Uptake Of Major Nutrients Research Articles

Stress Management Practices in Rainfed Sorghum (K12) on Yield, Economics and Plant Nutrient Uptake Through Foliar Plant Nutrition Under Typical Vertisols (Typic chromusterts) of Semiarid Region

ABSTRACT Foliar fertilization has great potential to give higher yields under intensive cropping system and in enhancing the crop tolerance to drought conditions. Different responses of yield to foliar fertilization are probably associated with incorrect timing of application, use of inappropriate fertilizer and lack of concern of soil available nutrients and environmental conditions. Though soil application of nutrients cannot be replaced totally with foliar fertilization, but under various situations like rainfed condition, foliar nutrition can play very important role in enhancing crop yield and nutrient use efficiency. Focusing on this, a field experiment was conducted in the Agricultural Research Station, Kovilpatti, under rainfed situation from 2017 to ‘20 to evaluate the response of foliar application of plant nutrients sprayed during moisture stress condition and to improve the growth and yield of sorghum under rainfed condition. This experiment was laid out in split plot design with replicated thrice and the treatments consisted of main plots: M1 – foliar spray during dry spell, M2 – foliar spray after relieving of stress/dry spell (with favorable soil moisture) and subplots: S1 – urea@1%, S2 – urea@2%, S3 – water soluble complex fertilizer (19:19:19)@0.5%, S4 – water soluble complex fertilizer (19:19:19)@0.5% + recommended dose of micronutrient for foliar spray (to be decided based on soil test: zinc, boron, iron, manganese, etc.), S5 – ZnSO4@0.5%, S6 – water spray, S7 – control (no spray of any material/water) under rainfed vertisols of semiarid region. The obtained results showed that the application of water soluble complex fertilizer (19:19:19)@0.5% sprayed during the dry spell significantly increased the plant height, earhead length and grain test weight. This attributes resulted in higher grain yield (1448 kg ha−1), stover yield (2288 kg ha−1), net returns (Rs. 8748 ha−1), B:C (1.16) and rainwater use efficiency (3.85 kg ha−1-mm) when compared to other practices in rainfed sorghum. There is a gradual increase in total major plant nutrient uptake, viz. nitrogen (22.3 kg ha−1), phosphorus (4.56 kg ha−1) and potassium uptake (26.0 kg ha−1) with the foliar application of water soluble complex fertilizer (19:19:19)@0.5% applied during the dry spell condition (S3) during drought stress condition (M1). Foliar application of nutrients along with soil application has several advantages in supplementing the nutritional requirements of crops such as rapid and efficient response by the plants, less product needed and independence of soil conditions. Foliar nutrition designed to eliminate the problems like fixation and immobilization of nutrients. Hence, foliar nutrition is recognized as an important method of fertilization during the dry spell under rainfed condition in modern agriculture.

Effect of Fish Bone Meal on Major Nutrients Uptake in Tomato

A pot culture experiment was carried out to study the effect of fish bone meal application on uptake of major nutrients by tomato crop during the rabi season. Application of the mineral fertilizer (DAP) with raw and acidulated fish bone meal (RFBM and AFBM) at different levels were imposed and the nutrient content and uptakes of major nutrients by tomato plant and fruits were recorded. 187.5 kg P2O5 as DAP + 62.5 kg P2O5 as AFBM recorded significantly higher NPK uptake which led to enhancement in biomass of tomato crop.

Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) to Nitrogen Levels, Conventional and Enriched Organic Manures on Yield and Major Nutrient Uptake in a Vertisol

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2015-16 at Mulmuthla village of Dharwad taluk in Dharwad district, Karnataka, India. Research conducted to study the effect of enriched FYM and vermicompost and nitrogen levels on yield and majornutrient uptake of maize (Zea mays L.) in a Vertisol. The split plot design with four replication and twelve treatment combinations. Application of nitrogen at 200 kg ha-1+ Zn+Fe enriched vermicompost at 2.5 t ha-1 was found superior in terms of grain yield (79.93 q ha-1), stover yield (88.77 q ha-1) and test weight (100 seeds) (39.67 g) over other treatments. Similarly, the highest NPK uptake (232.33, 48.73 and 175.59 kg ha-1) was recorded with the application of 200 kg N + Zn+Fe enriched vermicompost at 2.5 t ha-1. So the study of effect of different combinations of nutrients like nitrogen, enriched FYM, FYM, enriched vermicompost, vermicompost and their interactions over yielding ability of maize can help in developing a best source of nutrients for maize yield and uptake.

