Urban Renewal In China Research Articles

Research on Cost Management Evaluation of Urban Renewal Projects under EPC Mode

Compared with developed countries, the research on modern urban renewal in China is relatively late. However, with the landing of more and more projects in recent years, since Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other places took the lead in urban renewal, urban renewal has gradually entered a period of market-oriented and diversified operation. In recent years, under the influence of urban renewal strategy, the construction of old residential renovation projects is in full swing. In order to reduce the risk of construction, the construction unit often selects EPC project general contracting mode as the contract form of old residential renovation projects. However, the EPC project general contracting mode not only reduces the investment risk of the construction unit, but also greatly improves the difficulty of the general contracting unit's cost management of the renovation project of the old residential area. In order to complete the renovation project of the old residential area within the range of the budget estimate approved by the government and obtain the expected social benefits, cost management has become the control point of the project management of the EPC project general contractor. Based on the perspective of the general contractor, this paper takes the renovation project of the old residential area under EPC mode as the research object, uses AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the project cost management, analyzes the deficiencies in the actual cost management and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions.

The development of priority decision model for old urban community renovation in China

Old urban community renovation is an important task of urban renewal in China. In order to ensure the quality and efficiency of renovation work, the government requires a method to assess the priority for old urban community renovation. This paper proposes an evaluation model from a more comprehensive perspective. It establishes the evaluation index system with CIPP model. The method of Cloud-VIKOR is selected to construct the evaluation model. Finally, selects nine case communities to verify the evaluation model. The results show that the evaluation index system covers the whole process of renovation project and the evaluation indexes proposed in the existing research. The priority decision result of 9 case communities is basically consistent with the actual renovation sequence and does not change greatly due to the fluctuation of decision-making mechanism coefficient or the evaluation index weight. This evaluation model can help decision-makers diagnose and optimize the renovation project.

A Study on the Perception of Local Characteristics in Cultural Street Vending Spaces, Taking Xi’an Baxian Temple as an Example

The mode of urban renewal in China has changed from incremental expansion to a value-added stage, and the development of cities has increasingly focused on the human experience and quality improvement. However, Cultural Street Vending and the unique street spaces in the historic districts that bear important connotations to the city have shown a trend of rapid decline and even disappearance. Therefore, how to identify the characteristics and connotations of such street vending spaces, grasp the relationship between perception of locality and built environment elements in different states and formulate targeted protection and renewal strategies is presently an urgent problem to be solved. Many studies have now discussed in detail the identification of elements, street perception and preservation strategies for historic districts. However, the Cultural Street Vending space, which carries special urban memory connotations, has been neglected, especially the characterisation of this type of space in different time dimensions. This paper takes the Cultural Street Vending space as a research object and focuses on the perceptual differences between its market day and non-market day, aiming at grasping the perceptual characteristics and constituent elements of this type of street space in different time states, as well as the patterns of changes they undergo. This paper took the Baxian Temple, a typical Cultural Street Vending space in a historic district of Xi’an, as the research object and took 30 architecture students as the evaluators to score 33 pairs of adjectives and recall the elements of nine streets. This paper compared and analysed the differences in the structure of people’s psychological perception of the street in the state of market day and non-market day by SD method. It was found that the activities of the vendors obviously promoted people’s positive emotions, and three commonality factors including impression, vitality and morphosis were extracted through the factor analysis. Moreover, through the element recall method to understand the change in element perception on the market day, we found that the range of people’s perception was smaller on the market day and summarised the element map of the space and the element components of high, medium and low characteristics. The correlation analysis between psychological quantities and environmental elements revealed that people’s positive psychology has a positive correlation with vendors, goods and street components and a negative correlation with greening, colour and texture. This study can provide an important research basis for the development of conservation and renewal strategies for this type of Cultural Street Vending space.

Analysis of the creation of idle community space under the background of urban renewal in China

In the era of rapid urbanization, the existing buildings in old communities can no longer meet the living needs of residents, and the community space urgently needs to be updated. The article explores the use of micro updates to create community space and combines participatory creation to analyse the principles of community space creation, including spatial social power, knowledge interaction power, critical thinking power, and local inclusiveness. From the construction mode and process perspective, this paper analyses the renovation case of basement 302 of Wangjing Huajiadi in Beijing. Starting from the needs of residents, problems encountered, and conflicts encountered, and by creating a skill exchange space, a community construction mode of co-creation and symbiosis has been summarized.

