Urban Lifestyle Research Articles

Promoting and managing youth jogging groups in Tanzania: can we bank on social capital?

ABSTRACT Rationale/Purpose The article examined the manner and the extent to which social capital influenced the formation, promotion and management of jogging groups in Tanzania. Design/Methodology/Approach A qualitative approach was used to collect and analyse data, whereby interviews, focus group discussions and observations were used as data collection methods. Social capital theory (SCT) guided this study. Findings Social capital manifested in features such as friendship and neighbourhood ties, work connections and association memberships, norms and values like trust and respect facilitate the formation, promotion, and management of physical activity in urban Tanzania through Youth Jogging Groups (YJG). Practical Implication State and non-state actors like private institutions, parents, and community residents should provide training, moral guidance and financial support to existing youth jogging groups’ initiatives and goals. This support has practical contributions towards addressing multiple health-related challenges facilitated by urban sedentary lifestyles. Research contribution Well-established social capital features among urban youth in the global youth serve a critical role in mobilising, managing, and surviving collective physical activity such as group jogging.

Plantain flour: production processes, technological characteristics, and its potential use in traditional African dishes - a review.

This review describes some processes for converting plantain pulp into flour and semolina and the influences that operating conditions can have on some of the technological characteristics (functional and pasting) of this flour. Some traditional African dishes that can be prepared with plantain flour are also presented. A literature review was conducted using a list of keywords and expressions on platforms such as Google, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate. The results show that work carried out to date has mainly focused on a few well known traditional bakery products such as bread, cakes, and biscuits. There has been relatively little research on transforming plantain pulp into flour as part of the preparation of traditional African dishes such as foutou or amala. This work has often been carried out in the laboratory, without any link to local artisanal processes or knowledge of consumer preferences. There is a need to standardize local culinary practices for processing plantain into flour or semolina. The data from this review opens the door for applied research into innovative technological procedures for processing plantain to add value to local dishes adapted to new urban lifestyles, to meet local consumer needs, and to reduce post-harvest losses. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Cross regional online food delivery: Service quality optimization and real-time order assignment

Online food delivery (OFD) represents a rapidly evolving e-business application that leverages cloud computing data centers, playing a crucial role in meeting the demands of urban lifestyles. With diverse order fulfillment features and increasing expectations for service quality, the task of effectively assigning riders for timely long-distance, cross-regional deliveries presents a significant engineering challenge. Previous studies often relied on traditional rider allocation methods that fail to account for varying capacities, or they utilized non-intelligent systems that did not adequately address fluctuating order demands and service delays. In this study, we introduce a robust Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) optimization framework designed to minimize the total service time and delivery cost for cross-regional orders. This framework divides a large OFD area into multiple regions and utilizes both transfer vehicles and riders to optimize deliveries. To enhance the predictive accuracy of our model, we incorporate advanced machine learning techniques. Specifically, we employ the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to forecast regional order demands accurately, reflecting the dynamic nature of the marketplace. Additionally, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) is tailored to dynamically predict travel times from restaurants to customer locations, facilitating more precise scheduling and resource allocation within the MILP framework. These machine learning techniques significantly bolster the MILP framework by providing detailed, accurate predictions that improve decision-making processes and adaptability to real-time conditions. Acknowledging the complexity of this optimization problem, we further enhance our approach by integrating a meta-heuristic algorithm, Adaptive Large Neighbor Search (ALNS), which efficiently assigns orders to the appropriate transfer vehicles and riders within polynomial time. Our Cross Regional Online Food Delivery (XROFD) system is meticulously designed to optimize both customer satisfaction and rider incentives. Simulation experiments confirm that the XROFD system not only reduces service times and delivery costs but also markedly enhances customer satisfaction and provides superior incentives for riders, outperforming existing state-of-the-art methods.

