Urban Design Strategies Research Articles

도시공원의 필수 설계요소 추출 - 2017년 서울시 공원이용 만족도 조사의 결과 분석을 바탕으로 -

The aim of this study is to provide foundational knowledge of how to enhance the user satisfaction of urban parks. The study seeks to identify essential factors that influence user satisfaction and to provide better design strategies for future park design as well as the reorganization of existing ones. To measure user satisfaction, this study used factor analysis to extract essential factors - facility conditions, landscape and scenery, safety, and kindness - by using data from a survey conducted by the city of Seoul in 2017. We then used a regression analysis to infer causal relationships between the independent variables and the dependent variables (user satisfaction). The results revealed that the most significantly and positively related variable to user satisfaction in urban parks was safety (β=0.276, <italic>p</italic>&lt;.000), followed by landscape and scenery (β=0.230, <italic>p</italic>&lt;.000), facility conditions (β=0.215, <italic>p</italic>&lt;.000), and kindness (β=0.208, <italic>p</italic>&lt;.000). The results indicate that, for future urban park designs, planners and designers should prioritize the issues of safety by adopting crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). In addition, planners and designers of future park designs should heavily weigh the selection and provision of relevant facilities for the intended use as well as well-arranged and well-managed plants and trees. Based on the results of IPA analysis, the most urgent improvement elements appeared to be the factor of kindness; however, the impact of kindness influencing user satisfaction was less important than that of safety and landscape and scenery in the urban park design processes. This study demonstrates that to maximize the user satisfaction of the urban park design processes and to provide more valuable spaces for users, it is necessary to secure park safety and to create well-composed landscape and scenery. Future research should provide more detailed and specified urban park design strategies corresponding with the importance of the factors identified in this study.

Exploring Urban Design Strategies That Maximize the Benefits of Urban Nature for Children's Well-Being

Abstract The integration of high-quality nature spaces into urban areas can be an effective strategy to reverse the current decline in children's well-being. However, the effectiveness of these nat...

Main street plot scale in urban design for inclusive economies: Stockholm case studies

This paper explores evidence that entrepreneurial opportunities for migrants and other lower-income populations can be expanded in part through increasing the presence of fine-grained scales of plots and plates along main streets, as part of a systematic urban design strategy. It describes that systematic strategy herein. The paper encompasses the study of three main streets with varying plot sizes in the inner city of Stockholm, Sweden, and examines the outcomes for different types and scales of businesses. After presenting the findings, analysis and conclusions, larger questions of urban design for more inclusive economies are discussed.

7.D. Worskhop: Architecture and Urban Context's Design Strategies to Promote City Users' Healthy Behaviours

7.D. Worskhop: Architecture and Urban Context's Design Strategies to Promote City Users' Healthy Behaviours

7.D. Worskhop: Architecture and Urban Context's Design Strategies to Promote City Users' Healthy Behaviours

7.D. Worskhop: Architecture and Urban Context's Design Strategies to Promote City Users' Healthy Behaviours

Understanding the context of neighborhood parks: a method for public space classification

ABSTRACTNeighborhood parks are recognized as key urban public spaces that serve the social, economic, and environmental needs of adjacent neighborhoods. However, relevant studies primarily focus on the contribution of neighborhood parks as discrete spaces, instead of neighborhood parks as built spaces within an urban context. This research provides a better understanding of the inter-relationships between various urban form measures and an alternative way of constructing public space typology based on the surrounding urban form. The research employs factor and cluster analysis to develop a typology of 150 neighborhood park contexts in the City of Chicago, Illinois. 150-neighborhood park surroundings are classified into six categories based on an understanding of the dimensional structure of urban form elements; however, the Chicago Park District currently classifies them into one broad category. The study also provides guidelines for urban design and physical planning strategies for neighborhood park development.

