Urban Public Transport System Research Articles

Urban public transport system accessibility for different groups of residents: Case of Bratislava city

The main goal of the article is to characterize the functioning of the Urban Public Transport System (UPTS) in the capital city of the Slovak Republic (Bratislava) during different time periods (morning rush, evening, night, average working day, and weekend − Sunday) and express its accessibility for various groups of city residents (low-income households, unemployed individuals, seniors (age 60+), children (age 0–14), women (for comparison, men as well). To achieve this goal, we combined datasets of UPTS in Bratislava with the pedestrian communication network and identified an effective service area for which we subsequently determined the sizes of the respective population groups of residents. Finally, we verified the functionality of the entire UPTS model by measuring the accessibility of the selected destination, Ružinov Hospital. Our results could be summarized as follows: The functioning of UPTS is very similar during the morning rush, evening, average working day (Monday to Friday), and weekend − Sunday. During these time periods, approximately the same main lines operate, and there is a higher utilization of the same transfer points. The difference lies mainly in the frequency of departures of specific lines. During the night, the system operates based on different lines compared to the daytime, with transfers possible only at one central point/corridor. This fact also affects the usability and accessibility of UPTS, reflected in the accessibility of Ružinov Hospital, which is very limited during the night-time period. However, the accessibility of the hospital by UPTS is higher for the unemployed residents, low-income individuals, and children than the overall residents average, which is also reflected in the distribution of women. A negative aspect is that UPTS is less accessible for seniors. It must be said that this fact varies significantly in the heterogeneous spatial layout of the city. This was confirmed in our measurement of the accessibility to Ružinov Hospital, where seniors have roughly the same level of accessibility as the overall residents average.

Optimal Vehicle Scheduling and Charging Infrastructure Planning for Autonomous Modular Transit System

Prioritizing the development of public transport is an effective way to improve the sustainability of the transport system. In recent years, bus passenger flow has been declining in many cities. How to reform the operating mode of the public transportation system is an important issue that needs to be solved. An autonomous modular bus (AMB) is capable of physical coupling and uncoupling to flexibly adjust vehicle capacity as well as provide high-quality service under unbalanced passenger demand conditions. To promote AMB adoption and reduce the operating cost of the bus route, this paper presents a joint optimization method to simultaneously determine the AMB dispatching plan, charging plan, and charging infrastructure configuration scheme. Then, a mixed-integer programming model is formulated to minimize the operating costs of the bus route. A hybrid intelligent algorithm combining enumeration, cloning algorithm, and particle swarm optimization algorithm is designed to resolve the formulated model. Subsequently, an actual bus route is taken as an example to validate the proposed method. Results indicate that the developed method in this paper can reduce the operating costs and operational energy consumption of the route compared with the real route operating plan. Specifically, the reduction ratio of the former is 23.85%, and the reduction ratio of the latter is 5.92%. The results of this study validate the feasibility and advantages of autonomous modular transit service, contributing positively to the sustainable development of the urban public transportation system.

Assessment of the Impact of Intercity Bus Station Relocation on Passenger Flows in Urban Public Transport

Problem. The analysis of existing studies on transport hub operation in a city as well as on the methods for modelling the transport demand they generate showed that there are no specific recommendations for assessing the impact of the intercity bus station location on the trip patterns in urban transport system. This caused the need to search for a tool suitable to assess the influence of intercity bus station relocation on passenger service and passenger flows in the urban transport system. This paper shows the results of addressing this issue respective to urban public transport operation. Goal. The goal of the paper is to model the passenger flows to and from intercity bus stations considered transport anchors in urban public transport system as well as estimate the impact of station relocation on passenger flows and quality of service. Methodology. To achieve the stated goal, a survey of intercity passengers at the bus stations in the city of Rivne was made. This allowed for collecting the distances of the trips to and from existing bus stations and fitting the theoretical distribution to describe them. This distribution was used as the deterrence function during trip matrix calculation, which was required for the development of the public transport model. The model made it possible to quantify the potential impact of the Bus Station “Rivne” relocation on the urban transport system. Results. The considered bus station relocation can cause a decrease in the quality of service for passengers travelling to and from the station by public transport due to a probable significant increase in the average travel time and distance, the number of transfers, the passenger hours spent on travelling, and the passenger-kilometres covered to ensure the trips under study. Originality For the first time, the quantitative estimation of the impact of bus station relocation based on the regularities in the lengths of the trips to and from the stations was obtained. Practical value. The obtained trip length distribution can be used to calculate the origin-destination matrix, develop the public transport model, and quantify the probable consequences of the transport hub relocation.

