Ural Federal District Research Articles

Proceedings of the Congress of obstetricians-gynecologists, neonatologists, anesthesiologists-resuscitators, prenatal diagnostics and fetal surgery services of the Ural Federal District “Family health — national vector of the state”

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Potential and investment attractiveness of improved forestry projects under increasing climatic challenges

The aim is to justify the potential and provide an assessment of the effectiveness of investing in forest climate projects for improved forestry.A systematic approach was used for a comprehensive, structured and dynamic study of the potential of project activities (forest‐climatic projects) to improve forest productivity. The investment efficiency of forest‐climatic projects on improved forestry is determined taking into account the life cycle of project solutions. To conduct an express assessment of investment attractiveness of forest‐climatic projects, the coefficient characterizing the efficiency of investment for the produce of carbon units was used.It has been revealed that the regions of the Northwestern, Ural and Siberian Federal Districts have the greatest potential of areas of plots (over 2 million ha) for the realization of forest‐climatic projects on improved forestry. It has been shown that for the implementation of forest‐climatic projects on improved forestry in the conditions of the Central forest‐steppe per 1 ha investments of up to 100 thousand rubles are required. For climatic projects on improved forestry, the minimum investment per unit area will be from 97–111 thousand rubles per 1 ha, taking into account the life cycle of the project.The actual practice‐oriented task in the field of forestry has been solved. It consisted in substantiating the investment attractiveness of natural solutions aimed at increasing the carbon depositing functions of forest ecosystems. Calculated potential of areas for the implementation of forest‐climatic projects on improved forestry is an important tool for territorial planning and ensuring sustainable development of regional systems.

Main stream and scientific innovations in the field of obstetric services in the Ural Federal District

The article provides analytical data on the results of the obstetrics and childhood service of the Ural Federal District in 2023, analyzes the key indicators of the service over the past five years and provides directions for optimizing the work of the service. In the sphere of implementation of national projects “Healthcare” and “Demography”, applied scientific research and development of the “Ural Research Institute of Maternity and Child Care” of the Russian Ministry of Health makes a significant contribution to the development of medicine by improving methods of prediction, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of perinatal pathology, development of assisted reproductive technologies, which will improve the work of obstetrics and childhood services.

Результаты реализации регионального проекта Свердловской области по скринингу и ранней диагностике онкоурологических заболеваний у мужчин (на примере рака предстательной железы).

Background. The incidence rate of oncourological diseases in the male population of Russia (including prostate cancer, PC) tends to increase. Programs aimed on the screening, early detection and on-time treatment can help to increase the cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate in the group of patients. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the results of the Sverdlovsk Oblast (SO) (Ural Federal District, Russia) Project on screening, early detection and on-time treatment of oncourological diseases (based on PC as an example) in 2005–2022. Materials and methods. This study included a review of legal documents regulating the organization of population screening and early detection of oncourological diseases (including PC) in SO. Then we systematized the outcomes of the Project in SO, including the results of screening and early detection of PC in male population, and estimation of CSS rates in patients living in the administrative districts (AD) of SO and receiving an additional medical care within the framework of the Project. Results. In 2005–2022 about 196 thousand men were assigned to the risk group for PC; every fourth man at risk group (48.7 thousand men) was additionally examined in Express Diagnostic Urological Office (EDUO) deployed in medical organizations of the 2nd (intermunicipal) level. Medical staff has detected in a timely manner about 18.5 thousand new cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, 9.2 thousand new cases of inflammatory diseases of the urinary and genital systems, as well as 2.2 thousand new cases of oncourological diseases (including more than 1.4 thousand new cases of PC). The hazard ratio (HR) of PC death in the group of men who received additional examination under the Project was 2–3 times lower, taking into account the stage of the disease and age. Findings. The results of the Project can be used in planning regional programs for screening, early detection and on-time treatment of cancer (including PC in men).

Потенциальный биоклиматический ареал Ephedra distachya L.