The ‘Urban Elements’ method for teaching parametric urban design to professionals

The article proposes a method for teaching advanced urban design to working professionals in Singapore. The article aims to expand the discourse on parametric urban design education by introducing ‘Urban Elements’ as conceptual urban design instruments with an inherent rule-based logic, which can help to bridge gaps in teaching parametric urban design thinking. As case study we present a course developed for and delivered to the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) in Singapore in 2017 by the Future Cities Laboratory at the Singapore-ETH Centre. The article reports on the pedagogical method, course results and course feedback. The main difficulties of teaching professionals in parametric urban design are described and possible reasons and improvements are discussed. The results show that participants using the ‘Urban Elements’ method successfully linked theoretical input to urban design problems, applied evidence-based urban design strategies to these problems, and developed parametric definitions to explore the solution spaces of these urban design challenges. The teaching methodology presented opens up a new research field for urban design pedagogy at the intersection of explicating urban design intent, integrating multidisciplinary knowledge and exploring new software driven tools.

Social Interaction in the Back Lanes of China Town

The back lane is often associated with annoying, disgusting, narrow and dark. This paper concerns the use of the back lanes of the old shop houses in China Town, Kuala Lumpur. The instruments used in collecting data include observation, unstructured interview and literature review. The use and physical characteristics of back lanes were identified. It was found that the back lanes of China Town in Kuala Lumpur showed the success of turning back streets into lively alleys. Thus, the back lane could be considered as part of urban design strategies and not as leftover spaces.Keywords: back lane; social place; pedestrian; urban eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning &amp; Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i13.151

Urban Landscape Design Adaption to Flood Risk: A Case Study in Can Tho City, Vietnam

Located in the centre of the Mekong Delta (MD), Can Tho City (CTC), with a development history of more than three centuries, has affirmed its strategic position as an interregional centre. The city on Hau river is blessed by nature with the identity of a delta landscape associated with riverine dynamics. First, this article presents the development history of CTC, and the correlation between its urbanization history and the existing characteristics of the urban landscape. Then, this study further analyses challenges in urban development, assessing existing water infrastructure and opportunities of current urban and rural landscapes. Finally, urban landscape design strategies have been discussed to suggest improved resilience of the city with flood management in the context of climate change.

Changing Values on Water in Delta Cities: The case of Guangzhou in China’s Pearl River Delta

Delta cities worldwide are confronted with great challenges concerning flood risks, environmental pressures and other water-related urban issues. The complexity in both physical and social dimensions lies in diverse (and in many cases conflicting) values held by a wide variety of actors in spatial development. These values are shaped by the long-term impacts of natural forces, political powers, development ideologies, economic models, social structures, and local cultures. Defining the central role of “water” in structuring delta cities, this research applies the value concept as a particular lens to study how water is valued in each society through history. It argues that the recognition of diverse water values can help bridge the interplay between physical and societal systems within the delta, which can play a central role in developing urban planning and design strategies towards sustainable and liveable urban water environments. The thesis develops an empirically tested analytical framework which links value theory with planning and design practices to investigate context-specific spatial transformations as a result of individual and collective value judgements. Four key aspects of water values including flood safety, as well as economic, social and environmental values, are studied, and their interrelationships are discussed. Morphological analyses and value assessments are conducted to explore in what sense spatial changes can be considered an expression of the changing values and what we can learn from it to deal with complex spatial situations. The empirical studies are based on the long-term spatial development of Guangzhou as representative of a historical and rapidly growing delta city in China. Three development stages are illustrated to show different patterns of water-city interactions, the waterways city (before the 1920s) that was mainly structured by natural forces including natural waterways, the functional city (1920s-1970s) that was managed in a highly centralised approach such as functional zoning and large-scale flood defence, and the pluralistic city (after the 1970s) with the tendency towards accommodating plural values of water such as environmental sustainability, social equity and cultural identity. Based on value theory and the empirical studies of Guangzhou, three main characteristics of value transitions can be suggested. First, values change through time in response to the changing conditions of natural dynamics, societal needs, and emerging risks. It is important to recognise the process of transition and its underlying forces to enable a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that influence the spatial development and policy-making. Second, value conflicts act as a motivating force for changes in both spatial and social dimensions. Understanding the interrelations between values, either synergic or conflicting, is important to evaluate spatial policies and define future development orientations. Third, the persistence of traditional values within a society over time indicates the core cultures and common interests intrinsic to each society with an adaptive capacity to cope with changing contexts.