Influencers and social media: gentrification aesthetics and prosumption through China’s wanghong economy

ABSTRACT Considering the emerging wanghong (social media and influencers) places in China that share high commonalities in their urban landscapes, I chose Dongshankou in Guangzhou as a representative case study by discussing the universalism revealed from the particularities of China, to explore the possibilities of building dialogues with gentrification scholarship to enlighten future research. By engaging with the concept of gentrification aesthetics, I first argue that what is happening in Dongshankou shows that consumers’ check-in activities – attracted by something online and visiting the place onsite – reveal the changing nature of consumers and that prosumption, rather than merely consumption, contributed digital/gentrifiable capital to Dongshankou. Based on this new feature of prosumption, I use gentrification aesthetics to contend that places with exotic urban landscapes offer a place for consumers to showcase their exquisite consumption tastes and social identities. Therefore, I extend the concept of gentrification aesthetics by arguing that it is a prosumption process, whereby Chinese consumers with middle-class tastes are consuming places with aesthetics and produce new aesthetics through their exquisite urban lifestyles. This shows that gentrification aesthetics is an aesthetic-seeking and building-up process initiated by consumers’ prosumption practices, which in the end enhances the cultural representation of one place.

Development of an Active Transportation Framework Model for Sustainable Urban Development

Active transportation, with simple mobility modes such as walking and cycling, could be pivotal in addressing multiple sustainability challenges related to socio-economic, environmental, and public health issues. This paper investigates the facilitators for active transportation and assesses its impact on health, well-being, and urban sustainability. As a result, a multidimensional conceptual framework is developed to analyze the determinants influencing individuals’ propensity to engage in active transportation and thereby lead to a sustainable, high-quality way of life. Through an extensive review of the relevant literature, key elements for active transportation, accessibility, and social inclusion are identified, and their potential impact on urban health and sustainability is investigated. Findings suggest that interrelationships between factors such as enhanced infrastructure, safety measures, and improved urban accessibility would significantly encourage active transportation usage. The proposed framework argues for a positive association between active transportation and improved health outcomes, contributing to sustainable urban environments. Furthermore, it is advocated that changing attitudes and mindsets could be achieved by urban planning and policy reforms supporting active transportation, as well as by effectively communicating the multiple benefits for individuals, the economy, and society at large. Comprehensive policy strategies, which include improvements in urban design and increased public awareness of the benefits of active transportation, could establish a paradigm shift for promoting a higher quality of life through a healthy, active, and sustainable urban lifestyle.

Investigation of Urban Heat Island Based on Remote Sensing and GIS

In modern times, cities and cities' economy are the main causes of global problems. For this reason, the study of cities is an urgent issue. Our goal is to study the temperature of the elements of climate in Shirvan, one of the big cities in the Republic of Azerbaijan, and to analyze urban heat islands. Landsat satellite images were decoded and analyzed using Remote Sensing and GIS technologies during the study. It was determined that the surface temperature in the northwestern and western parts of the city is unfavourable for the health of the population in the summer months. At this time, the temperature indicators in the areas of the city close to the banks of the Kura river are quite favourable as a result of the influence of the river. The intensive development of the industry in the city and the large population have caused the energy consumption to be higher than in other areas. The presence of an urban lifestyle and the construction of asphalted roads have led to the creation of urban heat islands.

Assessment of Drainage Capacity of a Surface Drain in Rajshahi, Bangladesh

One of the most important components of a community's sustainable environment system is its drainage capacity. The drainage capacity of a community is essential to maintaining environmental resilience, effective water management, and encouraging a healthy urban lifestyle. The surface drains in Rajshahi City receive a mix of waste, including sanitary wastewater, stormwater runoff, and solid waste from roadsides and households. To improve the drainage facilities of Rajshahi, some new drains have been constructed. This study considered a recently constructed drain in the Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC), running from Talaimari to Chowddopai. The primary objective of this study is to assess the drainage capacity of this drain during both dry and monsoon seasons, ensuring its capability to contain the generated waste. Additionally, the investigation encompasses observing the sludge depth, and clear space of the drain. A field survey was conducted, employing a measuring rod and scale to precisely measure the depth, width, and sludge accumulation. A map was created in ArcGIS providing all the data collected from field surveys. By examining these parameters, this study seeks to contribute valuable information for enhancing the resilience and functionality of the drainage system, thereby promoting a sustainable urban environment.