Analysis of Multi-Modal Public Transit Competing Relationships and Evolutionary Mechanisms in Cities in Cold Regions

In order to reveal the characteristics of the competition and cooperation of multi-modal public transportation in the cities of cold areas and to study the competitive relationship of multi-modal public transportation in cold areas, the urban public transportation system in cold areas is divided into three sub-systems, namely, conventional buses, urban mass transit, and cabs, to analyze the competitive relationship and evolution mechanism of multi-modal public transportation in cities of cold areas. We construct a multi-modal public transit Lotka–Volterra competitiveness model, considering that conventional buses and urban mass transit are mainly dominant in urban public transit systems in cold regions, and introduce the competitive influence effect coefficients and cooperative influence effect coefficients to analyze the mechanism of the evolution of the competitiveness between conventional buses and urban mass transit. The data on traffic supply and demand and travel of the Harbin bus system, a typical city in China, are collected, and the simulation analysis of multi-modal competing relationship and evolution mechanism of conventional bus and urban mass transit competition is carried out, respectively, with Harbin as the research object. The results show that the constructed model can better describe the multi-modal bus competition relationship and evolution mechanism.

Research on traction guidance cooperative control of virtual track train based on path-tracking and articulation hinge forces optimisation

Virtual track train (VTT) is a new urban public transportation system that adopts rubber wheel and rail transit management mode. Its characteristics of all-wheel-driving all-axle-steering (AWDAAS) enable this multi-articulated vehicle to run along the target path (virtual track) with high precision. This paper proposes a new traction guidance cooperative control strategy aiming at path-tracking and hinge forces optimisation. Firstly, the vehicle dynamics model is established using the two-step method, which mainly includes the centre of gravity (CG) forces model between the wheel steering angles, torques and the generalised forces at every unit. Secondly, the vehicle multi-body dynamics model is built with the CG generalised forces as the control input and carries on the concrete modelling for the three-unit six-axle AWDAAS-VTT. This modelling method can satisfy the rapid expansion and reconstruction according to the different marshalling numbers and axles. Then the hinge forces are analysed and expressed quantitatively by vehicle state and control inputs. A traction guidance cooperative control strategy based on a hierarchical framework is proposed, which has mainly three parts: the cooperative distribution of path-tracking and longitudinal speed targets, the CG generalised forces calculation of every unit based on improved model predictive control (MPC) and Stanley algorithm, and the control allocation (CA) of wheel torque and angle. The control strategy is verified by Co-simulation. The results show that the proposed control strategy can achieve excellent tracking accuracy and effectively reduce hinge forces. In addition, the vehicle under cooperative control also has excellent curve passing stability and continuous curve adaptability. The control strategy has high robustness under different running speeds, curve radii and payloads. Even under the extreme condition of passing through the R20 m curve at 14 m/s, the maximum tracking error is less than 0.035 m.

Passenger flow forecasting of Zhengzhou Metro Line one based on an improved whale optimization algorithm

With the continuous expansion of urban scale in China, the increase of passenger flow has brought great pressure to the urban public transport system. An accurate and timely prediction of the short-term passenger flow at each metro station is extremely important for the metro intelligent control system to make a timely decision. In this paper, based on the measured passenger flow data of Zijingshan station of Zhengzhou Metro Line 1, an improved whale optimization algorithm is proposed to predict the passenger flow on different time scales. The results show that the method has higher accuracy than the traditional least squares support vector machines algorithm. The paper opens a new window for nowcasting warning in the rush hour and long-period optimization of the public transport.