Changing Values on Water in Delta Cities

Delta cities worldwide are confronted with great challenges concerning flood risks, environmental pressures and other water-related urban issues. The complexity in both physical and social dimensions lies in diverse (and in many cases conflicting) values held by a wide variety of actors in spatial development. These values are shaped by the long-term impacts of natural forces, political powers, development ideologies, economic models, social structures, and local cultures. Defining the central role of “water” in structuring delta cities, this research applies the value concept as a particular lens to study how water is valued in each society through history. It argues that the recognition of diverse water values can help bridge the interplay between physical and societal systems within the delta, which can play a central role in developing urban planning and design strategies towards sustainable and liveable urban water environments. The thesis develops an empirically tested analytical framework which links value theory with planning and design practices to investigate context-specific spatial transformations as a result of individual and collective value judgements. Four key aspects of water values including flood safety, as well as economic, social and environmental values, are studied, and their interrelationships are discussed. Morphological analyses and value assessments are conducted to explore in what sense spatial changes can be considered an expression of the changing values and what we can learn from it to deal with complex spatial situations. The empirical studies are based on the long-term spatial development of Guangzhou as representative of a historical and rapidly growing delta city in China. Three development stages are illustrated to show different patterns of water-city interactions, the waterways city (before the 1920s) that was mainly structured by natural forces including natural waterways, the functional city (1920s-1970s) that was managed in a highly centralised approach such as functional zoning and large-scale flood defence, and the pluralistic city (after the 1970s) with the tendency towards accommodating plural values of water such as environmental sustainability, social equity and cultural identity. Based on value theory and the empirical studies of Guangzhou, three main characteristics of value transitions can be suggested. First, values change through time in response to the changing conditions of natural dynamics, societal needs, and emerging risks. It is important to recognise the process of transition and its underlying forces to enable a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that influence the spatial development and policy-making. Second, value conflicts act as a motivating force for changes in both spatial and social dimensions. Understanding the interrelations between values, either synergic or conflicting, is important to evaluate spatial policies and define future development orientations. Third, the persistence of traditional values within a society over time indicates the core cultures and common interests intrinsic to each society with an adaptive capacity to cope with changing contexts.

Ecological urbanism in East Asia: A comparative assessment of two eco-cities in Japan and China

The growth of projects translating the concept of eco-city into practices has accelerated during the last fifteen years, making the eco-city a global phenomenon. Asia in particular has witnessed notable developments, characterized by strong governmental intervention and national initiatives to create model eco-cities. In Japan, the central government launched an “Eco-Model Cities” program in 2008 and has designated twenty-three model cities. In China, hundreds of municipalities have pursued plans to become an eco- or low-carbon city following the government’s demonstration projects. Across East Asia, the eco-city is promoted as an innovative urban policy capable of advancing the agendas of sustainable urbanization and the realignment of the post-industrial urban economy.This paper compares the policies and strategies of developing eco-cities in Japan and China using Kitakyushu and Tianjin Eco-city as case studies. It examines these cities’ common and contrasting approaches to ecological urbanism, their respective technological and urban design strategies, the relationship between eco-city building and local economic development, and the roles played by different stakeholders in this effort. The research focuses on their Key Performance Indicator systems and the spatial qualities they anticipate, which reflect fundamentally different ideas about what societal role an eco-city should best play. The comparative method sheds light on debates around important aspects of planning and managing an eco-city––namely, between new town and retrofit development, between top-down directive and bottom-up force, and between the eco-city as technology and as culture. This paper thus offers critical insight into the changing notions of urbanity within Asian society.

OPEN SOURCE IN URBAN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE: EXPERIENCES AND GUIDELINES FROM TRADITIONAL CULTURES, PARTICIPATORY PROCESSES AND COMPUTER SCIENCE

Open Source (OS) philosophy can cause important effects both in the design processes and in the professional role of designers. It started as a computer science phenomenon and has rapidly spread to other fields, such as architecture and urban planning. However, there are few studies reflecting about its impact, and there are not guidelines for managing its possible consequences. This article offers some insights considering three main sources: (1) current OS experiences in architecture and urban planning, (2) past traditional and participatory design strategies, and (3) works in computer science about OS. These three topics are conceptually linked using as an index some OS attributes expressed in the OS initiative definition. With that background, guidelines are finally proposed. The article demonstrates that current OS initiatives in architecture and urbanism have many similarities with past design processes and recent computer science experiences. Both subjects can be used as precedents in order to adequately incorporate and adapt OS thinking, a revolution that, depending on the managing skills, could improve the quality of the design and the designer's profession, or provoke a crisis in the current professional model.