Combined Effect of Organic Waste and Inorganic Fertilizers in The Environmental on major Nutrient Content and Uptake in Maize Groundnut Cropping Sequence

A field experiment was carried out under field conditions during both kharif and rabi seasons of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 at Field No. 50B of Wetland Farm, S. V. Agricultural College, Tirupati campus (under the judicatory of Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University). Nutrient content and uptake of major nutrients NPK during both the years of study (kharif 2019-2020 and rabi 2020-2021) on maize-groundnut cropping sequence was not significantly affected by the levels of NPK while significantly affected by the application of organic sources. The pooled analysis results also showed similar trend. However, interaction effect was nonsignificant between inorganic and organic sources during both the years.

Influence of Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Sources on the Yield and Uptake of Major Nutrients in Soybean

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different organic sources of nitrogen with inorganic fertilizers on crop yield, yield attributes and uptake of major plant nutrients in the soya bean-maize cropping system. The highest soybean yield of 12.9qt-1 was obtained with the application of 75% of the recommended dose of nitrogen along with 100% recommended dose of phosphorus (P)& and potassium (K) through inorganic fertilizers+25% recommended dose of nitrogen through vermicompost and the lowest values of all the parameters were obtained from the control treatment. The uptake of nitrogen (N), P&K increased with treatments that received integrated use of organic manures in combination with the recommended dose of nutrients.

Enhancing Growth and Yield of Parching Sorghum through Organic Manure Application

Aims: The combination of various sources of organic manures along with liquid organic manures is important to maintain nutrient availability to crop and sustain higher level of soil fertility. The aim is to meet the nutrient demand of parching sorghum as per requirement at different stages through solid and liquid organic manures which can give greater productivity of crops.
 Study Design: The experiment was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design with 9 treatments replicated thrice.
 Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, Vijayapur, during Rabi, 2020-21.
 Methodology: The treatments were T1-Ghanajeevamrutha based on 100% RDN (recommended dose of Nitrogen) as basal dose, T2-Vermicompost based on 100% RDN as basal dose, T3- T1 + foliar application of 10% vermiwash at 20 & 45 DAS (days after sowing), T4- T1 + foliar application of 10% cow urine at 20 & 45 DAS, T5- T1 + foliar application of 25% jeevamrutha at 20 & 45 DAS, T6- T2 + foliar application of 10% vermiwash at 20 & 45 DAS, T7- T2 + foliar application of 10% cow urine at 20 & 45 DAS, T8- T2 + foliar application of 25% jeevamrutha at 20 & 45 DAS and T9- Organic RPP of parching sorghum with SMJ-1 variety of parching sorghum.
 Results: The application of ghanajeevamrutha based on 100 per cent RDN as basal dose + foliar application of 25 per cent jeevamrutha at 20 and 45 days after sowing recorded significantly higher dry matter production (55.86 g plant-1), leaf area index (3.49), raw and roasted grain weight (39.49 g and 51.73 g respectively), raw and roasted grain yield (1063 kg ha-1 and 1505 kg ha-1 respectively) of parching sorghum (hurda) at harvest as compared to other treatments. In addition to improvement in the major plant nutrient uptake were recorded with incorporation of ghanajeevamrutha or vermicompost along with the liquid organic manure.
 Conclusion: The application of ghanajeevamrutha based on 100 per cent RDN as basal dose coupled with foliar application of 25 per cent jeevamrutha at 20 and 45 days after sowing recorded significantly higher growth, yield, quality and plant nutrient uptake by parching sorghum.