HOW TO MAKE URBAN RENEWAL SUSTAINABLE? PATHWAY ANALYSIS BASED ON FUZZY-SET QUALITATIVE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS (FSQCA)

Even though urban renewal has attracted much attention in recent years, relatively few studies focus on the sustainability of urban renewal projects, which is surprising given the associated economic benefits. To fill this gap, we review 31 typical cases of urban renewal in China that have existed for over 10 years and utilize fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to identify causal configurations that lead to a high level of stakeholder satisfaction. Our findings show that: (1) there are four antecedent configurations that lead to the sustainability of urban renewal of urban renewal (these are: ~ preservation of history and culture * differentiation * project reformation * ~ incremental innovation; ~ preservation of history and culture * differentiation * commercial publicity * incremental innovation; preservation of history and culture * commercial publicity * ~ project reformation * incremental innovation; and preservation of history and culture * differentiation * ~ commercial publicity * project reformation * incremental innovation); (2) compared with other conditions, differentiation and incremental innovation play more important roles in the sustainability of urban renewal; and (3) not only the improvement of the environment but also the operation and management of projects should be considered carefully. This paper contributes to urban renewal literature and offers practical suggestions for sustainable urban development.

Digital Documentation and Conservation of Architectural Heritage Information: An Application in Modern Chinese Architecture

With the rapid advancement of technology, accurate and reliable architectural heritage information is increasingly in demand in the fields of cultural heritage and architectural conservation. This study aimed to establish a positive and harmonious relationship between architectural heritage and urban renewal in China’s sustainable urbanization process by documenting and conserving Chinese architectural heritage information. This work focuses on integrating architectural heritage information into multilevel and multi-dimensional information using scientific and standardized classification methods for documenting and conserving Chinese architectural heritage. The former site of the provisional Senate of the Nanjing National Government was studied and documented for this purpose. A precise 3D modeling for the components of architectural heritage and building information modeling (BIM) technology based on the two-dimensional (2D) drawings and component information were studied, analyzed, and used for restoration. Finally, a component “family” library was created using the common components of existing historical buildings. The results showed that the proposed method could provide both 3D and 2D drawings directly in the digital protection of historical buildings to monitor, repair, and protect architectural heritage, particularly historical buildings, throughout their life cycle. Overall, this work highlights the importance of protecting architectural heritage in sustainable urbanization and proposes an effective method for achieving this goal.

Strategic Approaches to Realize Sustainable Neighborhoods in Urban Renewal: A Case Study of Banan, Chongqing, China

Due to the lack of effective impact assessment, urban renewal in China is facing many challenges and dilemmas. Residents’ perceptions are important for the sustainability of urban renewal. This study evaluated the impacts of urban renewal on the economic, social, and environmental sustainability of a neighborhood via a case study of Banan, Chongqing, China. According to the analysis of the questionnaires and in-depth interviews and with local residents, Banan’s urban renewal led to both positive and negative impacts. This study proposed strategic approaches to realizing sustainable neighborhood during urban renewal in China according to impacts. Based on the analysis, strategies for creating sustainable neighborhoods during urban renewal were developed, including balancing of economic, social, and environmental interests, satisfying residents’ needs, and enhancing innovation. The impact of urban renewal in Banan was evaluated based on the economic, social, and environmental sustainability of a neighborhood, and the findings will be useful for policy makers and researchers engaged in sustainable urban renewal to refine their strategy.

“Inspiring” Policy Transfer: Analysis of Urban Renewal in Four First-Tier Chinese Cities

Most Chinese cities have spent decades achieving urbanisation. So far, rural urbanisation has shifted to urban renewal. However, the distinction between a rapidly changing social environment and the establishment of an institution has led to the failure of urban renewal policies to sustainably achieve complete transformation through urban modernisation involving many stakeholders. Owing to the top-down political system in China, the formulation and implementation of urban renewal policies are carried out in a closed-loop process in which “decisions are issued by the central government to the local government which gives feedback to the centre”. This seems to affect urban renewal through a transfer of renewal policies in a local area. Therefore, it is essential to explore the differences between the urban renewal policies at different government levels and to analyse these policies in diverse urban contexts with multiple stakeholders. Based on the policy transfer theory, this paper selects 216 core policy texts at the state level and at the level of four first-tier cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen), and uses the methods of text mining and semantic analysis to form open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. Furthermore, it discusses the policy transfer and impact mechanism of urban renewal policy at different levels with diverse characteristics of policy subsystems. We found that the transfer of urban renewal policy occurred in China through top-down coercive vertical transfer, bottom-up combination reverse transfer, and voluntary horizontal transfer among cities. Finally, we suggest that “inspiration”-type policy transfer is an effective method to promote urban renewal in China.