The paper presents modern data on the distribution of Ephedra distachya L. an attempt was made to model the bioclimatic range of the species using the maximum entropy method and compare the obtained data with the range defined in the report «Flora of the USSR», taking into account additions from the monographs «Flora of the European Part of the USSR» and «Geography of Trees plants of the USSR». MaxEnt modeling of the potential range of E. distachya was carried out on the basis of the herbarium collections of Saratov State University (SARAT), the GBIF database and the Plantarium electronic atlas. A total of 6973 species location points were used. In accordance with the obtained bioclimatic model, in the modern climate the most favorable conditions for the existence of the species are on the coasts of the Black, Azov, Marmara, Mediterranean and Caspian Seas, in the territories of the former AzSSR, Ukrainian SSR and Georgian SSR. In the RSFSR (modern Russian Federation), the species is optimally located in the Volga, North Caucasus and Southern federal districts. A sharp narrowing of the potential range is observed in the Ural and Central Federal Districts of the Russian Federation, as well as in the territories of the former TurSSR and KazSSR. The accuracy of the model is confirmed by the high AUC (Area Under Curve) score, which is 0.933 for training data and 0.930 for test data. Climatic parameters have been established that influence the distribution of the species, in which its existence is optimal. The greatest contribution to the construction of the model after permutation was made by isothermality (32%), average annual temperature (23.1%), average monthly daily temperature amplitude (12.4%), as well as the maximum temperature of the warmest month (11.6%). A correlation analysis of the parameters that made the greatest contribution after permutation was carried out. When estimating the error using the jackknife method, a variable (average annual temperature) was obtained that contains the most information that is not in other variables; the exclusion of this variable leads to deterioration of the model.

ЦИФРОВЫЕ СРЕДСТВА КОММУНИКАЦИИ В УНИВЕРСИТЕТСКОМ ПРОФСОЮЗЕ ЦИФРОВЫЕ СРЕДСТВА КОММУНИКАЦИИ В УНИВЕРСИТЕТСКОМ ПРОФСОЮЗЕ

The digital transformation of society and higher education affects university trade unions today, especially the sphere of communicative interaction between members of a trade union organization. The introduction of digital communication and information exchange tools has become a daily practice of modern university trade unions. However, representatives of the university trade union have different attitudes towards the use of digital communication tools, perceive their risks, and have different preferences in choosing certain communication tools. The purpose of the article is to identify the attitude of university trade union members to digital communication methods and their impact on various aspects of the life of university trade unions. A study conducted in 2023 in a number of universities in the Ural Federal District showed that members of university trade unions are generally ready to use digitalization tools to intensify communication and quickly achieve their goals. However, the trade union community is clearly aware of the risks of digital communication, including digital exclusion, increased information noise and reduced cohesion.

Study of integration processes in the pharmaceutical market in the context of the development of territorial pharmaceutical ecosystems