Alternate intercropping of cotton and peanut increases productivity by increasing canopy photosynthesis and nutrient uptake under the influence of rhizobacteria

ContextAlternate intercropping of cotton and peanut is an emerging cropping practice that involves the intercropping of two crops in a wide strip, with annual switching of planting positions. The productivity achieved through alternate intercropping, which combines intercropping and rotation, surpasses that of either mode used alone. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the observed increase in crop productivity remain elusive. We put forth the hypothesis that alternate intercropping enhances productivity by promoting canopy photosynthesis and nutrient uptake, facilitated by the influence of rhizosphere bacteria. MethodsA two-year field experiment was conducted employing a randomized block design to investigate the effects of monoculture, traditional intercropping, and alternate intercropping on yield, yield components, canopy photosynthesis, 13C photoassimilate partitioning, uptake of major nutrients, and diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities. ResultsAlternate intercropping increased biological by 9.3% and seed cotton yield by 20.0% compared to monocultures without sacrificing peanut yields. In comparison to traditional intercropping, alternate intercropping also increased seed cotton yield by 3.9%, peanut pod yield by 6.7%, and total productivity by 10.6%. The cotton harvest index in alternate intercropping was similar to that in traditional intercropping but 9.9% higher than in monoculture. However, the peanut harvest index did not differ between alternate intercropping, traditional intercropping, and monoculture. Net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) under alternate intercropping was higher in cotton than that under traditional intercropping and monoculture, and 13C partitioning to reproductive organs in cotton was higher in alternate intercropping than in monoculture, although there was no difference between alternate and traditional intercropping. In peanut, NEE was higher under alternate intercropping than under traditional intercropping at all stages. At peak pod setting, 13C partitioning to reproductive organs was higher under both alternate intercropping and monoculture than under traditional intercropping. Alternate intercropping resulted in a 7.2% increase in cotton nitrogen uptake compared to traditional intercropping, and a 8.8% increase in nitrogen uptake, 10.9% increase in phosphorus uptake, and 8.5% increase in potassium uptake compared to monoculture cotton. Peanut uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium was greater in alternate intercropping than in traditional intercropping and was approximately the same as that in monoculture. Alternate intercropping increased the relative abundances of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Significant correlations were detected between NEE and biological yield, 13C partitioning and harvest index, as well as the relative abundance of PGPR and uptake of major nutrients. ConclusionThe enhanced crop productivity observed in alternate intercropping can be attributed to improved shoot-root coordination, as evidenced by the increased canopy photosynthesis and nutrient uptake associated with altered rhizosphere bacterial communities.

Effects of soil potassium levels on dry matter and nutrient accumulation and distribution in cotton

BackgroundPotassium (K) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. However, plant fertilization ignoring the soil K level is very likely to cause excessive fertilizer use, and further arouse a series of side effects. This study investigated the response of cotton growth to different soil K levels and the uptake of major nutrients, aiming to evaluate the appropriate K supply level for cotton growth. Using a random block design with 6 soil K levels, we conducted 18 micro-zones field experiments over two continuous years. The soil available K concentration of each treatment was K1 (99.77–100.90 mg·kg−1), K2 (110.90–111.26 mg·kg−1), K3 (123.48–128.88 mg·kg−1), K4 (140.13–145.10 mg·kg−1), K5 (154.43–155.38 mg·kg−1), and K6 (165.77–168.75 mg·kg−1). Cotton nutrient contents, soil nutrient contents, accumulation and distribution of dry matter in cotton were determined, and the relationships between K content in soil and plants and dry matter accumulation were analyzed.ResultsThe soil K content had a significantly positive relationship with dry matter and K accumulation in cotton plants. There were significant differences in dry matter accumulation, single-plant seed cotton yield, mineral nutrient uptake and the proportion of K accumulation in reproductive organs among different soil K levels. The results showed that there was significant difference between K4 and lower K level treatments (K1 and K2), but no significant difference between K4 and higher K level treatments (K5 and K6) in dry matter, single-plant seed cotton yield, or accumulation, distribution and seed cotton production efficiency of N, P and K.ConclusionThe soil K level of K4 was able to provide sufficient K for cotton growth in our experiment. Therefore, when the soil K level reached 140.13 mg·kg−1, further increasing the soil K concentration no longer had a significant positive effect on cotton growth.