Urban renewal without gentrification: toward dual goals of neighborhood revitalization and community preservation?

ABSTRACT This study contributes to the debate on the psychological dimensions of displacement in urban renewal (UR) literature by examining how different modes of UR may disrupt or reconstruct the sense of home for affected residents in urban China. The forms of UR in China have evolved from the intensive pro-growth urban redevelopment that was prevalent in the 1990s and early 2000s to the emerging trend of micro-renewal, which features neighborhood renovation without physical displacement or the remaking of social classes. We distinguish between wholesale redevelopment and micro-renewal, then examine the impacts of these different modes of UR on post-renewal neighborhood attachment (NA). We found that micro-renewal is less likely than redevelopment to disrupt residents’ NA. However, it was the socio-spatial restructuring of their neighborhood, rather than physical relocation, that contributed to the change in residents’ NA. The perceived neighborhood change was also conditional on individuals’ pre-renewal residential satisfaction and post-renewal economic prospects.

The Reference Value Of The Organic Urban Renewal And Smart Urban Governance Mechanism In Extraterritorial Cities For China

Urban renewal is regarded as a broad concept involving physical, social, economic and environmental aspects, which is closely related to the goal of sustainable urban development. Traditional urban renewal only focuses on the physical construction including economic input, market operation, infrastructure, land use, organization and implementation, which is far from enough. The community functions as the basic place serving the production and life of urban residents, as well as the basic unit of a city. China’s urbanization has entered a new stage of transformation and development focusing on quality improvement. The concept of emphasizing people-centred, connotative development and urban quality improvement has gradually become the theme of current urban renewal in China. Therefore, in recent years, China has been actively promoting the “Double Urban Repairs” reformation, the two programs of “Ecological Restoration” and “City Betterment”, which have become the focus of public and academic concern. However, in the face of the process of urban community renewal in China, there are still plenty of problems to be solved, such as how to realize the organic combination of urban micro-renewal and community micro-renewal in a more scientific, professional and effective way with social governance as the entry point, how to establish and improve the new mechanism of “Ecological Restoration”, “Reformation of People’s Livelihood” and “Smart Social Governance” while maintaining the overall coordination of community, government and enterprises with the core idea of human-oriented, and how to solve the problems of the unclear practical scope of rules and regulations in the implementation of urban community renewal in China, lack of democratic participation and supervision mechanism and the lagging of community self-government law development behind smart urban governance. The rule of law functions as an important basis for realizing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and the basic guarantee for social governance. Therefore, through the study of extraterritorial experience and development dilemma of urban community renewal in China, this research is expected to find a development path suitable for urban community renewal in China from the aspects of government policy mechanism, rules and regulations, and public participation.

Exploring Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Urban Village Redevelopment: The Case of Shenzhen, China

The redevelopment of urban villages is a prominent part of urban renewal in China, which has attracted much attention from the academic community. However, the understanding of when and where the redevelopment of urban villages occurs is still limited partly because of the lack of empirical analysis. Through exploratory spatial data and overlay analyses, this study examines the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics based on data from 277 urban village redevelopment projects in Shenzhen, China, between 2010 and 2018. Results demonstrate that the redevelopment of urban villages occurs in central and suburban areas but rarely occurs in the periphery of the city. The overall spatial distribution is spatially clustered, having become increasingly significant from 2010 to 2018. In the beginning, the redevelopment of urban villages was dispersed in diverse areas and partly expanded into adjacent neighbourhoods. A majority of redevelopment took place in areas near the planning urban centres and the planning subway stations, which are almost in Density Zones I–III. The findings of this study contribute to new spatio-temporal perspectives in the global process mechanism of urban village redevelopment and call for special attention to the significant influences of state intervention, which is an informative reference for future sustainable urban development.

