Unusual Position Research Articles

Global search for stable screw dislocation cores in III‐N semiconductors

AbstractThe promise of the broad range of direct band gaps of the {Al, Ga, In}N system is limited by the crystal quality of current material. As grown defect densities of InN, when compared with the more mature GaN, are extremely high and InN is strongly influenced by these defects. This is particularly important due to the unusual position of the charge neutrality level of InN, leading to both the well‐known surface charge accumulation and difficulties in p‐type doping. While impurities and native defects clearly impact on the bulk carrier density in InN, the effects of threading dislocations on the electrical properties are still in dispute. Issues such as whether the dislocation line is charged or contains dangling bonds remain open. We present the results of a global search for possible dislocation core reconstructions for a range of screw dislocations in wurtzite III‐N material, utilizing empirical Stillinger–Weber inter‐atomic potentials. In addition, we investigate a wide range of non‐stoichiometric core structures.

Orthostatic hypotension in the anesthetized rabbit in the sitting position exceeds cerebral autoregulation

Orthostatic hypotension and cerebral autoregulation have been extensively studied in the rabbit. However, these physiologic responses have not been previously studied utilizing a rabbit in the sitting position under anesthesia. This unusual position was obtained as the preferred orientation based on geometry requirements of associated equipment for a study of osteoarthritis of the knee. Rabbits for this experiment did not survive and an additional experimental condition was developed to elucidate the mechanism and cause of death. The carotid artery pressure was measured under general anesthesia with incremental tilt testing to achieve the sitting position. Under this condition, rabbits developed orthostatic hypotension and did not survive. According to previous studies of orthostatic hypotension and limits of cerebral autoregulation, it is concluded that orthostatic hypotension in the anesthetized rabbit in the sitting position exceeds cerebral autoregulation.

Osteogenesis imperfecta misdiagnosed as child abuse

The differential diagnosis of child abuse includes osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Mild phenotypes of OI may be misdiagnosed as child abuse. The purpose of this study was to review the experience of families in which OI was misdiagnosed as child abuse. Sixty-one potential cases of misdiagnosis were identified from a lay support organization. Upon review of the medical records, 33 cases were identified with a confirmed diagnosis of OI (skin biopsy or DNA blood test). Questionnaires were given to families to describe their condition and experiences. There were 19 male and 14 female children. Mean age at presentation was 7.1 months (range: 1-23 months). All patients had fractures and the presenting symptoms included pain (n=14), swelling (n=7), decreased limb movement (n=5), or unusual limb position (n=2). Abnormal radiograph findings consistent with OI were found in 19 of 33 patients (58%), clinical findings of OI were present in 23 of 33 patients (70%), and a family history that could be supportive of OI was present in 18 of 33 families (55%). Children were removed from the family in 70% of cases and older siblings were removed from the family in 62% of cases. The mean age at the time of diagnosis of OI was 10.5 months (range: 3-35 months). The consequences of misdiagnosis of OI as child abuse are devastating to the family. OI should be considered in all cases of suspected child abuse. In children with any clinical, radiographic, or family history features of OI, early involvement of a bone specialist and performance of laboratory testing should be considered to establish a timely and accurate diagnosis.

An unusual tumor of rib diaphysis—report of a giant cell tumor and a brief review of literature

Giant Cell Tumor of bone (GCT) is a benign but aggressive tumor, which forms about 4–5% of primary bone tumors and 1–2% of all chest wall tumors. It arises in the epiphysis of bones. The epiphysis of a rib is in its head and tubercle posteriorly and hence a GCT arising in a rib’s anterior aspect, its diaphysis, is rare. In this unusual position, it can be mistaken for other more common diaphyseal pathologies. Radiological images are often diagnostic. A needle biopsy is best avoided and a wide excision biopsy is the treatment of choice. Microscopically, multinucleated giant cells are seen amidst stromal cells. Giant cells like these are also seen in other diseases like the brown tumor of primary hyperparathyroidism. Giant cell lesions are never caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism. We present a case of a diaphyseal GCT of rib in a patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism who was successfully treated.

Structural features of cytochrome P450 1A associated with the absence of EROD activity in liver of the loricariid catfish Pterygoplichthys sp.

[Display omitted] Research Highlights► EROD was not detected in Pterygoplichthys liver microsomes ► CYP1A protein and mRNA were induced by treatments with AhR agonists. ► CYP1A coding region exhibits six exclusive amino acids substitutions. ► EROD substrate docked infrequently and in an unusual position at the active site.