Effect of Liquid Organic Foliar Spray on Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Rainfed Condition

Aims: Foliar nutrition is aimed to eliminate the problems of fixation and immobilization of nutrients. Hence, foliar nutrition is being recognized as a significant way of fertilizing modern agriculture, especially under rainfed conditions. Liquid organic manures are the concoctions of micro and macronutrients that also contain vitamins, amino acids, growth-promoting substances, and beneficial microbes.
 Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications.
 Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was conducted in medium black soils at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Vijayapur, during Rabi, 2020-21.
 Methodology: There were fifteen treatment combinations, consisting of five organic sources (vermiwash @ 10%, cowurine @ 10%, jeevamrutha @ 25%, bio digester filtrate @ 25% and urea @ 2%) in main plots and three stage of application (pre flowering, pod initiation and pre flowering + pod initiation) in sub plots for JG-11 variety of chickpea.
 Results: Foliar application of jeevamrutha @ 25% both at pre flowering and at pod initiation stages recorded significantly greater dry matter accumulation in leaves, stem and reproductive parts, higher SPAD values, number of pods plant-1 (46.5), grain weight plant-1 (9.45 g), harvest index (2198 kg ha-1). Soil dehydrogenase activity, protein content and protein yield parameters also showed higher values for the same treatment along with the major nutrient uptake. A significant reduction in the observation of pest load of chickpeas at pod development stage was noticed by the application of treatment.
 Conclusion: Foliar application of liquid organic manures, either jeevamrutha @ 25% or cow urine @ 10% both at pre-flowering and at pod initiation stages helped to increase growth, growth attributes like dry matter accumulation, SPAD values, yield attributes, protein content, dehydrogenase activity, major nutrient uptake and reduction of pest load in chickpea.

Standardization of container type, substrate and nutrition for potted plant production of China aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Ness.] var. Arka Archana

A study was conducted at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta, Bengaluru for three consecutive seasons during 2019-20, to standardize the container type, substrate combination and nutrition for potted plant production of China aster var. Arka Archana. The treatments comprised of two type of containers (plastic and coir), three substrates {Red soil + FYM + Sand (1:1:1 v/v), Arka Fermented cocopeat (AFC), AFC + Vermicompost (1:1 v/v)} and four nutrition concentration (160:30:180 ppm N:P: K, 128:24:144 ppm N:P: K, 96:18:108 ppm N:P: K and Jeevamrutha @ 3%) laid out in factorial completely randomized design with three replications. Plant height at flowering (33.12 cm), number of primary branches (12.4), plant spread (536.64 cm2), number of flowers/plant (26.47), flower size (5.26 cm) and uptake of major, secondary and minor nutrients were maximum in the plants grown in 6" plastic pots using the substrate combination of soil +sand +FYM (1:1:1 v/v/v) along with the weekly application of nutrient solution of 96:18:108 ppm NPK/plant. This production protocol resulted in a dense canopy and highly floriferous potted plants. The benefit cost ratio of potted China aster production was 1.70. This technology can be adopted by the nurserymen for large-scale commercial potted plant production.

Soil and Foliar Application of Molybdenum on Yield, Biochemical Quality of Green Gram (Vigna Radiata L.) Grown in Fe Rich Soils

More than 70 % soils of Odisha are acidic with dominance of Fe and Al where Mo deficiency in soils affects the yield of rabi green gram which is much below than the national average. With this background an experiment was conducted by soil application four dose of molybdenum (0, 250, 500, 750 g/ha) and two foliar spraying of molybdenum @0.1% Mo (F1) and 0.2% Mo (F2) on the variety IPM 02-14. A light texture acidic sandy loam soil of central farm, OUAT, Bhubaneswar which is dominated by micronutrients like Fe, Mn, Al and deficient in molybdenum was selected for the experiment. It was observed that growth and yield attributing characters increased with the increase in foliar spraying (FS) of molybdenum as well as combined application of foliar and soil application up to a dose of (250 g/ha soil application with 0.2% foliar application of Mo) after which a decrease in all the attributes was observed. The highest yield of green gram was 549 kg/ha at combined application of 250 g/ha soil with 0.2% foliar spray of molybdenum. Uptake of major nutrients (N,P and K)was increased and the highest uptake was at Mo3F2. Improvement in soil fertility was observed in post-harvest soil with a positive balance in availability of nitrogen after meeting the crop requirement. Therefore, application of both soil and foliar spray (250 g/ha soil with 0.2%) was optimum dose of Mo for green gram grown in low fertile and Fe rich acidic soil. Bangladesh J. Bot. 51(4): 689-696, 2022 (December)