Comparative Evaluation of Urban Rail Public Transportation System Performance with Different Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques

Kent içi raylı ulaşım yatırımları, arazileri erişebilirlik bağıyla birbirine bağlayan ve değerli kent arazisini tüketen bir arazi kullanım kararıdır. Yatırımların büyük bütçeler gerektirmesinden kaynaklı olarak hem ekonomik hem de çevresel perspektifte yerel otoriteler birçok kaynağı rasyonel bir tutum içinde harcamak durumundadır. Bu nedenle, kent içi raylı ulaşım yatırımlarının ve verimliliklerinin periyodik olarak kontrol edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada bu kontrolü sağlayabilecek ve mevcut performans durumunu anlamak için bir yöntem önerisi yapılmaktadır. Çalışmada, kent içi raylı toplu ulaşım sistemi değerlendirilirken kullanılan performans göstergeleri, güncel literatür incelenerek hazırlanmıştır. Daha sonra söz konusu göstergeler, halihazırda Ankara ve İstanbul'da faaliyet gösteren kentsel raylı sistem performansının niceliksel değerlerinin bulunması amacıyla çok ölçütlü karar verme yöntemi kullanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Literatür kapsamında yapılan incelmeye göre, toplam hat uzunluğu, filo büyüklüğü, ortalama istasyon mesafesi, istasyon sayısı, maksimum yolcu kapasitesi, minimum frekans, yolculuk mesafesi, yolculuk süresi, ücret, ticari hız, araç için yolcu kapasitesi ve çalışma saatlerinin başlıca değerlendirme kriterleri olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Gri ilişkisel analiz, ARAS, COPRAS, Entropi tekniklerine göre, kent içi raylı sistem ve ulaşım sektöründe çalışan kişiler ile uygulama yapılmıştır. Entropi yöntemi uzman görüşüne alternatif oluşturması açısından değerlendirilirken diğer yöntemler çok ölçütlü karar verme problemi açısından daha fazla çeşitlilikte ideal raylı sistemin performansının test edilmesi ve ideallik durumunun sağlaması için kullanılmaktadır. Teknikler bazında yapılan karşılaştırma ile çalışma konusu olan raylı sistem hatları performans açısından değerlendirilmiştir. İncelenen 14 şehir içi toplu taşıma hattı arasında Ankara’da bulunan hatların her zaman en iyi performans gösteren ilk 5 hat arasında yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir.

Efficiency and equality of the multimodal travel between public transit and bike-sharing accounting for multiscale

As a supplement to the existing public transit system, bike-sharing is considered an effective solution to the “first mile” and “last mile” of travel. While many stakeholders believe that multimodal travel between public transit and bike-sharing can improve urban accessibility and sustainability, few studies have assessed the impact of bike-sharing on existing public transportation systems in terms of efficiency and equality. This research uses three months of mobile phone location data and about 140 million bike-sharing trips (origin–destination, OD) data from Shenzhen, China, to analyze first mile and last mile bike-sharing multimodal travel and measure the impact of bike-sharing on the existing public transportation system in terms of efficiency and equality at different scales. The research finds that bike-sharing is less effective in improving the operational efficiency of urban public transport and creates new inequalities at both global and local scales of the urban public transport system. Bike-sharing is only effective in tiny areas of the city and specific modes (subway-bike-sharing) and does not benefit groups with low socioeconomic levels and those living in edge areas of the city. Improving the equity and accessibility of public transportation is a key factor towards promoting sustainable urban development, and the analysis of this study on multimodal travel efficiency and inequality of bike-sharing can provide helpful insights for future sustainable urban planning.

Equilibrium Problem for the Stochastic Multi-Weighted Urban Public Transportation System with Time Delay: A Graph-Theoretic Method

This paper focuses on the equilibrium problem of an urban public transportation system with time delay. Time delay, multi-weights, and stochastic disturbances are considered in the urban public transportation system. Hence, one can regard the urban public transportation system as a stochastic multi-weighted delayed complex network. By combining graph theory and the Lyapunov method, the global Lyapunov function is constructed indirectly. Moreover, the response system can realize synchronization with the drive system under the adaptive controller. In other words, the urban public transportation system is balanced in the actual running traffic network. Finally, numerical examples about the Chua system and small-world network are presented to confirm the accuracy and validity of the theoretical results.