Acousmatic Fabrications: Les Paul and the ‘Les Paulverizer’

Acousmatic sound – a sound that one hears without seeing the causes behind it – creates situations where visual contributions to auditory experience are diminished. The author theorizes that acousmatic separation unsettles the relationship of the source, cause and effect of sound. To draw out the consequences of this theory, Les Paul and Mary Ford’s multi-tracked recordings and live performances are examined, and three central claims are posited. First, Paul’s turn to multi-tracked recording was motivated by mimetic rivalry when his ‘sound’ was imitated on the radio. Second, Paul misdirected listeners of his radio program by creating scenarios that depended on false attributions of source and cause. Third, the problems that faced Paul in live performance of his multi-tracked hits resulted in Paul’s creation of the ‘Les Paulverizer’. This device afforded the maintenance of acousmatic spacing during live performance but also forced him into the unusual position of ventriloquizing his own voice.

SU‐E‐J‐109: Evaluation of the Dosimetric Impact of Respiratory‐Induced Motion

Purpose: Assess the impact of respiratory motion on three‐dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) treatment planning and IMRT treatment planning with 4DCT datasets. Methods: A clinical 3DCRT treatment plan made on clinical primary dataset (free‐breathing 3DCT) was the starting point of this planning analysis. GTV contours were manually reproduced and adapted to account for anatomy changes on each 4DCT phases. For comparison, an IMRT plan was created with the primary dataset using the same contours. The 3DCRT and IMRT plans were copied and recalculated on each phase datasets, keeping all respective beams parameters and monitor units the same. Dosimetric parameters were extracted for each phases of all plans.Results: The lung case presented is a tumor clinging to the diaphragm, chosen for its unusual position and large amplitude of movement among the pool of patients available. Considering PTV coverage for the 3DCRT plans, expiration phases are closer to the primary plan than the inspiration phases. PTV coverage for inspiration phases is best represented by the 4DCT average dataset whereas the primary dataset is better suited to represent the expiration phases. The phase‐calculated IMRT plans also showed expiration phases PTVs coverage is closer to the primary plan than for inspiration phases. In this case, the average dataset is better suited than the primary dataset to describe the shape of the DVH dose drop‐ off for the 4DCT phases. The results obtained showed that a difference of up to 12% in PTV coverage for a 3DCRT and 17% for an IMRT plan can be observed when using breathing phase anatomy to calculate a plan made on the primary dataset Conclusions: Anatomy changes caused by breathing cannot be neglected because of their influence on dosimetric parameters. Our results indicate that the choice of a plan dataset may have an impact on treatment accuracy and robustness.

E-Pearl: Brachial artery embolus mimicking acute stroke

An 85-year-old woman presented to an emergency department with acute onset of right upper extremity pain and weakness. She denied sitting with her arm propped up or falling asleep in an unusual position. Her medical history included paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, hypertension, dyslipidemia,

Different Faces, Different Spaces: Identifying the Islanders of Ogasawara

The Ogasawara Islands of Japan have been a site of colonisation, militarisation and occupation. The islands were first settled by European and Pacific Islanders from 1830 and then colonised by Japan in 1875. In 1944, at the height of World War II, the islands' inhabitants were forced to evacuate to mainland Japan. The islands were under US Navy occupation from 1945 until 1952 and then US Navy administration from 1952 until their return to Japan in 1968. This paper situates the Ogasawara Islands in their historical context and focuses on the descendants of the original settlers and their unique and unusual position within Japanese history and society. The differences embodied in the descendants coupled with over 20 years under the US Navy have had profound effects that are still present within the community even today. Using ethnographic data, the paper explores the composite ways in which this community has been identified and self-identified. The paper theorises the link between space, place and identification and argues that the effects of social, cultural and political changes to the nation-space of the Ogasawara Islands have led to complex and conflicting forms of identification.