MITIGATION OF DROUGHT STRESS IN Solanaceae VEGETABLES THROUGH SYMBIOSIS WITH PLANT GROWTH - PROMOTING BACTERIA AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI. A REVIEW

Plants constitute dynamic systems with different strategies to face biotic and abiotic stress. Water deficit is one of the most challenging abiotic factors increased by climate change, affecting seriously the quality of soils and crop yields, decreasing photosynthetic rate, increasing the accumulation of free radicals, and modifying root morphology. In this regard, the potential role of the host plant - arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) interactions within the rhizosphere in the alleviation of drought stress is being deeply studied. These symbiotic relationships not only allow a major nutrient and water uptake, but also could be integrated as a sustainable approach to improve the growth and productivity of crops under water scarcity conditions. A better comprehension of the mechanisms of these synergies between PGPB and AMF with plants is becoming an important key to develop effective applications of these natural symbiosis. In this work, the highlighted knowledge concerning these associations and their effect in the response of plants under drought stress have been reviewed, focusing on the interactions described in Solanaceae vegetables, one of the most relevant crops in the Mediterranean area.

Effect of Glomus fasciculatum and induced population of Meloidogyne incognita on uptake of major nutrients by tomato cultivars

Effect of Glomus fasciculatum and induced population of Meloidogyne incognita on uptake of major nutrients by tomato cultivars

Dry Matter Accumulation, Nutrient Uptake and Use Efficiencies in Polyhouse Grown Bell Pepper Under Deficit Water and Fertilizer Application

ABSTRACT A study was carried out to evaluate the influence of deficit levels of irrigation and fertigation on accumulation of dry matter and uptake of major nutrients in bell pepper as well as to understand water and fertilizer use efficiencies of the crop under a polyhouse. A two-factor randomized block design was employed with irrigation regimes at 40% (I1), 60% (I2) and 80% (I3) of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) being the first factor and with the second factor being fertigation levels with 50% (F1), 75% (F2) and 100% (F3) recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) (150:150:150 kg/ha NPK)] along with a control treatment comprising water replenishment with 100% ETc through drip and 100% RDF using conventional fertilizers as soil application. Significantly higher uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as well as total dry matter accumulation was recorded under I2 and F2 and their resultant interaction combinations. The performance of the crop under farmer’s practice treatment was poor in all respects, making it unsuitable for adoption in greenhouse crop cultivation. Water and fertilizer use efficiencies were higher with a decreased amount of applications as the combination of deficit levels of water (I2) and fertilizer (F2) was found superior in recorded parameters resulting in a higher fruit yield, which further helped in reducing the cost of the production as well as decreasing the pollution of the growing environment.

Microorganisms as a Sustainable Alternative to Traditional Biofortification of Iron and Zinc: Status and Prospect to Combat Hidden Hunger

Despite the fact that the world has achieved adequate food grain production to fight the battle against caloric hunger, still, a significant fraction of population is suffering with deficiency of micronutrients like Fe and Zn. However, the dietary intake of these micronutrients could be sufficient to meet the nutritional demand if the bioavailability was not low due to the strong inhibition by phytic acid and phenolics. Another cause behind inadequate intake is the scarcity of plant-available micronutrients in soil and genetic makeup of plants impeding high accumulation. Postharvest fortification is the major strategy to enrich staple food crops with micronutrients, but biofortification of food crops using breeding and agronomic strategies is also gaining popularity. However, one important issue remained unaddressed as none of them could really increase the plant-available micronutrients like Fe or Zn which otherwise remain insoluble in soil. Microorganisms due to their enormous metabolic diversity are known to be key players in biogeochemical cycling. Their roles in improving the uptake of major nutrients by plants are well-known and understood. Enrichment of edible crops with Fe and Zn can be achieved through microorganisms by any of the three following strategies—(a) increased availability of micronutrients due to microbial activity such as production of acids, chelators, and phytohormones; (b) microbe-mediated modulation of micronutrient transporters; and (c) de-complexation of micronutrients from compounds like phytate through microbial activity during postharvest processing. Microbe-mediated biofortification can potentially complement the agronomic and genetic biofortification of staple crops.