Introduction. The ecosystem approach to the organization of business processes in the pharmaceutical market meets the prevailing trends, so the growth index of e-commerce in the retail sector of medicines for 5 years amounted to 1.87. The market distribution sector of medicines in the Russian Federation is characterized by a shift in corporate governance towards marketing cooperation based on aggregation electronic trading platforms (AETPS). Development of territorial pharmaceutical ecosystems (TFE) As a new integrative tool for managing the pharmaceutical development – production – distribution cycle, in order to achieve the target model of PHARMA 2030 at the territorial level, it requires the development of regulatory mechanisms for managing the supply of medicines. Objective: characteristics of integration processes in the industrial, wholesale and retail sectors of the pharmaceutical market to assess the potential competitiveness of territorial pharmaceutical ecosystems. Material and methods. The primary data for the analysis were: volumes of wholesale commodity residues of medicines produced in the Ural Federal District (461 registration certificates; proprietary Price and Distribution Test data for 230 trade names of LP EMIS data 2021–2022; Alpharm data 2021–2022; Datainsight 2022. In the course of the study, a structural analysis of the pharmaceutical market, a functional analysis of participants in the pharmaceutical product chain, and a marketing analysis were carried out. Results. It was found that the dynamics of the AETP segment development corresponds to the outstripping growth of highly integrated platforms: the short-term growth index of 5-pl AETP (Uteca) is 164%, 4-pl (Eapteca) is 55%, 3pl-AETP (averaged) is 36.5%. The absence of formal mechanisms of regional protectionism for the sale of finished dosage forms of local manufacturers in the Ural Federal District has been revealed. We have obtained the results of evaluating the effect of ecosystem integration of certain types of pharmaceutical market participants. For manufacturers of medicinal products, it was determined that the median coefficient of penetration of the local assortment of medicinal products into the pharmaceutical market in the context of ATX groups of level 2 is 0.67, which indicates a significant diversification of the assortment portfolio and the possibility of its aggregation without a barrier of internal competition. In the wholesale drugs sector, the potential for saving margins on medicines has been identified when implementing the scenario of localization of supplies in production regions in low and medium-low price ranges (30 – 550 rubles/unit), varying between 53–67%. It was found that the median share of regional distribution in the Ural Federal District (in packages) is 20.72%. It has been established that the Ural Federal District is one of the leaders in terms of the share of omnichannel consumers in the pharmaceutical market (63%), which is a significant incentive for the integration of organizations in the retail sector of the pharmaceutical market into the ecosystem 5pl platform. Conclusion. Situational analysis of the morphology of cooperative interactions in the pharmaceutical market allowed us to identify the prerequisites for the formation of ecosystem-organized management structures in the pharmaceutical market system – territorial pharmaceutical ecosystems. We have systematized incentives for ecosystem determination of medicines supplies, and found that: an additional channel for the market distribution of the industrial range of medicicnes in the Urals is not associated with a barrier to internal competition of pharmaceutical plants; the inclusion of regional suppliers in TFE will allow to form additional competitiveness in the “buyer's market” in conditions of market dominance of federal suppliers; the omnichannel approach to the distribution of the retail range of TFE in pharmacy organizations has a high projected conversion rate. A detailed assessment of integration processes in certain sectors of the pharmaceutical market did not reveal critical barriers to the introduction of TFE.

Уровни цифрового неравенства: особенности проявления в Уральском федеральном округе

Introduction. Access to information, digital products and services contributes to reducing barriers in individual’s interaction with state, organizations, and other individuals, also providing opportunities for human development. The author assesses the digital inequality level of the constituent entities of the Ural Federal District.Materials and methods. Theoretically, the research is based on the concept of three levels of digital inequality, according to which inequality can be manifested at the level of access to Internet and information and communication technologies; at the level of the users’ digital skills and competencies; at the level of benefits obtained from the use of digital technologies and impacting individual life chances. The materials used are: statistical data of the Russian information society development monitoring, research on the digital literacy of the Russian population, conducted by the Analytical Center of the National Agency for Financial Research, the Russian Association of Electronic Communications, the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation and the National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, as well as the results of an expert survey conducted by the author in 2023 with state civil servants of the Sverdlovsk region and employees of “Electronic government operator”, the state budgetary institution of the Sverdlovsk region.Results. The article reveals the specific features of digital inequality of the entities of the Ural Federal District. The geographical features of the region paradoxically affects the digital inequality level. The more compactly located territories of the Sverdlovsk, Tyumen and Chelyabinsk regions provide for the appropriate infrastructure with better broadband Internet access. A social consequence of low Internet access in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is, in part, that not all medical organizations can be connected to the Integrated National Health Information System. In addition, there is no direct correlation between Internet access and digital skills development. On the contrary, remoteness and inaccessibility of territories act as drivers for the development of digital competencies of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Yugra residents, who are more efficient in using digital technologies in e-commerce and public services.Discussions and conclusions. “Bridging the Digital Divide” federal program implementation will increase the information infrastructure availability. Conscious and focused effort is required to improve digital literacy and cyber hygiene of the population.