The Application of Data Envelopment Analysis for Transportation Planning based on the Viewpoint of Economic Efficiency

There has been an ever increasing interest in the urban planning techniques, stimulated by the possibility that design strategies associated with the built environment be used well to control, manage, and shape individual behavior and socio-economic activity in cities. The numerous available evidence suggests that a combination of urban design strategies and Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) will help encourage our communities more livable, sustainable, and promoting the quality of our urban life. Therefore, the development of appropriate design techniques of TOD has become increasingly important as the TOD planning mode applied in the urban built environment. This study will try to integrate and classify the category of smart growth principles based on literature review. Followed by Fuzzy Delphi Technique (FDT) for obtaining expert’s opinions and screen the most important criteria of guiding principles. And then the empirical study of Taipei Metro Transit System will be demonstrated to show the application of our proposed methodology as well as framework. Finally, the adoption of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model which combined with assurance region analysis will be applied to measure and select the most suitable MRT stations of Taipei Metro Transit System.

Microclimatic Conditions of an Urban Square: Role of built environment and geometry

Geometry plays a dominant role in thermal situations within city structures. This study aims to seek how this role affects thermal comfort of the visitors in an urban square. Computer simulations were performed along with physical measurements in an urban square during peak hot conditions of summer in Isfahan, Iran. In addition to the influence of built environment inside the square, the results confirmed the role of geometry on thermal conditions. The amelioration effect for the aspect ratio was higher than that of the orientation. Findings are useful for urban design strategies dealing with thermal comfort.Keywords: Thermal comfort; urban square; geometry; built environment eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning &amp; Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Mixed use and diversity as a New Urbanism principle guiding the renewal of post-industrial districts

Abstract The revival of post-industrial areas, understood as a factor determining contemporary urban development, is a key process in regeneration. Such areas attract strategic renewal projects, because despite their perfect location next to city centres, they have long been inaccessible to city residents. The backbone of the projects is provided by programmes laying out the future functions of such areas and their target users. In the past, mono-functional districts were popular but their numerous weaknesses have meant that mixed use and diversity are increasingly being introduced into urban areas today. Mixed use and diversity underlie the urban design movement known as the New Urbanism. This article assesses the role of mixed-use and diversity as the New Urbanism principle guiding the renewal of post-industrial areas. It is based on desk research and a comparative analysis of two case studies: the Paris Rive Gauche (France) and the New Centre of Lodz (Poland). The article concludes that regeneration based on the New Urbanism principle of functional and user diversity leads to an effective renewal of run-down urban areas. The applicability of other New Urbanism principles stressing the need to ensure harmony between an urban design strategy and the human scale in the revival of urban neighbourhoods is also worth considering in the long term.

Urbanity as a project of modernization. Urban design and progressive housing strategies in Lima, 1954-1984

De par les rencontres du formel et de l’informel dans la ville, la culture architecturale péruvienne a pavé la voie à une modernité appropriée, à un nouveau paradigme de développement qui n’attend que de se voir matérialiser par de nouveaux urbanismes et architectures publics en ce siècle nouveau. Dans l’architecture du logement de masse en particulier, ces rencontres mettent en évidence les idéaux et conflits sociaux, politiques et économiques de la population, tout en les intégrant dans l’espace de la sociabilité, dans le territoire et dans la culture matérielle. Le présent article étudie le processus de modernisation du logement à Lima, processus où deux mondes, en apparence opposés, ont fusionné par l’entremise de l’architecture pour créer une urbanité nouvelle. Les idées présentées dans cette recherche révèlent que cette modernité péruvienne relève de la rencontre entre, d’une part, une organisation spatiale rationnellement systématisée, et, d’autre part, une architecture spontanément squattée et autoconstruite. L’article retrace l’émergence de la ville informelle et de l’auto-assistance, ainsi que leur prise en compte au sein de la discipline. Ce faisant, l’article réévalue cette rencontre unique des processus bottom-up (ascendants, ou par le bas ) et top-down (descendants, ou par le haut ), et montre comment l’architecture construit l’urbanité et, par cela, fournit le contexte physique apte à favoriser l’émancipation sociale. Le texte mobilise et illustre cinq stratégies d’architecture et de fabrication de la ville par des projets de logement qui ont forgé l’image du « Lima moderne ». Ces idées ont produit des quartiers qui promeuvent un développement urbain incrémental avec des ressources limitées, et représentent également les formes d’urbanisation les plus réussies quant à leur capacité de renouer le lien entre ville formelle et informelle, tout en encourageant les rencontres sociales et urbaines.