Optimization Algorithm for Urban Rail Transit Operation Scheduling based on Linear Programming

At present, the traditional urban public transportation system cannot meet people’s daily travel needs. Urban Rail Transit (URT) has been rapidly promoted in major cities due to its advantages such as low energy consumption, high frequency, and large traffic volume. To achieve a more excellent and energy-saving operation scheduling strategy, the research first combines the train dynamics model and the energy consumption model. Since the optimization problem of URT is a linear problem, the attraction model of the Firefly algorithm can determine the calculation time consumed by the algorithm, which is very suitable for the complex optimization problem of URT. Therefore, the FA based optimization algorithm for urban rail transit operation scheduling (FURTOSO) based on the Firefly algorithm is studied and designed. Therefore, based on the study of the four working conditions of traction, cruise, coasting, and braking, a Firefly Algorithm for Urban Rail Transit Operation Scheduling (FURTOSO) was designed. Finally, the study optimizes the operation scheduling of Chengdu Metro Line 8 from two aspects: driving strategy and train schedule. The research demonstrates that the FURTOSO algorithm only needs 76 iterations to reach a stable state, with a fitness value of 0.6827. In practical applications, the utilization rate of train RBE is 30.1%, the total energy consumption (TEC) is 2.661 * 1011J, and the energy saving rate is 13.03%. In summary, the FURTOSO algorithm proposed in the study has excellent performance and has better energy-saving effects in Chengdu Metro Line 8.

Energy consumption structure model considering urban green and low-carbon transportation

<p class="Abstract">The importance of energy conservation and emission reduction has become the consensus of the international community, and Iraq is also actively improving the urban public transportation system to control carbon emissions. This paper collects panel data of Tikrit city in Iraq in the past 3 years, constructs a random effect variable coefficient model, and studies the impact of the development of urban low-carbon transportation system on the energy consumption structure. The study finds that the government can use public transportation pricing strategies to influence consumers. In order to realize the optimization of energy consumption structure, the impact of electric vehicles on energy consumption structure will decrease with the increase of urban development. The transportation sector can increase the purchase and travel costs of traditional cars by restricting travel, purchases, and charging parking fees, which affects the number of private cars and reduces the obstacles to optimizing the energy consumption structure. The government should increase financial subsidies, improve rail transit and reasonable bus (electric) vehicle operation systems, increase investment in new energy vehicle research and development, and encourage high energy density and low power consumption technologies. development, increase residents’ demand for new energy passenger vehicles, and optimize the energy consumption structure.</p>

Research on Virtual Track Train Path-Tracking Control Based on Improved MPC and Hierarchical Framework: A Reconfigurable Approach

The virtual track train (VTT) is a new urban public transportation system that adopts all-axle steering and distributed drive. The Super autonomous Rail rapid Transit (SRT), as one of them, adopts a four-module six-axle structure. In response to its crucial problem, its path tracking, this article proposes a reconfigurable dynamic modeling method, which has two parts: a multi-body dynamics model with generalized forces at each module’s center of gravity (CG) as the input, and the CG generalized force model, which expresses the CG generalized forces generated by the wheel control inputs. Then, a path-tracking strategy is proposed based on the improved MPC and hierarchical framework. Firstly, the CG generalized forces of each module required for path tracking were calculated, and then the CG generalized force redistribution was performed and the “virtual axle” method was proposed. Finally, the wheel state of each module was allocated. This strategy reduces the complexity of each layer of the controller and it solves the problem of insufficient actuators in the middle two modules of the SRT. Finally, through a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) real-time simulation and comparison with different control strategies, the control strategy’s effectiveness, adaptability, and robustness were verified.

Основы методики выбора и обоснования видов городского общественного транспорта Ирака

Purpose: Improving the urban public transport (UPT) system to ensure its efficient operation in Iraqi cities. Choice and justification of the urban transport mode in Najaf (Iraq), which will improve safety and speed of movement of passengers. Justification of the application areas for different types of transport in Iraqi cities by optimizing and selecting modes of passenger transport based on traffic volume, passenger density and urban characteristics. Methods: Statistical processing, functional analysis, mathematical modelling, probability theory, analysis of urban passenger transport in Iraqi cities, classifying Iraqi cities by main characteristics: population density, area, level of motorization, the maximum length of the territory, analysis of passenger traffic intensity and average capacity of the rolling stock. Results: New boundaries of average passenger flow density intervals have been adjusted for groups of Iraqi cities, allowing for the selection of the type of UPT and its share of transportation for each type of rolling stock. A distribution of urban transport modes has been proposed, taking into account the characteristics of Iraqi cities according to their classification. Practical significance: The application of the developed proposals and activities allows: to justify and select the types of urban transport systems for the city of Najaf; to calculate passenger traffic on six different routes with maximum traffic for the city of Najaf; to determine the classification of rolling stock capacity series and the UPT options for Iraqi cities; to provide recommendations for the development of the transport network of Iraqi cities. The proposed distribution of urban transport modes improves public transport services and the quality of use of each mode of transport.