EXPRESS ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE REGION AS A TOOL FOR OPERATIONAL FORECASTING OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE POPULATION

The issue of improving the quality of life of the population of Russian regions is relevant for a number of reasons: the need to achieve a decent standard of living of the population, comparable to the level of developed countries and leading regions of the Russian Federation; taking into account the peculiarities of regional development; objective restrictions in people’s lives caused by crisis development factors, including epidemic waves, sanctions pressure from unfriendly countries, etc. For operational management influence, a tool is needed that would ensure constant monitoring of the quality of life of the population, the level and dynamics of its changes. However, today, existing methods for assessing the quality of life are a labor-­intensive and time-consuming scientific task with a large number of indicators. The purpose of this study is to substantiate environmental and economic security as a predictor of the quality of life of the population of the region and to develop an express method for assessing the level of its provision. In the work, the authors used such methods as analysis and synthesis of scientific information, an index method for assessing the key components of the environmental and economic security of the region based on subindices. The results of the study substantiate the essence of the ecological and economic security of the region as a predictor of the quality of life of the population, which is the ability of the regional ecological and economic system to maintain its current state and the possibility of development under the influence of external or internal influences, including man-made ones, and also to function without changing its own structure and be in balance to ensure the normal functioning of the population of the region. Based on the index method for assessing the key components of the region’s environmental and economic security, the values for three subindices (sustainability, stability and technogenicity) were determined, as well as the integral index of environmental and economic security of the regions of the Ural Federal District, which were divided into two groups for correct comparison, from 2017 to 2021, the leading regions were identified (Yamalo-­Nenets Autonomous Okrug, II (2021) = 0.743; Kurgan region, II (2021) = 0.508) and outsider regions (Khanty-­Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug — ​Yugra, II (2021) = 0.475; Sverdlovsk Region, II (2021) = 0.391).

Analysis of Pneumonia Incidence in the Working-Age Population of the Ural Federal District

Analysis of Pneumonia Incidence in the Working-Age Population of the Ural Federal District

Etiology of Enteroviral Meningitis in Ekaterinburg Before and the After Pandemic of COVID‑19

Introduction. The incidence of enterovirus meningitis in Ekaterinburg has long exceeded the average in Russia. As a result of sanitary, anti-epidemic and restrictive measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a decrease in morbidity, which led to a reduction in the circulation of non-polio enteroviruses and created risks after lifting of restrictions.The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of non-polio enteroviruses isolated in Ekaterinburg from patients with enterovirus before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and methods. Genotyping positive samples by sequencing VP1 gene (cerebrospinal fluid, nasopharyngeal, faeces) from patients with aseptic meningitis was performed using the BLAST service. Multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis were performed using the MEGA software.Results. In 2022, after lifting restrictive measures, the incidence of enteroviruses in Ekaterinburg increased 10 times compared to the previous year (3,390 per 100 thousand inhabitants), but remained 6.5 times lower than the long-term average (22,035 per 100 thousand population). 7 types of non-polio enteroviruses were detected: 2 species A (Coxsackievirus A4, Enterovirus A71) and 5 species B (Coxsackievirus A9 and B2, Echovirus 6, 7, 9). Coxsackievirus A9 dominated, followed by Echovirus 6.Discussion. In 2022, Coxsackievirus A9 prevailed as the predominant type in enterovirus, was not epidemiologically significant and was rarely found in the cerebrospinal fluid samples. Echovirus 6, the second most frequently detected, was characteristic of the Ural Federal District. The remaining viruses (Coxsackievirus A4 and B2, Echovirus 7 and 9, Enterovirus A71) were also detected in patients with enterovirus before the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusion. After the cancellation of prophylactic measures after the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of enteroviruses in Ekaterinburg during 2022 increased due to the restoration of circulation of non-polio enteroviruses.

