Urban Planning Documentation Research Articles

ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ЛЬВІВСЬКИХ УКРІПЛЕНЬ XIV – XVII ст. ТА ЇХ ЛОКАЛІЗАЦІЯ НА СУЧАСНІЙ ТОПОГРАФІЧНІЙ КАРТІ

Complexes of urban fortifications are the basis for analyzing historical development of a settlement and developing urban planning documentation. Therefore, in 2014, as part of the publication “Atlas of Ukrainian Historic Towns, Volume1: Lviv”, the authors of the present article published a scheme-reconstruction of the localization of Lviv's historical defensive buildings based on a modern topographic basis. The format of the Atlas did not provide for a full justification of the work done. Hence, the purpose of the present article is to reveal the methodology of the tracing of Lviv fortifications on a modern topographic basis; to substantiate the received results on the localization of fortifications and to determine their evolution. Based on the analysis of the works of predecessors, bibliographic, cartographic, and iconographic sources, three separate historical complexes of Lviv fortifications are identified, and the evolution of the complex of fortifications of the 14th - 17th centuries is highlighted. As a result of combining the drawings of the first three lines of fortifications worked out by J. Witwicki and our results of tracing the fortifications, we have found the high accuracy of J. Witwicki's work. Based on the analysis of sources and archaeological research, we have clarified information in a number of flanking elements and in certain directions of the three lines of fortifications in Lviv. In order to supplement this work with the results of the work of a wide range of scholars, obtained during the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, we have conducted a pre-project study, the results of which are embodied in the differentiated designation of lost, preserved, and archaeologically recovered fortifications of the 14th and 17th centuries on a modern topographic basis at the scale of 1:2000. As a result of tracing the bastion fortifications of the suburbs, the remains of fortifications from the projects of F. Getkant (1635) and J. Behrens (1678-1682) have been found in the topography and planning structure of the city, as illustrated in the reconstruction schemes.

НАРИСИ ІСТОРІЇ МІСТОБУДУВАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ І СВІТІ

Introduction. The article examines the nutritional dynamics and peculiarities of the development of the environment in Ukraine, which requires an integrated approach to address the challenges and problems of this problem. The foldability and rich profile of this galus poses system requirements that require support and legislative security at the edge. Also, we are talking about developing a strategy for the development of local development, which is based on the idea of ensuring harmony between the economic, social and environmental development of the place. The main essence lies in the creation of such a local environment that would satisfy the needs of the current generation, without reducing the ability of future generations to take control of their lives. It is important that the main aspects of the development of strategies for the development of local development include, first of all, economic stability, so that they are aimed directly at creating minds for economic growth and development, ensuring the stability of financial, economic and investment processes in localities. Social inclusion plays an important role, and development strategies are aimed at ensuring accessibility and equal access to infrastructure, housing, lighting, health care and other social services for all levels of the population. Problem statement. Urban planning is a complex, multi-level and multi-disciplinary process that has a systemic nature. The main task of urban planning is to create such a material environment in which human needs should be satisfied as best as possible. In contrast to previous years, the urban planning process has been streamlined and has become more integrated into public production. The specificity of this type involves a whole series of competencies affecting many fields of knowledge. Urban planning activity involves planning, development of territories, careful development and implementation of urban planning documentation regarding both the expansion of cities and the construction of new ones. At the same time, many questions arise regarding architectural solutions, harmonious placement of buildings in the surrounding landscape. The process of urban planning always heralds socio-economic development: infrastructure and architectural projects implemented within the framework of urban planning can contribute to economic growth, attracting investment and creating jobs, while the process of social integration is underway, creating conditions for communication and interaction between different social and cultural groups .

Регионализация историко-архитектурных исследований на примере развития исторического поселения Самара

The search for ways to solve the problem of achieving a decent quality of the architectural and urban planning environment of Russian cities and settlements is facilitated by a broad professional discussion. For example, in the Middle Volga region, since the 1980s, a large amount of urban planning documentation has been carried out to protect the historical and cultural heritage, primarily the regional capital, Samara. Currently, a major project “Concept of Sustainable Development of the Historical Settlement of Samara” is being developed, which proposes priorities for sustainable development, approaches to combining the protection of cultural heritage sites with selected areas of cost-effective infrastructural and socially-oriented development of the historical settlement of Samara.