Changing Values on Water in Delta Cities

Delta cities worldwide are confronted with great challenges concerning flood risks, environmental pressures and other water-related urban issues. The complexity in both physical and social dimensions lies in diverse (and in many cases conflicting) values held by a wide variety of actors in spatial development. These values are shaped by the long-term impacts of natural forces, political powers, development ideologies, economic models, social structures, and local cultures. Defining the central role of “water” in structuring delta cities, this research applies the value concept as a particular lens to study how water is valued in each society through history. It argues that the recognition of diverse water values can help bridge the interplay between physical and societal systems within the delta, which can play a central role in developing urban planning and design strategies towards sustainable and liveable urban water environments. The thesis develops an empirically tested analytical framework which links value theory with planning and design practices to investigate context-specific spatial transformations as a result of individual and collective value judgements. Four key aspects of water values including flood safety, as well as economic, social and environmental values, are studied, and their interrelationships are discussed. Morphological analyses and value assessments are conducted to explore in what sense spatial changes can be considered an expression of the changing values and what we can learn from it to deal with complex spatial situations. The empirical studies are based on the long-term spatial development of Guangzhou as representative of a historical and rapidly growing delta city in China. Three development stages are illustrated to show different patterns of water-city interactions, the waterways city (before the 1920s) that was mainly structured by natural forces including natural waterways, the functional city (1920s-1970s) that was managed in a highly centralised approach such as functional zoning and large-scale flood defence, and the pluralistic city (after the 1970s) with the tendency towards accommodating plural values of water such as environmental sustainability, social equity and cultural identity. Based on value theory and the empirical studies of Guangzhou, three main characteristics of value transitions can be suggested. First, values change through time in response to the changing conditions of natural dynamics, societal needs, and emerging risks. It is important to recognise the process of transition and its underlying forces to enable a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that influence the spatial development and policy-making. Second, value conflicts act as a motivating force for changes in both spatial and social dimensions. Understanding the interrelations between values, either synergic or conflicting, is important to evaluate spatial policies and define future development orientations. Third, the persistence of traditional values within a society over time indicates the core cultures and common interests intrinsic to each society with an adaptive capacity to cope with changing contexts.

Los retazos urbanos de Valparaíso: Reinterpretación del ocio como práctica urbana

Public spaces have triggered heated debates within the Chilean public and academia, regarding adequate urban design strategies, policies and visions for such areas, creating a tension among the capacity for integrating environmental, human scale and local relevance concepts into the range of projections. The issue is discussed and developed using architectural observations in the hills of Valparaiso, particularly those that we have identified as potential public spaces –informal areas for recreation and leisure which have gone unnoticed so far. Finally, this contribution presents a proposal to create a new legibility of Valparaiso’s vertical plot and its ‘urban patches’ as a way of consolidating the urban fabric growing between its hills, ravines and remnants.

The urban regeneration of west bay, business district of Doha (state of Qatar)

The State of Qatar is facing the construction of an advanced public railway transport system However researchers argue that the integration of transit stations in existing urban villages can led to a decline in quality of life and cause a loss of local culture and identity in the built environment The aim of this research study is to investigate the impact of the transit station of West Bay business district of Doha on the quality of life and or liveability of the inhabitants The findings will contribute to determine urban design strategies for enhancing quality of life of the district