Food retail in rural areas: Choosing the optimal format

Tightening competition among food retailers stimulates them to develop new formats of stores for urban spaces, which also can be economically efficient in rural areas. Appearance of a new format of stores that excites clientele’s interest and is able to compete with pick-up points and liquor stores may become a key to the domination in the market. The paper examines the prospects of creating an optimal format for food retailers that hold potential for spread in rural areas. Methodologically, the study relies on a systems approach, the cyclical theory of retail, and spatial development theories. The method encompasses three stages: first, holding a comparative analysis of the format structure of food retailers for 2015–2023; second, evaluating the territorial distribution of the two formats of retail chains (hard discounters and convenience stores) using the case of Volga and Ural Federal Districts; third, determining new formats of retail chains outside cities. Based on the analysis of market trends in the development of retail chain stores the paper suggests a conceptual model of the optimal retail format for rural areas with respect to product range, pricing, distribution of sales area, and additional services. The suggestions about the improvements in the model of the retail format for rural areas may spur the retail trade growth and promote the development of trade infrastructure outside urban areas.

The effect of transport parameters on regional economic development: The case of the Ural Federal District

The transport has a special role to play in the regional socioeconomic development, which changes depending on the prevailing trends for population mobility, introduction of advanced technologies, extension of economic connections, and growth in regional production. The study explores the problem of the interface between transport and regional economy on the example of the Ural Federal District. Methodologically, it relies on the theories of spatial development and regional economics. The main method of research is correlation and regression analysis. The evidence is the socioeconomic data on transport as well as values of gross regional product of the Ural Federal District for 2010–2020 sourced from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation. The paper develops a model for forecasting GRP. The analysis indicates the presence of the relationship between the socioeconomic metrics of the transport sector and gross regional product of the Ural Federal District. In particular, there is the correlation between the indicators “density of public roads with hard surface”, “deaths in road accidents per 100,000 population” and gross regional product of the Ural Federal District. The paper concludes about the need to develop a composite indicator for assessing the transport sector that will reflect the ongoing digital modernisation and introduction of innovations.

The level of medical care accessibility in Russia: Regional differentiation

The need to consider economic risks and respond to demographic challenges pushes the issues of creating and maintaining the quality of regions’ human potential, as well as saving population health to the research agenda. The aim of the study is to investigate the resourcing of regional health care systems in Russia in order to determine the level of medical care accessibility. Methodologically, the paper relies on the concepts of systems and regional economics, labour economics. The study applies time series and comparative analyses, as well as index, score-rating methods, composite coefficients calculation. The data is the socioeconomic and health care statistics by federal districts for 2005–2022 taken from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation. The paper finds that regions differ in terms of the level of the medical care accessibility. Reportedly, the Ural Federal District ranked high for the efficiency of regional health care systems in 2021, which, according to the analysis, is due to the developed systems of preventive and emergency care. Conversely, the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts were at the bottom of the ranking because of the deficit of physicians in emergency departments and scarce health care financing. The findings may underlie the development of measures on the improvement of health care resourcing, management, and efficiency both at national and regional levels.

Organizational and managerial context of project-based learning development in higher school

The article is devoted to the study of the organizational and managerial context of the development of project-based learning in Russian universities. The sample of the study is represented by twelve universities of different types (federal, research, reference) Volga, Ural, Siberian and Southern Federal districts. Based on the traditional analysis of official documents posted on the official websites of universities, an assessment of key aspects of university policies in the implementation of project-based student education was carried out, reflecting the development of the organizational infrastructure of the analyzed practice and forming an environment of social interaction between students, teachers, curators, employers and representatives of educational management. The development of assessment tools was based on the methodology of systemic, organizational and managerial, process, situational and temporal approaches. The purpose of the study is to analyze the organizational and managerial context of project–based education in Russian universities. It is established that the institutional practices of implementing project-based learning in the universities under study have different resource capabilities and are implemented along different trajectories that have their own logic. The study recorded that in the information space, and accordingly in the organizational and managerial environment, diversity is represented in determining the goals and effectiveness of project training. The demarcation lines in the existing organizational and managerial models are strategic forks that ensure: the mass or selectivity of project-based education in universities; orientation towards educational and/or product results; integration of project-based learning into the educational process or the implementation of students' project activities beyond their educational activities. The dependence between the organizational design of project training and its resource provision – regulatory, personnel, and information support is revealed. The scale and intensity of managerial innovations associated with the transition of the educational process to project-based learning formats are more typical for universities included in the “Priority-2030” university development program. They determine not only serious institutional and organizational changes, but also the transformation of social interaction practices in higher education.