USE OF GEOINFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR OPTIMISATION OF CITY MANAGEMENT

The study aims to answer how city halls and municipal departments of territorial communities can cope with numerous tasks related to providing city services. This issue is quite relevant in our time. As a solution, there has been a proposal to use geographic information systems (GIS) and a unified geodatabase to provide local governments, municipal organisations, and citizens access to reliable information about the urban area. This information has to be systematised, structured, and stored for efficient use. Experts suggest utilising a geodatabase as a primary tool for managing massive amounts of spatial information to solve these issues. The analysis shows that this is the direction that most European and American cities have chosen. As a result of the study, the authors propose the geodatabase structure for local-level urban planning documentation. It defines a set of objects, attributes, relations, and topology rules used to represent urban planning documentation in electronic form (in the form of a city GIS). Such an approach will allow for reliably storing all the diverse information necessary for the city’s life, analysing this information, and making the right management decisions. In this study, the authors analysed existing geographic information systems of some large cities. We defined weaknesses and strengths and found out based on which software products these city GIS were developed. Then, we proposed the main structural elements (layers) of the unified geospatial database of the city GIS that would ensure the solution of all issues related to the existence of a modern city. The authors prove that the combination of a clear structure of the geodatabase, convenience, and data relevance can determine the success of city GIS, making it a core tool for ensuring harmonious development and improving the quality of life in the city. Only such an approach will facilitate the creation of a technologically advanced urban environment that will meet the modern requirements and needs of citizens. Keywords: geoinformation technologies, geoinformation system, database, protection of historical heritage, urban planning.

PARADIGM OF FRACTALITY OF URBAN SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT IN CRISIS SITUATIONS

The methodology of spatial development of cities and urbanized territories over a certain historical time has objective reasons to change and it changes. Under the influence of challenges of geopolitical, demographic, social, economic, ecological content, which acquire the characteristics of crisis situations, formulation of new content of spatial planning methodology is carried out. Such processes of formulating the content of the new methodology took place at the beginning of the 20th century under the influence of the industrial revolution, such processes are taking place at the present time, in the era of the post-industrial economy and the digital transformation of society (the fourth industrial revolution). A characteristic feature of the modern situation is the lack of incremental nature of changes, they have acquired the features of non-linear processes, which in turn requires an exponential organization of research in urbanism. In turn, urban planning documentation must be adaptive to these changes. The content of fractal urbanism is revealed on the example of an urban cluster.

CONCEPTUAL PREREQUISITES AND PRINCIPLES FOR CHANGING THE DESIGNATED PURPOSE OF INDUSTRIAL LAND OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

Developing territories in accordance with the principles of sustainable land development is easier and more effective together with the people who directly use these lands, as well as executive authorities, who, with the involvement of the public, know, understand, and implement changes. For reasonable and prompt decision-making on land issues, the territorial communities must have up-to-date information support with data about all land parcels and property within the boundaries of territorial community. Industrial lands deserve special attention, because due to their rational use, it is possible to achieve an increase revenue to local budgets. Today, the state of industrial lands in Ukraine is negatively affected by the presence of a significant number of industries that require modernization, including infrastructural transformations with the provision of further balanced consideration of the ecological component of the territories' sustainability. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the principles of determining and changing the target designation of industrial lands within the territorial communities to improve their functioning and ensure their competitiveness. The development of urban planning documentation is a mandatory prerequisite for changing the purpose of industrial land of the territorial community to another purpose and vice versa. Management of the development of territories today directly depends on the planning structure and functional zoning of settlements. The changes of legal acts should have been taken effect from July 2021, but inconsistencies were found in the legislation of Ukraine, which relate to the functional zones approved by the comprehensive spatial development plan of the territory of territorial communities, within which the change of purpose must take place. Due to the introduction of martial law in Ukraine, the pace of development of urban planning and land management documentation slowed down, and as a result, today there is no any approved comprehensive spatial development plan. That is, it has been 2 years since the changes came into effect, but the change of the land purpose is carried out according to the old procedure with the development of land management documentation. Taking into account the above-mentioned components, the authors identified three main prerequisites for changing the target purpose: 1. The needs of industrial enterprises in the context of modern economic challenges. Changes in technology and production practices may require adaptation of land use to ensure the efficient functioning and competitiveness of enterprises. 2. Integration of social aspects into the decision-making process. It is important to consider the impact of these changes on local communities and ensure citizen participation in the process of determining the future use of industrial land. 3. The need to settle environmental issues. The change of purpose must take into account the potential effects on the environment and natural resources. Based on the prerequisites described above, the authors developed the principles of industrial land transformation, which take into account the principles of sustainable development. By following the developed principles, stakeholders can guide the transformation of industrial land in a way that maximizes benefits, minimizes negative impacts and promotes sustainable development.