Crystallographic and Mutational Analysis of the CD40-CD154 Complex and Its Implications for Receptor Activation

CD40 is a tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family protein that plays an important role in B cell development. CD154/CD40L is the physiological ligand of CD40. We have determined the crystal structure of the CD40-CD154 complex at 3.5 Å resolution. The binding site of CD40 is located in a crevice formed between two CD154 subunits. Charge complementarity plays a critical role in the CD40-CD154 interaction. Some of the missense mutations found in hereditary hyper-IgM syndrome can be mapped to the CD40-CD154 interface. The CD40 interaction area of one of the CD154 subunits is twice as large as that of the other subunit forming the binding crevice. This is because cysteine-rich domain 3 (CRD3) of CD40 has a disulfide bridge in an unusual position that alters the direction of the ladder-like structure of CD40. The Ser(132) loop of CD154 is not involved in CD40 binding but its substitution significantly reduces p38- and ERK-dependent signaling by CD40, whereas JNK-dependent signaling is not affected. These findings suggest that ligand-induced di- or trimerization is necessary but not sufficient for complete activation of CD40.

Making Native Space: Cultural Politics, Historical Narrative, and Community Curation at the National Museum of the American Indian

The work of presenting native history in the museum setting is always challenging; a commitment to prioritizing native perspectives and interests in a national museum is all the more so. Certainly, any museum is today a multilayered space of representational possibilities, and thus creating exhibitions in collaboration with native constituents is a dynamic and challenging task. This article is a summary of current exhibition planning strategies at the National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI), which having developed a model collaborative approach for its opening exhibitions, is now in the unusual position of needing to scrutinize that model of "community curation," and to consider other strategies for resolution of representational issues and educational mandates as we develop our next major exhibitions.

Inter-regional wage differentials with individual heterogeneity: evidence from Brazil

This paper uses administrative data to follow Brazilian workers over time and examine what happens to the inter-regional wage differentials after controlling for unmeasured workers’ characteristics that are fixed over time. Since the data allow us to track the same workers over the years, we are in the unusual position of obtaining the individual wages before and after the migration process. As a significant share of workers changed States in the sample period, it is possible to examine to what extent the wage differentials reflect the concentration of high-skilled individuals in some States. The results show that the overall wage variability across States drops to almost one third of its original value and the ranking of the State effects is significantly altered after we take into account the workers’ fixed effects. A great deal of the inter-regional differentials, therefore, reflects differences in the average ability of workers across States.

Rigor mortis in an unusual position: Forensic considerations

We report a case in which the dead body was found with rigor mortis in an unusual position. The dead body was lying on its back with limbs raised, defying gravity. Direction of the salivary stains on the face was also defying the gravity. We opined that the scene of occurrence of crime is unlikely to be the final place where the dead body was found. The clues were revealing a homicidal offence and an attempt to destroy the evidence. The forensic use of ‘rigor mortis in an unusual position’ is in furthering the investigations, and the scientific confirmation of two facts - the scene of death (occurrence) is different from the scene of disposal of dead body, and time gap between the two places.

The syntactic distribution of argument and adjunct question word constructions in Ikalanga

This paper investigates the distribution of argument and adjunct question phrases in Ikalanga. It is argued that both adjunct and argument question phrases in this language are focused, but that the former are merged in the specifier of a focus phrase (which projects either within v P or higher than TP) while argument question phrases occur in the specifier of a focus phrase as a result of a syntactic operation, namely attract . Evidence that adjunct question phrases are base generated in spec-FocP rather than moved there while argument question phrases are moved to spec-FocP comes from morphological differences observed between the two construction types as well as movement tests. There are two main points of interest related to the distribution of adjunct question phrases. One has to do with the fact that Ikalanga has one word chini which means ‘how’ or ‘how come’. The paper argues that speakers distinguish chini ‘how’ and ‘how come’ based on their syntactic distribution, which is complementary. chini ‘how come’ is always merged in the specifier of FocP and can occur either on the left edge of the sentence or on the right edge of the sentence. chini ‘how’ on the other hand only occurs at the right edge of the sentence or between the verb and its complement. It is shown that although chini ‘how come’ seemingly occurs on the right edge of the sentence, this is a derived position: it is a position that results after a proposition, a TP, has been topicalized leaving behind chini in spec-FocP. The second point of interest concerning the distribution of adjuncts is the rather unusual position they occupy, namely between the verb and its complement. The paper proposes that these data can be analyzed successfully by adopting the proposal that a focus phrase projects within v P (see Ndayiregige, Linguistic Inquiry 30: 399–444, 1999, van der Wal, The disjoint verb form and an empty immediate after verb position, ZAS, 2006, among others, for similar proposals.

Bipartite Anterior Extraperitoneal Teratoma: Evidence for the Embryological Origins of Teratomas?