To study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of potato

Field experiment was carried out at the Vegetable Research Farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during Rabi season of 2018-19 to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of potato. The experiment was consist of eight treatment viz. control (100% recommended dose off ertilizer), FYM @ 30 t/ha + bio – fertilizer (PSB), Poultry manure @ 5 t/ha + bio – fertilizer (PSB), Vermi – compost @ 7.5 t/ha + bio – fertilizer (PSB), FYM @ 10 t/ha + poultry manure 1.7 t/ha + vermi – compost 2.7 t/ha + bio – fertilizer (PSB), Recommended dose of nitrogen (150 kg/ha) 67% RDN through inorganic and 33% RDN through FYM + bio – fertilizer (PSB), Recommended dose of nitrogen (150 kg/ha) in which 33% RDN through inorganic and 67% RDN through FYM + bio – fertilizer (PSB), Farmer practices (through organic). The experiment was laid out in Randomized complete block design with three replication. The T6 RDN (150 kg/ha) 67% RDN through inorganic and 33% RDN through FYM + bio–fertilizer (PSB) were significantly superior over the other treatments for all growth, yield and nutrient uptake of parameters and economics of production. T6 RDN (150 kg/ha) 67% RDN through inorganic and 33% RDN through FYM + bio – fertilizer (PSB) has resulted in higher plant height (49.14 cm), number of haulm and number of leaves (38.59 and 433.68, respectively), higher uptake of major nutrients viz., nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (184.64, 34.85 and 185.51 kg ha-1, respectively) in potato tuber. Yield studies characters viz., number of tuber (grade wise) hill-1, Weight of tuber (gm hill-1), and tuber yield (kg plot-1) in 0-25g, 25-50g, 50-75g, and >75g (3.26, 2.24, 2.05, 2.04 and 23.17, 115.66, 138.93 and 184.88 and 2.50, 14.98, 18.99, 13.48) and yield of tuber (386.60 q ha-1) was found T6 RDN (150 kg/ha) 67% RDN through inorganic and 33% RDN through FYM + bio – fertilizer (PSB).

Diatomaceous Earth as a Source of Silicon and its Impact on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties, Yield and Quality, Pests and Disease Incidence of Arabica Coffee cv. Chandragiri

To assess the impact of Diatomaceous Earth (DE) as a source of silicon on soil physical-chemical properties, yield attributes and clean coffee yield of Arabica coffee cv. Chandragiri, field experiments were conducted during the year 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Central Coffee Research Institute, Karnataka, India. Study revealed that, different doses of DE as soil application and as foliar spray (3 times) significantly increased the soil available silicon status from 38.19 to 41.63 mg kg− 1in 2018, 34.16 to 49.28 mg kg− 1 in 2019 and 36.18 to 46.04 mg kg− 1 on pooled basis and leaf available content from 0.40 to 0.79% in 2018, 0.43 to 0.83% in 2019 and 0.42 to 0.81% on pooled basis, respectively as compared to T1 − 100% RDF (Control). In addition, it enhanced the uptake of major nutrients and reduced the incidence of micronutrient during both the years of study and on pooled basis. Among different treatments, T7 -treatment supplemented with 100% RDF + 200 kg DEha− 1 + 0.5% foliar spray @ 3 times recorded significantly highest clean coffee yield (731 kg ha− 1) which was statistically on par (702 kg ha− 1) with T8- 75% RDF + 200 kg DE ha− 1 + 0.5% foliar spray @ 3 times during both the years of study increase in yield 27.63% as compared to T1- 100% RDF (Control) (529 cc kg ha− 1). The same trend was noticed in coffee beans grades, nutrients status in plants and post-harvest nutrient status in the soil. The impact of DE on pest and disease incidence could not be established either of the seasons, in a convincing manner. The net return and B: C ratio was highest in T7 (1.43) and T8 (1.40) compared with T3 (1.02). The study emphasized that use of silicon in Arabica coffee plantation is an alternative material which can be used for improving soil fertility and supplementary input for improving the production in coffee.