Management of the historical and cultural value of territories through the formation of historical areas of cities

Lands on which cultural heritage monuments, their complexes (ensembles), historical and cultural protected territories, protected archaeological territories, open-air museums, memorial museums-manors are located, in accordance with the legislation of Ukraine, belong to lands of historical and cultural purpose. The organization and establishment of the boundaries of the territories of historical and cultural purpose, restrictions on their use and their regime-forming objects is carried out in accordance with the projects and technical documentation of land management. For the territories of the nature reserve fund and other nature conservation purposes, health, recreational, historical and cultural, forestry purposes, water fund lands and water protection zones, the land legislation establishes the same procedure for developing the composition and geodetic and cartographic substantiation of land management projects, as well as for their approval and approval . This provision has existed for a long time, despite the fact that the given list combines six categories of land with different legal regimes. The boundaries of historical areas and the modes of their use are indicated in the documentation on land management, urban planning and scientific project documentation on the protection of cultural heritage, which determines the need for their mutual consistency. The article examines the legal and organizational provisions of the formation of the historical and cultural potential of the historical areas of cities. In connection with the discrepancies in the legal acts, proposals for the codification of legal norms regarding the composition and distribution of land by category, setting restrictions, regulation of construction, landscape protection zones and archaeological layer are substantiated. The proposed approaches to the definition and calculation of the economic efficiency of historical areas include a variety of methods that allow for the assessment of both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the preservation of cultural heritage.

Соціальні та економічні параметри формування плану сталої міської мобільності Тернопільської міської територіальної громади

The process of urbanization promotes an increase in the population density of territories, which has significant consequences for the formation of the living environment of residents of cities and nearby settlements, and is an important factor in the socio-economic development of society. At the same time, the growth of population concentration in cities leads to a rapid increase in the need for movement and an increase in the number of vehicles. Facing the choice of strategic directions for the development of settlements, which would allow overcoming the existing challenges of transportation. The article is devoted to the analysis of the social and economic parameters of the formation of the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SMM) of the Ternopil urban territorial community. The study examines key aspects of community development, including demographic trends, employment rates, economic performance and social infrastructure. A forecast of the development of the economic complex of the Ternopil MTG was made separately for the city of Ternopil and villages. According to the current urban planning documentation of the Ternopil MTG, the main directions of development of the community's economic complex and prospects for the distribution of the working-age population by types of economic activity were determined. The distribution of the population of Ternopil MTG by age and gender was analyzed. The main challenges and opportunities facing the community are identified, and strategic approaches to improving the quality of life of residents and increasing the community's competitiveness at the regional level are proposed. The measures proposed within the framework of PSMM are aimed not only at the development of infrastructural support of the community's transport system, but also at the organization of the use of urban space in accordance with the mobility needs of all population groups, improving the quality of data collection necessary for analysis, capacity development and promotion of sustainable modes of movement.

Социологический опрос как инструмент планирования зеленой инфраструктуры городов

The article analyzes the Russian and foreign experience of conducting socio-logical surveys on the state and development of green infrastructure (GI) on the exam-ple of St. Petersburg, Kaliningrad, Nizhnevartovsk, Irkutsk, Tomsk, Arkhangelsk, Ye-revan, Berlin and US cities in the context of growing need to improve the state of the environment. An overview of experts' sources on the state of green spaces in Arkhan-gelsk and the results of a sociological survey conducted in 2023 of residents of the cities of the Arkhangelsk region (Arkhangelsk, Severodvinsk, Kotlas, etc.) on the attitude to the state of environment and GI of their settlements with the preparation of a list of the most problematic green areas are presented. The opinion of citizens on measures for the care of green spaces, ways of developing GI and the demand for ecosystem ser-vices has been studied. Recommendations on the application of the survey results in the implementation of the concept of GI are formulated. Conclusions are drawn about the importance of conducting long-term sociological research to obtain objective in-formation about the quality of landscaping, as well as the formation of an ecological culture of citizens in order to involve them in the management of GI and, in particular, the development of urban planning documentation within the framework of an envi-ronmental approach.