Методика оценки экономического ущерба подземным водам при эксплуатации гидротехнических сооружений

Introduction. The problem is that currently there are no standard indicators for the degree of groundwater contamination. As a rule, standard indicators for surface waters are taken as a criterion for assessing their pollution. However, as is known, the underground hydrosphere is a separate environment, and groundwater is a separate component of the environment. In addition, groundwater is a strategic reserve of clean fresh water for the population of the Russian Federation. Therefore, it is clear that the regulation of maximum permissible harmful effects on groundwater and maximum permissible discharges of harmful substances into groundwater bodies is currently extremely necessary. Due to the fact that there are no standard indicators, there is no economic regulation of the negative impact of economic activities on groundwater. And this impact is very significant. This has been proven by numerous long-term monitoring studies of the underground hydrosphere, which is under the influence, for example, of mining enterprises in the Urals Federal District. Materials and methods. This work uses hydrogeological (deposit groundwater regime and balance monitoring), geochemical, and geo-ecological (groundwater quality and pollution monitoring) research methods, as well as observation and statistical and cartographic data processing methods. The research is based on a large amount of accumulated data and signature fieldwork. Results and discussion. As is known, in 1998, Guidelines were developed for the development of standards for maximum permissible harmful effects on groundwater bodies and maximum permissible discharges of harmful substances into groundwater bodies. However, this technique did not find its application, either because of its imperfection, or because it was believed that groundwater is sufficiently protected from negative technogenic and anthropogenic influences, in comparison with other components of the environment and, therefore, is not regulated need. Now it is obvious that groundwater, just like other components (atmospheric air, soil, surface water) experience intense negative impact from human economic activity and they require their own standards and, of course, economic regulation of such impact. The authors of this article have significantly improved the methodology for developing standards for maximum permissible harmful effects (MPH) on groundwater bodies and maximum permissible discharges of harmful substances (MPD) into groundwater bodies. This method has been patented and on its basis, the article presents a new method for calculating economic damage to groundwater, developed and tested on the basis of our own research on two unique largest technogenic-mineral formations in the Middle and Southern Urals. Conclusion. The hydrodynamic method for calculating groundwater pollution and normatively permissible discharge underlies the methodology for assessing natural damage to groundwater from pollutants of technogenic-mineral formations. The methodology for assessing economic damage to the underground hydrosphere from sources of surface pollution is based on calculating fees for the discharge of pollutants within the limit and above the limit. Resume. Technogenic mineral formations intensively affect groundwater, which is an important resource in human life in the present and especially in the future. Therefore, their uncontrolled pollution is unacceptable, which predetermines the development of a methodology for assessing damage to groundwater. Suggestions for practical applications and directions for future research. The application of a methodology for assessing economic damage to groundwater during the operation of hydraulic structures initiates the development of effective measures for higher and more comprehensive extraction of minerals, treatment of industrial wastewater, and more careful design and construction of hydraulic structures.

Уральский федеральный округ: территории и политическая культура государственных гражданских и муниципальных служащих

The article studies the political culture of state civil and municipal employees of a specific territory of the Russian Federation – the Ural Federal District. The purpose of the study is to identify UrFO territories with the most developed political culture among state civil and municipal employees. The author maintains a well-known statement about the interrelation of factors influencing political culture – it is economic and educational. To these factors, they added – and also scientific, because today in the information society, science largely determines the development of the economy. In the course of the study, the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions were the most successful in terms of all factors. The exceptions are the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, which have the highest standard of living, wages and excellent supplies due to the development of oil and gas production, but the level of education and science development lags behind.