Access to Inclusive Urban Public Transport System in Bangladesh: The Case of Dhaka City

This article examines the state of people’s access to the inclusive urban transport system in Dhaka and suggests strategies for improving access to the transport system. By adopting an exploratory approach, both quantitative and qualitative tools of data collection were employed to gather primary data through questionnaires and key informant interviews (KIIs). The findings reveal the lack of passengers’ trust and satisfaction in terms of the availability, accessibility, accommodation, acceptability and affordability of public buses for the vulnerable groups in Dhaka city. To make the transport system accessible and inclusive, suitable vehicles need to be introduced with additional resource commitments along with sensitive training and public awareness to respect and support vulnerable groups to access transport systems with ease in Dhaka and similar cities.

Skyline-Based Sorting Approach for Rail Transit Stations Visualization

Urban rail transit is an essential part of the urban public transportation system. The reasonable spatial data visualization of urban rail transit stations can provide a more intuitive way for the majority of travelers to arrange travel plans and find destinations. The map service of rail transit stations generated by data visualization has gradually become indispensable information guidance in the rail transit system. The existing map service icons block each other when the scale changes, and new stations cannot be displayed dynamically when users drag the map. This paper uses filtering and sorting methods to dynamically query and visualize the relatively more important transportation stations within the users’ visible range, so as to solve the above problems and provide people with better transportation services. Our method introduces three constraints: spatial diversity, time-sharing passenger flow analysis and whether it is a transit station, and calculates the scores of constraint relationships of feature objects to evaluate stations. On the basis of the skyline query, the scores of feature objects are combined and sorted to obtain an ordered object set of the most interesting k points(top-k POIs), and the rail transit stations are dynamically retrieved and visualized. Before sorting POIs, we filter out POIs that need to be fitted, so that only the k most representative POIs in the currently visible range are displayed. When the map scale changes, the displayed POIs are updated. Finally, through the statistics of efficiency calculation of this method under different scales and centers, combined with users’ evaluations, it was proved that our method could better display critical information and improve user experience.

Study on Location of Bus Stop in Subway Service Area Based on Residents’ Travel Accessibility

This research aims at establishing an integrated urban public transport system with a subway route supplemented by conventional bus lines, in order to enable residents’ “door-to-door” travel. This paper first analyzed the attraction area of the subway, and then used the GIS tools to calculate and analyze residents’ accessibility to adjacent bus stops. Moreover, it created a preliminary layout of bus stops for residential areas with extremely low accessibility using an improved potential model. From the perspective of minimizing residents’ travel costs and bus stop infrastructure deployment costs, a bus stop site selection optimization model was developed. According to the characteristics of the model, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) was employed to solve the optimal bus stop locations. In addition, the entropy weight technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) evaluation model was used to evaluate and sort candidate schemes, accordingly, and thus the optimal site selection scheme was identified. Finally, a before-after comparative analysis on residents’ travel accessibility was conducted. Results show that the proposed method can effectively improve residents’ accessibility to bus stops, which facilitates residents to transfer from conventional bus to subway. Furthermore, it provides a basis for the follow-up optimization of the connection between subway and conventional bus lines.

Factors Influencing Driving Time in Public Transport – A Multiple Regression Analysis

Deviations in driving time (DT), or significant variations, occur frequently on urban public transport (PT) lines, except in subsystems with separate routes. DT variability is the main reason for disturbances in operation, leading to unstable and unreliable transport service. Moreover, it also causes variability in total user travel time, which is one of the main parameters of transport service quality. Identifying and quantifying factors that influence PT vehicle DT characteristics is significant for designing advanced prediction and passenger information systems and prioritising investments to reduce bus travel time and improve the scheduling process, and thus the level of transport service quality. An analysis of the elements of the route and other static elements of the line that influence DT was carried out in this paper. A model for determining and quantifying influential factors and methodologies for collecting all necessary data was created. The multiple regression model, developed as a result of the conducted multivariate statistical analysis using the specialised SPSS software, was applied to the selected representative set of lines in a real urban PT system. The created regression model explains between 18.2% and 97.4% of the variance of average, minimum and maximum DT and its deviation in the peak and off-peak periods.