On the issue of codification of urban planning legislation

The subject matter of the article is conditioned by the discourse on the necessity to codify the urban planning legislation, approve the Ukrainian Urban Planning Code, and align its provisions with the norms of related branches of the legislation.
 The purpose of the study is to specify the subject matter of the Urban Development Code's regulation and the sectoral affiliation of urban development relations, to define the structure of the codified act, and to change the requirements of the Commercial Code of Ukraine.
 The research methods are based on the concepts and theories that describe the current state of the problem of the current urban planning and economic legislation in Ukraine and summarize the content of scientific works to conduct a broad analysis of the codification of the urban planning legislation while taking into account the existing legal system in Ukraine.
 Results. The codification of the urban planning legislation, it is argued, provides for: increased transparency and ease of use of the norm; equivalent integrated nature of spatial planning; achievement of consistency of spatial planning and development in decision-making and regulation; decentralization and limitation of discretionary powers; and optimization of governing bodies in the urban planning sphere. The structured act of the Code will solve the problems of inconsistency and uncertainty of the conceptual apparatus in the field of urban planning, inconsistency with the land, environmental, and monument protection legislation, problems of technological support of urban planning activities, procedures for spatial planning, and public control over the development and adoption of urban planning documentation, with the maximum reduction in the number of acts of the current legislation.
 Conclusions. It is proposed that the subject matter of regulation of the Urban Development Code of Ukraine should include social relations arising, changing, and terminating in connection with urban development activities based on the principles of a comfortable living environment and life cycle management of construction objects

EFFICIENCY EVALUATION OF INTERSECTIONS AND INTERCHANGES OF THE URBAN STREET NETWORK IN UKRAINE USING TRANSPORT MODELING

The article examines the current problems of transport modeling using to evaluate the efficiency of intersections and interchanges in a saturated by traffic flows urban street network in conditions of limited resources. It was found out that current urban planning documentation in Ukraine is oriented towards working with unsaturated by traffic flows urban street network, and the main efficiency indicator now is the capacity. It has been proven that the efficiency of the urban street network depends on the efficiency of its components – intersections, interchanges, and links. Due to the permanent redistribution of the traffic flows, intersections and interchanges have a greater impact on the urban street network efficiency. In turn, the efficiency of the intersections and interchanges is determined by their project solutions. It was concluded that it is possible to evaluate the efficiency of the intersections and interchanges on the urban street network using the total delay time for cars. Accordingly, the criterion for evaluating the efficiency of the intersections and interchanges is the reduction of this indicator. The computer experiment showed that the reduction of delay time for cars at intersections and interchanges in saturated by traffic flows urban street networks does not necessarily mean a decrease in the total delay time for cars. At the same time, a decrease in the total delay time for cars may stimulate demand for additional car trips, which will lead to an increase in the total delay time for cars due to an increase in the number of cars in the urban street network. It is justified that the choice of efficiency criteria should be approached responsibly and carefully especially in conditions of limited resources.