Impact of Application of Fertilizer and Lime on Yield of Banana (Grand Naine) and Soil Parameters in Acidic Soil of Arunachal Pradesh

The present study was aimed at standardizing fertilizer and lime requirement for tissue banana (Grand Naine) cultivation in acidic soil of mid hill of Arunachal Pradesh The experiment was conducted at ICAR RC farm Gori, ICAR RC for NEH Region, AP centre, Basar. The effect of twelve different treatments of combination of fertilizers and Lime was studied on growth parameters of banana plant, post harvest fruit quality parameters and on the soil chemical and physical parameter their availability & uptake of major nutrients were also studied. The results revealed. Plant growth parameters like pseudo stem circumference (36.96 cm) and Plant height (92.85 cm) was highest in the treatment receiving L1F2. Similarly, treatment L2F2 recorded highest number of leaves (5.96), suckers (1.41) and leaf area (3586 cm2). Treatment L2F1 recorded lowest stem circumference (22.3 cm), number of leaves (3.52) and leaf area (1420 cm2). Similarly, treatment having L3F1 recorded lowest number of suckers (0.41). The plants treated with (50% lime + 100% RDF) performed best in terms of both yield and quality attributes. The effects of lime application significantly improve pH of soil that resulted in the improved the availability of phosphorous. Application of 125% fertilizer was not found to significantly enhance the yield of Banana. The lime application significantly improve the soil nutrient concentration Viz Available N, P K, Ca pH and reduced Al concentration that resulted into enhance banana production compare to the control.

Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on growth, nutrient partitioning, and uptake of major nutrients by soybean under varied nitrogen application levels

AbstractRising carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration causes fertilization effects resulting in enhanced crop biomass and yields and thus likely enhances nutrient demand of plants. Hence, this field study was carried out to investigate the effects of elevated CO2 and N on biomass yield, nutrient partitioning, and uptake of major nutrients by soybean (Glycine max L.) using open‐top chambers (OTCs) of 4 m × 4 m size. Soybean was grown in OTCs under two CO2 [ambient and elevated (535 ± 36.9 mg L−1)] and four N levels during July to October 2016. The four N levels were N0, N50, N100, and N150 referring to 0, 50, 100, and 150% recommended dose of N. Both CO2 and N significantly affected biomass and grain yield, though the interaction was non‐significant. CO2 enrichment produced 30–65% higher biomass and 26–59% higher grain yield under various N levels. As compared to the optimum N application (N100), the CO2‐mediated increment in biomass yield decreased with either lower or higher N application, with the response being lowest at N150. As compared to ambient concentration, elevated CO2 resulted in significant reduction of seed P concentration at all N application levels but at N150, an opposite trend was observed. The decrease in seed P was maximum at N0 and N50 (7–9%) and by 3% at N100, whereas there was a gain of 7.5% at N150. The seed N and K concentrations were not affected either by CO2 or N application. Total N, P, and K uptake at harvest were significantly affected by CO2 and N, but not by CO2 × N interaction. Elevated CO2 resulted higher uptake of N by 18–61%, P by 23–62%, and K by 22–62% under various N treatments.

Long Term Fertilizer Management Effect on Nutrient Dynamics in Rainfed Rice-lentil System in Transect 4 of IndoGangetic Plain

The present study analyzed the effect of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil nutrient dynamics in a long-term field experiment under rainfed rice-lentil system. The experiment was operative at Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, B.H.U Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Carbon dynamics was investigated on surface soil on the basis of distribution of Walkley & Black Carbon, in active pool (AP) or labile carbon (oxidisable at low concentration of H2SO4) in relation to passive pool (PP) or non labile carbon (oxidisable at high concentration of H2SO4) and its indices carbon management index (CMI). The effect of eight different treatments including unfertilized, 100% N from farm yard manure, 100% recommended dose of fertilizer, 50% RDF + 50% N Foliar), 50% RDF, 50% RDF + 50% N FYM), 50% N FYM and Farmers practices i.e. application of 20kg N ha-1 The availability & uptake of major nutrients were studied. The results revealed: That mixed application of inorganic fertilizers and FYM substantially increase the soil organic carbon pool, sustainability index over remaining treatments. Higher fertilizer application rates resulted in higher and sustained crop yields which had been reflected in sustainability yield index. A significant Pearson correlation was found between SOC, AP, PP, exchangeable K2O content, soil microbial biomass carbon and SYI. (The result indicated to adopt conjunctive use of nutrient management which promote the SOC more labile and, induce availability of other nutrients coupled with SMBC that translate into higher crop yields.