COWORKING SPACES IN CHINA: DEVELOPING A NEW STRATEGY OF REUSING INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE PROPERTIES UNDER SHARING ECONOMY

Abstract. This paper investigates the spatial pattern and operating mechanism of coworking spaces based on existing practices in Shanghai with focus on the rising phenomenon of industrial heritage-based coworking spaces. The geographical distribution of the coworking clusters along the riverside of Huangpu River was analyzed refer to the abundant industrial properties remains, due to some historical reasons in modern history as well as local contribution in advancing creativity to support cultural-led regeneration. On the basis of the spatial analysis and value interpretation of those coworking spaces which retrofitted from industrial heritages, the paper proposes a conservative strategy in presenting the cultural and social value of the industrial heritages in coworking context, through the provision of underpinning urban identity and cultural meaning with contemporary social working style. To conclude, we discuss the applicability of the conservation-based strategy by highlighting its attributes in community base and corresponding advantages in cultivating conservation awareness grassrootly and innovatively in workplace, hoping to shed lights to further enhancement on exploring the urban philosophies under current governmental policies and political emphasis of sharing economy and urban renewal in China.

Transformation of Industrial Land in Urban Renewal in Shenzhen, China

The redevelopment and transformation of industrial land has become an important part of urban renewal in China. This study adopts a spatial perspective to investigate the transformation of industrial land in Shenzhen based on a set of reliable data of all urban redevelopment projects of industrial land from 2010 to 2018. Research shows that the development of the real estate market, local government’s strategic demand for upgrading industrial structure, and the policy objective of improving land use intensity are important factors that affect the industrial land transformation. Industrial land has decreased significantly in urban renewal. About 881.79 ha (76.82%) of industrial land has been transformed into commercial, residential, and new industrial spaces. The planned industrial space is mainly located in the central and western regions, while the new commercial and residential spaces are mainly located outside the Special Economic Zone (SEZ). Redevelopment of industrial land has also transferred a certain scale of land to local governments for providing public facilities with an uneven spatial distribution between SEZ and non-SEZ. Therefore, industrial land transformation has brought significant effects on the urban spatial structure of this city. The study concludes with an evaluation of current industrial land redevelopment activities and provides suggestions for sustainable land development in the future.

Relationship between the dynamics of social capital and the dynamics of residential satisfaction under the impact of urban renewal

Urban renewal in China is having a comprehensive social impact that will almost certainly change residents' social capital and residential satisfaction. However, there are few studies on the relationship between the dynamics of social capital amid urban renewal (DSCUR) and the dynamics of residential satisfaction (DRS). This paper, therefore, evaluates the relationship between DSCUR and DRS in urban renewal areas in the center of Chongqing, China. The DSCUR and DRS are measured by residents' subjective perceived change. Six urban renewal projects in different stages were selected and a questionnaire survey that attracted 1086 respondents was conducted between December 1st, 2018, and April 1st, 2019. Results from partial least squares-structural equation modeling of the collected data show that all but one of the study's hypotheses are supported; the exception is a new variable developed by the paper's author referred to as ‘dynamics of eviction and gentrification’. The study found that DSCUR is positively correlated with DRS and that the dynamics of social connectedness, the dynamics of social trust, and the dynamics of reciprocity contribute most to DSCUR.

The Practice and Enlightenment of Architectural Renovation and Urban Renewal in the Netherlands

With the development of local urban renewal in the Netherlands, Dutch architects as Rem Koolhass, Francine Houben and Kees Kaan, etc. have showed rich practical experiences. As a result, the architectural renovation and urban renewal have presented a thriving scene. In this article, the types of urban renewal in the Netherlands are classified as three main categories: regional renewal, architectural heritage refurbishment, and adaptive reuse [1]. From the perspective of types to strategies, this study analyzes typical cases including the Westerpark West, Speelhuis theater, Timmerhuis and Villa Industria and so on, exploring the role of Dutch architects, the method of transformation and sustainable meaning of urban renewal. The research tries to summarize the Dutch mode and experiences, providing a new perspective and methodology for relevant transformation practices of urban renewal in China.

Urban Renewal Decision - Making in China

To meet the growing rigid demand of urban housing, urban renewal has played a significant role, which significantly promotes the urban prosperity in China. However, at the same time, many problems occurred through large-scale urban renewal projects. To avoid unintended consequences that occurred in urban renewal, how these decisions were made can be one key focus. To better achieve the goal of sustainability, this research aims to deepen the understanding of urban renewal decision-making in China and contribute to recommend strategies to improve the system. Based on the participatory decision-making theory and the characteristics of urban renewal, a conceptual framework is built to achieve the aim of this research. According to the research framework, this research firstly conducted an empirical study of stakeholders’ expectations in urban renewal projects. Eighteen factors are identified and compared among the main stakeholder groups. Secondly, this research explores the stakeholders and their participation in the decision-making of urban renewal in China. Stakeholder Analysis and Social Network Analysis are complemented as the research methodology. In the third step, transaction costs theory is adopted to improve the understanding of urban renewal decision-making process in China. Based on the results of the above three steps, the last step of this research systematically determines a set of strategies for improving urban renewal decision-making in China by adopting the Analytic Network Process. The findings of this research add new knowledge on the exploration of the decision-making of public projects and can be directly adopted by the authority in practice.