Comparison of station-based and free-floating bikeshare systems as feeder modes to the metro

Shared micro-mobility has been booming in recent years and the coordinated development of different modes can play an important role in improving the connectivity of the urban public transport system. While most previous studies have analysed the feeder trips of individual modes, few comparative studies of different modes have been conducted. To this end, we compared the spatial and temporal patterns in the integrated use of station-based bikeshare systems (SBBS) and free-floating bikeshare systems (FFBS) with the metro. This study used the smart card data of SBBS and transaction data of FFBS from 1st to 30th September 2017, in Nanjing, China. Generalised additive mixed models were applied to examine the nuanced effects of the built environment, weather factors and temporal variables, while taking into account spatio-temporal autocorrelations. The results show that SBBS are used more as a feeder mode at downtown metro stations and exhibit pronounced rush hour patterns. FFBS-metro integrated use is spatially more dispersed at peripheral stations and covers wider periods of the day. This suggests that SBBS use is more demand-driven, while FFBS use is more efficiency-driven. The built environment shows different forms of effects: variables that have a linear relationship with SBBS-metro integrated use show non-linear effects in the FFBS model, and vice versa. Certain variables also present variations in their non-linear patterns. For instance, the plateau effect of road density for SBBS occurs at 10.5 km/km2, while the optimal employment density for FFBS is 12,000 jobs/km2. Inadequate or excessive development can lead to a decrease in integration efficiency. These findings can inform how service providers optimise fleet reallocation and how transport planners tailor spatial interventions that promote the integration of bikeshare and the metro system.

ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНО-ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНОЇ СТРУКТУРИ РЕЙКОВОГО ГРОМАДСЬКОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ КИЄВА

Urban transport systems require increased attention as connecting elements that affect the efficiency of the functioning of cities as a whole and individual districts. Public passenger transport of a large city, which is the capital of the state – Kyiv, is one of the branches of its life support, on the functioning of which both the development of the economic complex and the lifestyle of the population depend. The problem of the rational functioning of public transport and its territorial organization become one of the main ones for our capital during the martial law and will become critical after the Victory. The development of rail transport is a priority for any European city: it has the highest carrying capacity, it is environmentally friendly and comfortable for passengers, and most importantly, it does not depend on the amount of traffic jams. In Kyiv, there are four types of rail public transport - metro, tram (including high-speed tram), city electric train and funicular. The analysis of the evolution of the territorial structure of the urban rail public transport system, carried out using the methods of graph theory and historical-geographic sections, shows that this structure developed dynamically along with the development of Kyiv. It is substantiated that the priority directions of the development of Kyiv's transport system are aimed at the formation of a highly efficient transport complex capable of meeting the needs of the population in relevant services and minimizing the negative impact on the environment. To achieve this goal, the main directions of the development of Kyiv's rail public transport system have been determined: the priority of public passenger transport in the performance of city transportation; development of high-speed off-street types of public rail transport (metropolitan, high-speed tram, city railway); provision of fast, comfortable and safe transport connections between all functional zones of the capital on the basis of increasing the density of the street network, creating a system of complex transfer nodes at the stations of the metro and city railway lines.

Analysis on the Development of Subway in a Pandemic City

The outbreak of COVID-19 poses a severe challenge to the epidemic prevention and control of urban public transport system. As the backbone of urban public transport, urban rail transit is one of the important links in the epidemic prevention and control of urban public transport system. It faces the challenge of heavy tasks and great pressure. Using the methods of questionnaire survey, field investigation and case analysis, this paper aims to find out how to improve the operation of the subway under the epidemic situation, and finally comes to a conclusion that there is need to further strengthen the control measures to deal with peak passenger flow concentration, and improve the emergency plan. Besides, a traceable and reliable epidemic prevention cooperation system should be created and a real-time dynamic interaction system should be built to open up the information barrier between passengers and operating units. Moreover, it is also important to improve the normalized and refined monitoring and early warning system for high-risk areas, as well as simplifying the display of passengers' personal information and realize automation, intelligence, and integration.