Potret Gaya Hidup Remaja Urban dalam Novel 12 Cerita Glen Anggara Karya Luluk Hf

Portrait of the lifestyle of urban teenagers which is a form of life in explaining phenomena that occur in urban society. Urban society itself has different characteristics from rural society which can be seen from the way of thinking and the surrounding environment. One of the novels that can be seen is a portrait of urban teenagers entitled 12 Stories of Glen Anggara by Luluk HF. The life of urban teenagers is explained through the characters' behavior with their environment, such as towards friends and family, which influences their lifestyle. This research is included in qualitative research which uses descriptive methods. This research aims to describe: (1) a portrait of the lifestyle of urban teenagers regarding the prestige of recreation in the novel 12 Stories Glen Anggara by Luluk HF, (2) a portrait of urban teenagers about the instant lifestyle in the novel 12 Stories Glen Anggara by Luluk HF, (3) portrait of an urban teenager about an individualistic lifestyle in the novel 12 Stories Glen Anggara by Luluk HF, (4) portrait of an urban teenager about a virtual lifestyle in the novel 12 Stories Glen Anggara by Luluk HF. The data collection technique for this research involves reading and understanding from the beginning to the end of the novel first, then marking the parts that are research points in terms of lifestyle portraits, determining the main characters in the novel and inventorying the data in a format. The data validation technique used is the triangulation technique. The triangulation technique is carried out by creating various versions of questions, examining various data sources, utilizing various methods. The research findings on portraits of urban teenagers' lifestyles in the novel 12 Stories of Glen Anggara by Luluk HF include portraits of recreational prestige, portraits of instant lifestyles, portraits of individualist lifestyles, and portraits of virtual lifestyles

Optimizing Urban Form to Enhance Dispersion of Carbon Emissions: A Case Study of Hangzhou

Achieving the dual goals of “carbon neutrality and carbon peaking” will necessitate not only improving urban production and lifestyles to reduce carbon emissions but also minimizing the adverse effects of urban building elements on the diffusion of carbon emissions. This can facilitate the rapid flow of carbon emissions to high-carbon sink areas, thereby accelerating urban carbon circulation. This study calculated the carbon emissions of Hangzhou, utilized the WRF/Hysplit coupling method to simulate the city’s carbon emission diffusion status in 2020, and explored the impact of construction land layouts on carbon emission diffusion in terms of building height and building location. The results indicate the following: (1) The main sources of carbon emissions are located within the city, displaying a multi-center spatial distribution. The primary corridor for carbon emission diffusion is on the east side, where the underlying building density is relatively low. (2) As the building height increases from 24 to 36 m, the obstructive effect on carbon emission diffusion rapidly intensifies; however, this increase slows considerably once the building height exceeds 54 m. (3) The impact of buildings on carbon emission diffusion is the greatest when the distance between construction land and a carbon source area is 0 km. When this distance is 2 km, the obstructive effect of buildings significantly improves, depending on their heights. Beyond 7 km, the building height has almost no impact on carbon emission diffusion. The findings of this study may provide valuable suggestions for optimizing building heights in newly developed areas on the outskirts of cities, aiding in the effective design of construction land layouts to help China achieve its carbon neutrality and carbon peaking goals.

Exploring urban community gardens as ‘third places’: fostering social interaction in distressed neighbourhoods of Cape Town, South Africa

ABSTRACT The process of urbanisation and the associated urban lifestyle have been linked to social isolation and negative mental health impacts. As urbanisation and mobility continue to surge in African cities, urban planners face the challenge of creating inclusive spaces that encourage social interaction among urbanites. This research utilises the conceptual lens of ‘Third places’ to assess the role of urban community gardens in cultivating spaces that mitigate the negative effects of urbanisation within distressed communities in Cape Town, South Africa. A qualitative approach, involving open-ended questions and semi-structured interviews, along with observations, was employed to achieve the research aims. Findings revealed that individuals perceive community gardens as a channel for breaking free from isolation and fostering informal interactions among neighbourhood residents. However, the effectiveness of these gardens is hindered by several factors, such as their location and land tenure insecurity, which impede their ability to bring about meaningful changes within their communities. This research urges scholars to critically reconsider established criteria for third places, advocating for a nuanced understanding that acknowledges the diverse dynamics of community gardening in global South cities, thereby enriching theoretical discourse and informing practical interventions for fostering inclusive and sustainable urban communities.

Assessing Immediate and Lasting Impacts of COVID-19-Induced Isolation on Green Space Usage Patterns.