Benefit distribution in urban renewal from the perspectives of efficiency and fairness: A game theoretical model and the government's role in China

Due to the complexity of stakeholder relationships, social conflicts related to unbalanced benefit distribution hinder the implementation of urban renewal. Based on game theory, this study investigates the bargaining process between developers and residents concerning benefit distribution and considers the government's role in achieving through various regulatory strategies the goals of either fairness or efficiency. The fairness-efficiency solution for both stakeholders in the model is the symmetric Nash bargaining solution with equal information. Urban renewal in China is gradually changing from being efficiency oriented to being fairness oriented, while the issues of vague property boundaries and defective articles remain. To promote cooperation and reduce negotiation costs, the simplification of administration procedures, the establishment of information sharing mechanisms and the introduction of third-party agencies to ensure harmony between developers and residents is recommended.

The role of stakeholders and their participation network in decision-making of urban renewal in China: The case of Chongqing

Since the late 1970s, China's fast growth of economy and urbanization have driven large-scale urban renewal projects. To deal with complex urban problems, urban renewal requires integrated, coordinated and multifaceted strategies involving a wide range of stakeholders. A deeper understanding of the stakeholders in the decision-making process is an essential step towards sustainable urban renewal. This paper aims to understand the stakeholders and their participation in the decision-making of urban renewal in China, using the case of Chongqing. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and a questionnaire survey. Stakeholder Analysis and Social Network Analysis were complemented as the research methodology. First, the stakeholders involved in urban renewal decision-making were clarified. Second, the characteristics, including knowledge, power, and interest of each stakeholder, were analyzed. Third, the relationships between stakeholders were probed, and the structure of their network was examined. Finally, policy implications were drawn to the issues of stakeholder participation in urban renewal decision-making in China.

Comprehensive benefit evaluation on urban village micro-transformation based on extension matter-element model

With continuous promotion and deepening of urban renewal in China, the competent department has realized that the ‘large-scale demolition and reconstruction’ is not a proper reconstruction mode. Therefore, the mode of ‘micro-transformation’ adopted in recent years has gradually played an important role in optimizing the old urban areas and the villages in city, preserving historical and cultural architecture, inheriting the context, activating the use, realizing functional replacement and improving the living environment of the people. The extension matter-element model is used in this article to evaluate the comprehensive benefit of the urban village project under ‘micro-transformation’ mode. Firstly, based on the extension matter-element model, 32 evaluation index systems including five subsystems of politics, economy, culture, society and ecology have been established. Secondly, taking the micro-transformation project of Donghu New Village in Guangzhou as an example, the benefit evaluation of the project is carried out. The research results show that (1) The micro-transformation project of Donghu New Village is successful, with remarkable results in terms of ecological, political and social benefits. (2) In terms of economy, the investment effectiveness is great and the payback period is short, while the cultural benefit requires a continuous tracking survey.(3) Compared with the economic, ecological, political and cultural influences, the social benefit of the micro-transformation to the renovation project is relatively large, the correlation degree of which accounts for 25%. (4) Cultural benefit is also increasingly important to meet the spiritual needs of the residents. The overall proportion is 13.7%, and the indicators after the transformation are excellent. These findings in the article provide breakthrough points for urban renewal dilemma in Guangzhou, and have practical references for China’s urbanization construction in the future.

Imitation, Reference, and Exploration—Development Path to Urban Renewal in China (1985-2017)

In China, the field of urban renewal is one of the core concepts within the disciplines of urbanism and architecture. After decades of economic growth, many issues have been added to the field of urban development, which has diversified significantly. To comprehensively understand the developmental context of urban renewal in China, this paper starts from the urban and architectural disciplines, combined with the international background of urban regeneration, and systematically analyzes the progress of urban renewal in China from 1985 to 2017. Four major research themes are summarized and divided into three stages of development with the aim of chronologically sorting the contexts and trends of urban renewal in the thirty years since China’s “Open Door Policy.”