012 in a simultaneous equations framework we show that the rapid increase in the urban residential housing price can be well explained by the forces of demand and supply, with income determining demand and cost of construction affecting supply. We find the income elasticity of demand for urban housing to be approximately 1, the price elasticity of demand to be approximately −1.1 and the price elasticity of supply of the total housing stock to be approximately 0.5. The resulting long‐run effect of income on urban housing prices in elasticity terms is approximately 0.7, because the increase in income has shifted the demand curve outward more rapidly than the supply curve.

Empirical Research of the Environmental Responsibility Affected on the Urban Residential Housing Energy Saving Investment Behavior

Abstract Based on the literature research, this paper establishes a conceptual model of the environmental responsibility affected urban residential housing energy saving investment behavior, and taking Xuzhou as an example, through the 212 valid samples, using the structural equation model, this paper does some inspection and correction for the conceptual model. Results show that the stronger the environmental responsibility is, the stronger the energy-saving behavior intention, and the stronger the energy-saving behavior intention is, the stronger the behavior of residence energy-saving investment, and the environmental responsibility has a indirect positive effect on the behavior of residence energy saving investment via the energy-saving behavior intention, but it can’t affect the behavior of residence energy saving investment directly. The ownership of the house, the family structure and the education level has some differences in character variations for urban residential housing energy saving investment behavior, and the effect of other demographic variables is non-significant.

Landscape Patterns of Exurban Growth in the USA from 1980 to 2020

In the United States, citizens, policy makers, and natural resource managers alike have become concerned about urban sprawl, both locally and nationally. Most assessments of sprawl, or undesired growth patterns, have focused on quantifying land-use changes in urban and metropolitan areas. It is critical for ecologists to examine and improve understanding of land-use changes beyond the urban fringe—also called exurban sprawl—because of the extensive and widespread changes that are occurring, and which often are located adjacent to or nearby lands. The primary goal of this paper is to describe the development of a nationwide, fine-grained database of historical, current, and forecasted housing density, which enables these changes to be quantified as a foundation for inference of possible ecological effects. Forecasted patterns were generated by the Spatially Explicit Regional Growth Model, which relates historical growth patterns with accessibility to urban and protected lands. Secondary goals are to report briefly on the status and trend of exurban land-use changes across the U.S., and to introduce a landscape sprawl metric that captures patterns of land-use change. In 2000, there were 125 729 km2 in urban and suburban (<0.68 ha per unit) residential housing density nationwide (coterminous USA), but there were slightly over seven times that (917 090 km 2) in exurban housing density (0.68-16.18 ha per unit). The developed footprint has grown from 10.1% to 13.3% (1980 to 2000), roughly at a rate of 1.60% per year. This rate of land development outpaced the population growth rate (1.18% per year) by 25%. Based on model forecasts, urban and suburban housing densities will expand to 2.2% by 2020, whereas exurban development will expand to 14.3%.

Modeling Spatial Variation in Housing Prices: A Variable Interaction Approach

The absolute location of each real estate parcel in an urban housing market has a unique location‐value signature. Accessibility indices, distant gradients and locational dummies cannot fully account for the influence of absolute location on the market price of housing because there are an indeterminable number of externalities (local and nonlocal) influencing a given property at a given location. Furthermore, the degree to which externalities affect real estate values is not only unique at each location but highly variable over space. Hence, absolute location must be viewed as interactive with other determinants of housing value. We present an interactive variables approach and test its ability to explain price variations in an urban residential housing market. The statistical evidence suggests that the value of location, as embodied in the selling price of housing units, may not be separable from other determinants of value. It is recommended that housing valuation models, therefore, be specified to allow site, structural and other independent attributes to interact with absolute location—{x, y} coordinates—when accounting for intraurban variation in the market price of residential housing. This approach is especially useful when estimating the value of housing for geographic areas where very little is known a priori about the neighborhoods or submarkets.

Energy used domestically in the Yemen Arab Republic

The annual patterns of energy consumption in residential dwellings in the provincial capital cities of the Yemen Arab Republic have been surveyed and analyzed during the period April to December 1982. Depending upon occupancy and energy-use patterns, as well as according to geographical location, the investigation indicated that the annual fuel consumption per house varied from 16 to 32GJ. Assuming that this domestic energy load was satisfied by conventional energy resources, a typical family of five in the Yemen Arab Republic would have spent between 29 and 51% of its income on fuel. The suitability of urban residential housing for harnessing solar energy, either passively, actively, or both has also been assessed. The prospects for employing passively-gained solar energy appear promising: in this respect, 70% of all urban residential houses considered have their walls oriented favourably without direct solar insolation being obstructed. Also 80·5% of the flat roofs were free from over-shading at all times, and thus were suitable locations for roof-mounted solar-energy harnessing devices.

A Model of the Urban Residential Land and Housing Markets

A Model of the Urban Residential Land and Housing Markets