Социально-экономическая устойчивость муниципалитетов: методика и опыт исследования

Introduction. The issue of socio-economic sustainability of territories has been studied in depth in the scientific literature. This concerns both the concept of socio-economic sustainability itself and its application to the analysis of regional and municipal development. Various aspects of socio-economic sustainability are also addressed in a significant number of territorial ratings currently available on the information market and published by both government agencies and non-governmental structures – analytical centers, rating agencies (RA), and mass media. Most of these information and analytical products relate to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. A striking example is the rating of regions for the implementation of the federal project “Formation of a Comfortable Urban Environment” from the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation. This series also includes the rating of the quality of life in the regions from the Agency for Strategic Initiatives (ASI), the rating of the socio-economic sustainability of regions from the Civil Society Development Fund, the rating of the socio-economic development of regions from RIA Novosti, the rating of the investment attractiveness of regions from RA Expert, and a number of others. A significantly smaller number of such products relate to the municipal level. And this is a big problem of practical and scientific nature, which, in the author's opinion, can be overcome by the developed assessment of the socio-economic sustainability of Russian municipalities.Materials and methods. The presented study used indicators of socio-economic and electoral statistics of municipalities relating to 2022-2023. The main source is Rosstat data. In addition, information contained on the official websites or in the official publications of regional and municipal authorities was used. The work used universal methods of scientific knowledge: analysis, synthesis, generalization.Results. The result of the study was regional ratings of the socio-economic sustainability of municipalities in five subjects of the Russian Federation within the Ural Federal District: Sverdlovsk, Tyumen and Chelyabinsk regions, Khanty-Mansiysk – Yugra and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs.

Consolidated budgets of the Ural Federal District regions: Comparative assessment and development trends

Subject. This article discusses the issues of budget reform and changes in the regional budgets of the subjects of the Ural Federal District. Objectives. The article aims to assess changes in the regional budgets of the subjects of the Ural Federal District for the period from 2000 to 2022. Methods. For the study, we used a statistical analysis. Results. The article finds that the percentage of the Ural Federal District regions in the total revenues of the consolidated budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation gets decreasing, while a significant increase in the percentage of non-repayable receipts is recorded in the revenue part of the budgets under study. Conclusions. It is necessary to develop measures to improve the independence of regional budgets, especially in the context of constant external and internal economic changes. This requires adjusting the budget strategy of the Russian Federation in order to ensure the stable financial development of territorial systems.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ МАЛОГО И СРЕДНЕГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА В СУБЪЕКТАХ УРАЛЬСКОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА

Each region has a unique socio-economic and political potential that creates conditions for the development of entrepreneurial activity and business in general. There is a theoretical and practical interest in how much the structure and dynamics of regional development are changing in conditions of tightening and instability of the domestic and world market. The purpose of the article is to study the development of entrepreneurial activity in the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises (hereinafter – SMEs) in the new economic conditions at the level of constituent entities of the Ural Federal District (hereinafter – Ural Federal District). To solve the problems, general scientific research methods were used, including analysis, generalization, synthesis and systematization. The basis for the study was official statistics published by the Federal State Statistics Service, the Unified Register of SMEs, the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System, the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion and other sources, as well as sociological studies and scientific publications on the peculiarities of entrepreneurship development in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation at the country and regional levels. The results of the study indicate a low intensity of the emergence of new enterprises in the Ural Region; the majority of SMEs are characterized by a negative trend and worsening demographics. Among the barriers holding back business development are the bureaucratization of the process of obtaining government assistance, taxes, high interest rates on commercial loans, as well as low expectations of the prospects for the development of their business. Recommendations are presented for stabilizing the situation of running small businesses in the new economic conditions in the subjects of the Ural Federal District. The findings will be useful to researchers in the field of management and regulation of regional development.