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly influenced urban lifestyles, particularly the utilization of green spaces. While existing studies have primarily focused on the immediate effects of COVID-19-induced isolation, less attention has been given to the enduring impacts on green space usage patterns. This study addresses this gap by conducting three comprehensive surveys in Dezhou, China-before, during, and after the first wave of social isolation (December 2019, March 2020, December 2020). These surveys assessed socioeconomic conditions, commuting habits, green space usage habits, and landscape preferences, specifically focusing on usage frequency, duration of stays, and activities undertaken. Using Mann-Whitney U tests and Spearman's rho correlations, we identified significant long-term changes, including an increase in the frequency of visits by previously infrequent users, a reduction in visit durations, and a rise in high-intensity activities. These trends persisted 9months post-isolation, highlighting the pandemic's lasting impact on green space usage and its critical role in enhancing public health and pandemic preparedness through thoughtful urban environmental design. This study not only sheds light on behavioral adaptations during a public health crisis but also offers evidence-based strategies for urban planning to bolster societal resilience in the face of future pandemics.

Great leap forward famine exposure and urban-rural migration convolute the modern prevalence of diabetes in China

BackgroundAlthough evidence from birth cohort analysis has indicated the metabolic risk of early-life exposure to the Great Leap Forward Famine (GLFF) in China, three confounding effects, including the exposure windows, aging, and geographical variations in famine severity, have been brought to debates for a decade. This study aimed to address these confounding effects and extensively examine how GLFF exposure is associated with diabetes risk in mid-to-late life and its interaction with urban-rural migration.MethodsData from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analyzed with age-stratification and stepped wedge approaches. Weighted prevalence and multivariable logistic regression were used to investigate the effects of GLFF exposure and urban-rural migration on mid-to-late life diabetes risk and the interaction between GLFF exposure and urban-rural migration. Birth provinces were controlled as a fixed effect to account for variations in famine severity across provinces.ResultsCompared to those who were never exposed to GLFF, fetal GLFF exposure was associated with a higher risk of adult-onset diabetes after controlling for provinces, demographics, and health statuses. Yet, after adding the proxy of childhood growth environments into the model, fetal exposure to GLFF was not significantly associated with adult-onset diabetes risk (OR = 1.22, p = 0.10), compared to those who were never exposed to GLFF. Across the three age-stratification groups, static urban residents, in general, had a higher risk of diabetes compared to static rural residents. Interaction effects between GLFF exposure and urban-rural migration were insignificant across all three age-stratification groups.ConclusionFetal exposure to GLFF might have a traceable effect on adult-onset diabetes risk. Yet, the growth environment and urban lifestyle outweigh and further confound the impact of GLFF exposure on adult-onset diabetes risk.

Application of Queue Theory in Cafe Services with Erlang Distribution

As urban lifestyles evolve, culinary businesses, particularly cafes, have experienced rapid growth. This surge in popularity has led to an increase in customers and, consequently, longer queues. These extended wait times can frustrate customers and pose challenges to cafe management. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive eval___uation and optimization of the service system at a Samarinda cafe using the Erlang distribution queuing system. Primary data was meticulously collected over six days, amounting to a total of 12 hours of observation. Kolmogorov-Smirnov distribution fitting tests were employed, revealing that customer service times adhered to an exponential distribution. The average customer arrival rate was determined to be 0.351 per minute, while the average service time was calculated at 5.546 minutes per customer. Our analysis confirmed that the system operates in a steady state with a utility value of 0.06, indicating sufficient service capacity to handle the current customer load. Therefore, the study concludes that the cafe's service system is currently optimal.

A new multi-method decision framework for anchor selection and tenant mix allocation optimisation in shopping malls

The increasing urbanisation and fast-paced lifestyle have heightened the importance of shopping malls in retail industry, altering traditional shopping patterns by designing efficient space and optimise time of shoppers. Due to this newly-acquired importance, these malls have become critical players in the retail industry sector. Despite their significance, current research lacks comprehensive scientific methods in two critical aspects: the classification of anchors (or magnet shops) and regular tenants, and the detailed analysis of interrelations among anchors and tenants within the shopping malls. Both aspects are heavily related to the strategic allocation of shops position within malls. For addressing these gaps, this paper introduces a multi-method framework expert system to classify anchors and tenants and to optimise their positions in the shopping mall, considering their categories and existing product relationships. This framework comprises a new sorting method, a modified ranking method, a product correlation technique based on implementing ecological dynamics, an ecological interrelation index, and a metaheuristic allocation algorithm. The practical application of this framework is demonstrated through a real-world case study, highlighting its potential to significantly improve shopping mall management and retail efficiency. The effect of the proposed framework is subject to empirical tests and comparison between layout modifications.