CADASTRAL SYSTEMS AND LAND STRUCTURE IN URBAN PLANNING: OPTIMIZATION OF LAND USE AND URBAN PLANNING

The article is devoted to the study of the role of cadastral systems and land management in urban planning. The authors consider ways to optimize land use and urban planning based on the integration of modern cadastral tools. Potential advantages and opportunities provided by cadastral systems for effective management of urban territories, ensuring their sustainable development and taking into account ecological, economic and social aspects are analyzed. The article examines the relationship between cadastral systems and land management in the context of urban planning. The main attention is paid to the optimization of land use and urban planning with the help of modern cadastral technologies. Key principles by which cadastral information can contribute to a more rational and efficient distribution and use of land resources in urban conditions are considered. In addition, the article discusses the importance of cadastral systems in the formation of urban planning strategies and plans for the development of settlements. Formation of land relations, peculiarities of urban development. The theoretical foundations were studied and made it possible to develop an integrated environment for urban land use. This environment combines methods and models of observation, processing and use of geodata, implementation of urban planning documents, assessment of the dynamics of urban objects, identification of inconsistencies, their detection and correction, as well as methods of monitoring the development of urban territories, taking into account their economic, social and legal context. The relevance of the application of geoinformation systems is noted in connection with the complexity of urban planning documentation, a large volume of data and problems of management and distribution of urban land resources. Such systems are considered as a comprehensive solution aimed at optimizing decision-making processes in urban planning and land use. The article focuses on the need to integrate modern technologies into the urban planning process to achieve sustainable development of cities and harmonious interaction between man and the environment.

ИНДИКАТОРЫ ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНОГО И ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНОВ

A cross-section of modern evaluation scales of the spatial organization of regional and urban systems is presented, focused on ensuring sustainable, information technology, architectural and urban development of the living environment of people. Theoretical models of unified indexing of the territorial and spatial organization of regions are proposed, corresponding to the current regulatory framework and priority scientific research in the field of criteria of spatial development of regions and their parts, as well as a table of correlation of differences in the conditions of spatial development of regions. The task of "developing the scientific foundations and methodology of the human habitat quality assessment system", including at the regional level, is included in the List of priority areas for the development of applied sciences and exploratory research of the RAASN and the Ministry of Construction of Russia. The methodological basis of the research is the principles of a systematic approach to urban planning, corresponding to the laws of goal-setting, construction and development (implementation) of complex systems. The practical significance of the research lies in the use of the main results of the work in the urban planning support of the spatial development strategy of Russia in terms of the application of its provisions in the preparation of regulatory requirements for urban planning documentation in the field of spatial and territorial planning of the development of regions and agglomeration forms of settlement; in the educational process of preparation in the areas of "Architecture" and "Urban Planning".

THE PREREQUISITES FOR CREATING A GEOSPATIAL DATASET OF THE STATE CADASTRE OF NATURAL TERRITORIES OF RESORTS

This article analyzes the key issues of the current state of geospatial data in the State Cadastre of Natural Areas of Resort, establishes requirements for the data and metadata of this cadastre, taking into account the current legislation in the field of National Spatial Data Infrastructure (hereinafter – NSDI). The authors have formulated and proposed some solutions for creating a set of geospatial data for the State Cadastre of Natural Areas of Resort, as well as a methodology for forming this dataset in terms of the boundaries of state-level resort areas, their districts, and sanitary (mining-sanitary) protection zones, considering existing urban planning and land management documentation. The research results will provide developers of planning documentation with baseline data and ensure compliance with restrictions on the use of natural resources within resort area districts. Additionally, the need for geospatial data on artesian wells located within resort territories has been identified with the aim of restoring the boundaries of the first sanitary (mining-sanitary) protection zone. The processing of the research’s initial data was carried out in the geoinformation environment of QGIS software, as well as in Digitals software.

ВЫСОТНЫЙ РЕГЛАМЕНТ ДЛЯ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОГО ЦЕНТРА ГОРОДА ПЕНЗЫ

The historical center of the city is the main keeper of the cultural code of the city, since the most important historical and cultural objects are concentrated within its borders, the historical environment is preserved. The appearance of high-rise buildings has become a familiar result of the process of urban reconstruction of historical city centers. As a result, there is a compositional destruction of the historical environment, distortion and spatial destruction of the established historical ensembles. The city of Penza is no exception: dozens of historical buildings have been lost, and their place has been taken by buildings of a larger scale and height that destroy the historical environment. The problem of regulating the height of new buildings in the historical environment of the city of Penza has acquired the most acute character and requires its solution. The purpose of the study is to develop a height regulation for the historical center of Penza as an approbation of the previously proposed "comprehensive methodology for identifying the boundaries of the height of a new development in the historical center of a large city based on landscape-visual analysis." The research is based on the study of the problems of regulating the height of buildings in historical city centers in Russia and abroad, the analysis of scientific works and the legislative framework of the Russian Federation and the city of Penza in the field of height regulation, the systematization of domestic and foreign experience in the formation and regulation of height restrictions in historical city centers, a full-scale survey of the city, retrospective and landscape-visual analysis, graphical modeling. As a result of the conducted research, positive results were obtained: the proposed methodology, as a result of testing, confirmed its effectiveness, made it possible to identify landscape and visual features of the historical center of Penza and to form height restrictions within the boundaries of the historical center of the city, the structure and content of the high-rise regulations for the development of the historical center of the city were formed, options for integrating the high-rise regulations into the urban planning documentation of the municipal level were considered.