Teratomas are thought to arise from totipotent primordial germ cells (PGCs) Dehner (1983) which may miss their target destination Moore and Persaud (1984). Teratomas can occur anywhere from the brain to the coccygeal area but are usually in the midline close to the embryological position of the gonadal ridges Bale (1984), Nguyen and Laberge (2000). We report a case of a bipartite anterior extraperitoneal teratoma. This is an unusual position for a teratoma, but one which may support the “missed target” theory of embryology.

“Looking” for Intentionality with Heidegger

Phenomenologists find themselves in the unusual position of attempting to describe non-sensuously phenomenal phenomena. Intentionality is one such oddity. It is not sensuously phenomenal, yet Husserl and Heidegger both purport to be able to “read off” its necessary features. Both were well aware that such an enterprise has its difficulties. The primary difficulty is how to make intentionality into an “object.” To do so, a method for directing our “phenomenological vision” is necessary. Heidegger, however, is unable to utilise Husserl’s methods for this purpose. Since the phenomenological method must “follow its matter,” and Heidegger’s matter is different from Husserl’s, Heidegger cannot merely adopt Husserl’s methods. Thus, Heidegger must develop a new method to investigate intentionality. In this paper, I show the ways in which Heidegger’s conception of intentionality diverged from Husserl’s while retaining its core sense, and why intentionality poses particularly difficult methodological problems. Finally, I investigate the new methods Heidegger develops (c. 1925–28) to deal with these problems—categorial intuition, a reformulated version of the reduction, and a form of objectification—and why each of these methods fails.

Species of Triconia of the conifera-Subgroup (Copepoda, Oncaeidae) from Korean waters, Including a New Species

Three species of Triconia belonging to the conifera-subgroup are described from Korean waters (NW Pacific). A new species, Triconia hirsuta, was found that can be distinguished from its sibling T. conifera by a paired patch of long setules on the anterolateral margin of the genital double-somite in the female, and an unusual position of caudal seta II branching off at almost a right angle to the caudal ramus. Males have not been found so far. Both sexes of T. conifera (Giesbrecht, 1891) and T. borealis (Sars, 1918) from Korean waters are redescribed with the addition of morphological details and/or differences not noted in earlier descriptions. Morphological characters of Korean T. conifera are in close agreement with specimens described from the Mediterranean Sea and the Pacific, but differ in several parameters from T. conifera from the Red Sea, which is regarded as a distinct, though closely related, species requiring re-examination. Published data on the community structure and zoogeographical distribution of oncaeids of the conifera-type in the NW Pacific are summarized, and the remaining uncertainties concerning the distribution of species of the conifera-subgroup in these areas are pointed out.

Hong Kong: migrant lives, landscapes, and journeys

In 1997 the United Kingdom returned control of Hong Kong to China, ending the city’s status as one of the last remnants of the British Empire and initiating a new phase for it as both a modern city and a hub for global migrations. Hong Kong is a tour of the city’s postcolonial urban landscape, innovatively told through fieldwork and photography. Caroline Knowles and Douglas Harper’s point of entry into Hong Kong is the unusual position of the British expatriates who chose to remain in the city after the transition. Now a relatively insignificant presence, British migrants in Hong Kong have become intimately connected with another small minority group there: immigrants from Southeast Asia. The lives, journeys, and stories of these two groups bring to life a place where the past continues to resonate for all its residents, even as the city hurtles forward into a future marked by transience and transition. By skillfully blending ethnographic and visual approaches, Hong Kong offers a fascinating guide to a city that is at once unique in its recent history and exemplary of our globalized present.

The Cello Music Cataloger as Program Builder

Established in 2006, the position of Cello Music Cataloger at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro blurs the traditional lines of demarcation between library technical services and public services. On the one hand, it is a position that demands the extensive knowledge and application of traditional cataloging practices; on the other, it facilitates innovative, collaborative approaches to challenges and opportunities arising in the unpredictable, rapidly changing twenty-first century. Examining first the evolution of the position, this paper offers a detailed description of the Cello Music Cataloger's flexible combination of technical and public service duties, followed by a summary of colleague response to this relatively new and unusual position.

Dermoscopy of Scalp Melanoma: Report of Three Cases

Scalp melanoma is rare and often late-discovered because of its unusual position. As a consequence, its prognosis is poorer than melanoma on other body sites and only few clinical reports about its dermoscopic pattern have been published. In this paper, we report three clinical cases of scalp melanoma with photographic documentation and dermoscopic images, in order to improve the early detection of scalp melanoma.