Food safety concerns and purchase choices among poor households in the urbanising global south: the case of Dhaka, Bangladesh

This article looks into the daily food shopping practices of poor urban households in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A practice theory-based approach is used to explore their coping strategies in response to food safety concerns. By applying an exploratory sequential mixed-method approach, two groups of shoppers are compared: recently arrived migrants and established residents, as recently arrived migrants are expected to face an unfamiliar food shopping environment and therefore need to reconsider their daily food shopping practices. The results describe the elements of food shopping practices: food items, retail outlets, affordability, social networks, and relations to work. We identified the absence of freshness, undesirable substances, and the need for more information about the production process as the primary food safety concerns. Among both shopper groups, the harmful consequence of applying the chemical 'formalin' to food is considered the most prominent food safety concern. Major coping strategies include identifying (un)safe food, proactive selection, and establishing and maintaining social relationships. The two groups have similarities and differences in using skills and competencies to mitigate their food safety concerns in everyday shopping practices. Recently arrived migrants have to adapt to urban lifestyles and reconfigure their food safety concerns into their daily food shopping practices.

Low-carbon lifestyle index and its socioeconomic determinants among households in Saudi Arabia

Understanding the complex relationship between household consumption patterns, lifestyles, socioeconomic characteristics, and carbon footprint is crucial for mitigating climate change. However, the impact of urban household lifestyles on carbon footprint remains understudied in the Middle East, which ranks high in carbon emissions per capita globally. A case study of the region is particularly relevant due to its unique cultural characteristics that may have different impacts on household consumption patterns. This study develops household low-carbon index based on consumption lifestyles at home, workplace, and during leisure, and shopping, and predicts its socioeconomic determinants in Saudi Arabia. Data was collected via a questionnaire distributed among urban residents in the Dammam Metropolitan Area and subsequently analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate regression. The study found varying attitudes toward packaging, waste recycling, recreation, transportation, food consumption, textiles, electronics, and furniture use among respondents. The average household low-carbon index was moderate (ℼ = 1.642, σ = 0.734) on a 3.0 Likert scale. The study identified income, household size, household type, education level, gender, age, and marital status, as significant predictors of household low-carbon index (p < 0.05). This study equips policymakers with valuable insights to implement low-carbon policies and raise public awareness of the benefits of adopting low-carbon lifestyles, thereby fostering urban resilience and sustainability.

Implementasi Sistem Menu Engineering untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Menu di X Coffee Eatery Tebet

Cafes or coffee shops have grown rapidly and become an important part of the urban lifestyle. In the face of growing market demand, improving menu quality is a key focus for every cafe. Menu engineering systems provide a solid structural foundation for understanding and managing each stage in creating a dish. The purpose of this research is to find out how the level of popularity of the menu at X Coffee Eatery, to find out how the profit level at X Coffee Eatery, and to find out how the menu performance category at X Coffee Eatery. This research uses a descriptive approach with quantitative methods. The results showed that of the 69 menu items, the results can be seen, namely in the X Special menu type 1 menu item which has a popularity level (MM%) of 100%. 16 menu items categorized as star, 4 menus categorized as plowhorse, 23 menus categorized as puzzle and 4 menus categorized as dog. Evaluation is needed for menus with low popularity levels in order to increase popularity through menu engineering methods.

Exploring Healthy Eating Perceptions, Barriers, and Facilitators among Urban Indigenous Peoples in Saskatchewan.