Гігієна планування та забудови населених місць як безпекова детермінанта громадського здоров’я в умовах воєнного стану

Introduction: Martial law continues to operate in Ukraine, in which the primary task of the state is to preserve the health and life of the population. The priority in this regard is the prevention of the harmful influence of martial law conditions on the formation of children's bodies and the creation of conditions for their upbringing and education. Proceeding from the above, the solution to the issues regarding collective civil protection should be carried out through the construction/reconstruction of civil protection facilities, taking into account the specific conditions for both the adult population and the children's contingent. Objective: there is the development of sanitary and hygienic requirements for civil defense structures of public and residential buildings during the period of martial law and their use in the post-war state - as dual-purpose structures, taking into account the experience of warring countries. Research methods: research methods are used in the work: bibliosemantic, analytical, hygienic and sanitary-epidemiological examination of construction projects. The materials of the research were the sanitary, urban planning and educational legislations of Ukraine and other countries in the field of designing civil defense structures of residential and public buildings, construction projects of public and residential buildings. Results: the article highlights the activities of the Laboratory, which is aimed at studying the hygienic urban planning problems of the comprehensive restoration of settlements (territories) that suffered as a result of hostilities, terrorist acts, and the development of hygienic criteria for their reconstruction in order to create safe living conditions of the population, in particular ensuring the conditions of collective civil protection in civil protection facilities of public and residential buildings. Conclusion: The activities of urban planning specialists in the direction of hygienic assessment of urban planning documentation of settlements affected by hostilities and the development of requirements for safe living of the population should be aimed at strengthening the safety determinant of public health by creating optimal conditions for collective civil protection of the population in civil protection structures of public and residential buildings - for the period of martial law and construction - the use of these structures in a dual location.

The problem of establishing coastal protection strips within settlements

The article analyzes the main problems related to establishing coastal protection strips within the boundaries of settlements. Groups of problems were identified based on standard features and reasons for their occurrence: problems caused by the obsolescence or lack of urban planning and land management documentation; problems related to land plots adjacent to coastal protective strips; problems associated with obstructing citizens' access to water bodies and those associated with insufficient control over the condition of riverbeds. It has been established that the most common problem is the lack of up-to-date urban planning and land management documentation, such as a master plan and a land management project for establishing (changing) boundaries, including settlements, a land management project that defines the territories of the nature reserve fund, other areas of nature protection, health, recreation, historical and cultural, forestry purposes, as well as water fund lands and water protection zones (most of these documents are from the 80-90s of the last century). Insufficient documentation also leads to the loss of natural channels of water bodies in some places, such as on the territory of territorial communities, making it challenging to establish coastal protection strips. According to the current legislation, the owners of land plots do not have the right to own these land plots. In addition, a significant problem is restricting citizens' access to water bodies in settlements. The article also analyzes essential documents and regulatory and methodological materials regarding establishing coastal protection strips. It was emphasized that measures such as the updating of urban planning documentation, in particular the development of comprehensive plans for the spatial development of the territories of territorial communities, conducting an inventory of land within the boundaries of water bodies, and the development of projects for the establishment of water protection zones and coastal protection strips will contribute to the solution of these problems and ensure the proper order of using water objects. Keywords: coastal protection strips, water protection zones, urban planning documentation, regulatory and legal support, territorial communities.

КОМПЛЕКСНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПРОЕКТА ПЛАНИРОВКИ ТЕРРИТОРИИ ЛИНЕЙНОГО ОБЪЕКТА СИСТЕМЫ ВОДОСНАБЖЕНИЯ ЗАМАРАЙСКОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ ПОДЗЕМНЫХ ВОД С ЦЕЛЬЮ БЕЗОПАСНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИИ

Issues of quality water supply are always relevant, because water is the source of life on Earth. The article deals with the design of linear water supply systems and identifies the main problems of their functioning. The authors present the results of studies of the projected reserve water pipeline from the Zamarayskoye groundwater deposit to the pumping stations in the Serovsky urban district. It is found that the preparation of urban planning documentation is currently an important condition for the safe development of the territory. The purpose of such documentation is to form the boundaries of land for the placement of new engineering networks, in particular the water supply system. Safe water use is one of the main aspects of social state policy.

ANALYSIS OF DIRECT LOSSES AND TASKS OF RESTORING FIXED RESOURCES DAMAGED AS A RESULT OF HOSTILITIES IN UKRAINE

he article is devoted to the analysis of the assessment of direct losses for the restoration of fixed resources destroyed and damaged as a result of hostilities. The analysis and assessment of direct physical damage was carried out according to the data of open sources of information on the situation of damaged real estate objects. The distribution and evaluation of direct losses of the number of destroyed and damaged objects are investigated. The assessment methodology involves the use of indirect methods, statistical data and certain assumptions, in particular regarding the amount of damage in territories where active hostilities are still ongoing, the physical examination of which is limited due to danger (for example, mining of territories), or which are in the territories occupied by the aggressor. Examples of restored housing stock on the example of Kharkov are given.Analysis of the data shows that active rocket and artillery attacks on cities, as part of the tactics of warfare, lead to massive destruction of housing in cities, especially those that are near or on the front line. According to preliminary estimates, as a result of the fighting of the Russian Federation, a significant number of cities and towns are damaged or destroyed, more than 50% of the total housing stock. This creates the need not only for the reconstruction of individual buildings, but also for the comprehensive reconstruction of cities, the development of new urban planning documentation, etc.Statistical analysis shows that the housing stock of those regions that were under occupation or in unabated proximity to the front line suffered the greatest destruction. At the same time, the receipt of information about the actual (compared to the previous assessment) state of damage to objects in the liberated and controlled territories of Ukraine is used as an instruction to clarify assumptions about the level of damage and the volume of destruction. The final assessment of the amount of damage and destruction is possible only after the end of hostilities in Ukraine.The article provides a nomenclature of the order of work on the dismantling of destroyed buildings and structures, the sequence of decisions necessary to conduct a survey of damaged housing facilities, namely apartment buildings.

ПРАВОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ПЛАНУВАННЯ НОВИХ НАСЕЛЕНИХ ПУНКТІВ НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ УКРАЇНИ У ПОВОЄННИЙ ПЕРІОД

The article highlights the main problems of legal regulation of the planning and construction of new settlements in the light of the recovery of Ukraine from the consequences of the war. The legal status of the settlement as a settlement system and administrative-territorial unit is considered. It has been analyzed that the design of new settlements on the territory of Ukraine in the post-war period will be carried out in the status of a future comprehensively populated territory. It is considered that proposals and justifications for the planning and development of new settlements can be provided by programs for the comprehensive restoration of the region or the territory of the territorial community, planning schemes for the territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, regions and districts, as well as a comprehensive plan for the spatial development of the territory of the territorial community. It is emphasized that the urban planning documentation of the regional level, the documentation on the spatial development and restoration of the territory of the territorial community can only contain proposals regarding the feasibility of building new settlements, their preliminary financial and economic calculation and proposals on the sources of financing such measures. It is argued that the planning and development of new settlements should be carried out by developing master plans. It was found that the planning of a settlement without an approved name, registration in the accounting data and code of the Codifier of administrativeterritorial units and territories of territorial communities is currently impossible due to gaps in legal regulation. In this regard, it was emphasized the need to take into account the experience of foreign countries in the reconstruction of settlements in Ukraine in the post-war period. The need to regulate at the level of normative legal acts the procedure for selecting the territory for the planning and development of new settlements with the definition of urban planning requirements taking into account the natural, climatic and other conditions of the area of their future development is substantiated. Formulated proposals for the improvement of urban planning legislation.