Urban Indigenous populations encounter distinctive challenges in maintaining traditional dietary practices, compounded by the complexities of socio-economic and environmental factors and the modern urban lifestyle. This qualitative study explores the perceptions of healthy eating, along with the facilitators and barriers to such practices, among urban Indigenous peoples in Saskatoon, Regina, and Prince Albert. Through virtual interviews, we engage 14 participants from these cities. Utilizing NVivo for thematic coding, we apply inductive thematic analysis to reveal relevant themes. The study highlights a preference for nutrient-rich, natural, and minimally processed foods, with a significant emphasis on incorporating traditional Indigenous foods into diets. These preferences are deeply entwined with cultural identity and underscore the importance of traditional foods in maintaining cultural heritage and promoting well-being. Despite the intrinsic value of these traditional foods, participants face several barriers to healthy eating, including economic constraints, limited access to traditional foods, and the psychological impacts of historical trauma. Nevertheless, facilitators such as community and family support, engagement in traditional food practices, and a growing awareness of nutritional knowledge are identified as being crucial in supporting healthy dietary choices. This research underscores the complex interplay of cultural, economic, and environmental factors in shaping the dietary practices of urban Indigenous peoples.

Dressing up the place: Urban lifestyle mobilities and the production of “fashionable” tourism destinations in rural Japan

The past three decades of neoliberal structural reforms in Japan has established tourism policy favoring privatization, deregulation, and flexible mobility of capital to encourage decentralized markets. Within this system, attracting skilled urban migrants to rural regions has emerged as a central component of planning and development. Drawing on Kawamura's theory of fashion-ology, this study details the process of how rural tourism destinations are produced and (re)fashioned by urban-to-rural lifestyle migrants who bring new practices, aesthetics, and meanings to place. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2021/2022 in the rural coastal town of Aoshima, we outline the co-constitutive dynamic between “star migrants”, industry “gatekeepers”, and “consumers as producers” in the production and consumption of “fashionable” rural destinations. The article contributes to literature on how rural tourism destinations are governed in contemporary neoliberal societies and provides insights into the unequal urban-to-rural power relations that continue to define Japan's regional revitalization programs.

Factors Associated with Overweight/Obesity among Rural Secondary School Children in Bangladesh

Background &amp; Objective: Unhealthy dietary patterns in combination with a sedentary lifestyle could be contributing to some major health issues worldwide. Obesity in children and adolescents can have short- and long-term adverse health consequences including early mortality. Although previously limited to urban areas, with the rapid adoption of urban lifestyle by the rural people the problem is now ubiquitous. It is difficult to develop a policy for promoting health and reducing obesity among adolescents living in rural regions since there is a lack of information on the factors that contribute to this problem. The present study was, therefore undertaken to evaluate the factors influencing overweight and obesity among rural adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done based on data collected by students of Rajshahi Medical College as part of their RFST (Rural Field-site Training) in 2019 from a rural area of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. A total of 535 students from two rural secondary schools participated in the study. Every alternate student of those schools from class VI-X was then included in the study as a respondent. The weight and height of the selected students were first taken followed by data collection on variables of interest. Using weight and height data, the body mass index (BMI) of the respondents was first determined and was plotted on a growth chart (recommended by CDC, Atlanta) to find the percentile. Then the nutritional status of the individual respondents was determined based on their percentile status and was classified as underweight, normal, overweight, or obese. Results: Almost one-fifth (18.2%) of the respondents was found overweight or obese. Upon comparing respondents’ demographic characteristics, food and exercise behaviour between overweight &amp; obese and normal &amp; underweight groups, the former group was found younger than the latter group. Respondents’ socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with their nutritional status with overweight &amp; obese adolescents being significantly higher in the Middle- and rich SES group (78.4%) than in the poor and lower middle-class (61.4%). Neither dietary nor exercise behaviour was associated with the nutritional status of the respondents. Although the majority (84.2%) of normal &amp; underweight adolescents preferred low to medium-calorie snacks, overweight and obese adolescents were more likely to choose high-calorie snacks. Fast walking and running were the more common forms of exercise behaviour and of longer duration among the overweight &amp; obese cohort than those among normal &amp; underweight cohorts. Conclusion: The study concluded that the period of early adolescence is vulnerable to developing obesity. Adolescents belonging to middle and well-off SES are more prone to be overweight or obese than those belonging to lower middle &amp; poor SES. However, exercise, physical activity, and dietary habits of adolescents do not influence their nutritional status. Ibrahim Card Med J 2023; 13 (1&amp;2): 19-25