Unusual Attitude Research Articles

Lingering Altitude Effects During Piloting and Navigation in a Synthetic Cockpit

INTRODUCTION: A study was performed to evaluate a cockpit flight simulation suite for measuring moderate altitude effects in a limited subject group. Objectives were to determine whether the apparatus can detect subtle deterioration, record physiological processes throughout hypobaric exposure, and assess recovery.METHODS: Eight subjects trained to perform precision instrument control (PICT) flight and unusual attitude recovery (UAR) and completed chamber flights dedicated to the PICT and UAR, respectively. Each flight comprised five epochs, including ground level pressure (GLP), ascent through altitude plateaus at 10,000, 14,000, and 17,500 ft (3050, 4270, and 5338 m), then postexposure recovery. PICT performance was assessed using control error (FSE) and time-out-of-bounds (TOOB) when pilots exited the flight corridor. UARs were assessed using response times needed to initiate correction and to achieve wings-level attitude. Physiological indices included Spo₂, heart rate (HR), end tidal O₂ and CO₂ pressures, and respiration metrics.RESULTS: Seven subjects completed both flights. PICT performance deteriorated at altitude: FSE increased 33% at 17,513 ft and 21% in Recovery vs. GLP. Mean TOOB increased from 11 s at GLP to 60 s in Recovery. UAR effects were less clear, with some evidence of accelerated responses during and after ascent.CONCLUSIONS: The test paradigm was shown to be effective; piloting impairment was detected during and after exposure. Physiological channels recorded a combination of hypoxia, elevated ventilation, and hypocapnia during ascent, followed by respiratory slowing in recovery. Findings indicate precision piloting and respiration are subject to changes during moderate altitude exposure and may remain altered after Spo₂ recovers, and changes may be linked to hypocapnia.Beer J, Morse B, Dart T, Adler S, Sherman P. Lingering altitude effects during piloting and navigation in a synthetic cockpit. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(3):135-141.

Air Force Pilot Expertise Assessment during Unusual Attitude Recovery Flight

Pilot training and expertise are key aspects in aviation. A traditional way of evaluating pilot expertise is to measure performance output. However, this approach provides a narrow view of the pilot’s capacity, especially with regard to mental and emotional profile. The aim of this study is hence to investigate whether neurophysiological data can be employed as an additional objective measure to assess the expertise of pilots. In this regard, it has been demonstrated that mental effort can be used as an indirect measure of operator expertise and capacity. An increase in mental effort, for instance, can automatically result in a decrease in the remaining capacity of the operator. To better investigate this aspect, we ask two groups of Italian Air Force pilots, experienced (Experts) and unexperienced (Novices), to undergo unusual attitude recovery flight training simulations. Their behavioral (unusual attitude recovery time), subjective (mental effort demand perception) and neurophysiological data (Electroencephalogram, EEG; Electrocardiogram, ECG) are collected during the entire flight simulations. Although the two groups do not exhibit differences in terms of unusual attitude recovery time and mental effort demand perception, the EEG-based mental effort index shows how Novices request significantly higher mental effort during unusual conditions.

Air Force Pilot Expertise Assessment during Unusual Attitude Recovery Flight

Air Force Pilot Expertise Assessment during Unusual Attitude Recovery Flight

Practical Knowledge and Attitudes of the Population Towards Dog Bites

The dog was the first species domesticated by man. It was first a useful animal for its hunting, guarding or shepherding abilities. Over the centuries, it has become a pet that currently has its place in homes. This change in situation is at the origin of many new interactions between dogs and humans (1). The study we conducted aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the population regarding dog bites. This was a descriptive and cross-sectional prospective study lasting one month from September 1 to 30, 2021 in the urban municipality of Koniakary. Any person living in the selected households during the study period who agreed to participate was included in the study. Women represented 58.4% of our sample. The average age of our respondents was 28 years old. Households with a dog were 35.7%, which was free to move in 96.03% and did not have a vaccination card. A percentage of 5.9% of people surveyed have already been bitten by a dog, which had an unusual attitude in 71.43%. The wound was located at the level of the foot in 54.38% and superficial in 66.67%. Among the people surveyed, 70.37% expressed having recourse to a medical consultation and immediately in 95.55%. Those who washed first before consultation lent 11.96%. Rabies was the risk mentioned by 39.89% faced with a dog bite against 29.63% who had no knowledge of the risks.

High-Fidelity Line Operational Simulation Evaluation of Synthetic Vision Flight Deck Technology for Enhanced Unusual Attitude Awareness and Recovery

ABSTRACT A Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST) study of 18 LOC-I accidents determined that a lack of external visual references (i.e., darkness, instrument meteorological conditions, or both) was associated with a flight crew’s loss of attitude awareness or energy state awareness in 17 of these events. In response, CAST called for research on Virtual Day-Visual Meteorological Condition (VMC) displays, also known as Synthetic Vision Systems, to accomplish the intended function of improving flight crew awareness of airplane attitude. A NASA high-fidelity simulator research study is described that focused on evaluation of the technology during upset recovery and line operational simulation scenarios with Boeing 787-rated international airline flight crews, which supplements previous studies evaluating the technology with U.S. domestic air transport pilots. The results evinced that synthetic vision systems can significantly enhance recognition of, and prevention of entry into unusual attitudes and aid in recovery especially over high-terrain environments through substantially enhanced attitude and terrain awareness.

Moving-horizon versus moving-aircraft: Effectiveness of competing attitude indicator formats on recoveries from discrete and continuous attitude changes.

The present research revisits the old issue whether attitude information is best conveyed to pilots in a moving-horizon format or in a moving-aircraft format. Previous research has suggested that the moving-aircraft format might not be beneficial for flight path tracking but recoveries from unusual attitudes, although the result are not fully consistent. A limitation of studies to date is that the recovery task usually did not involve progressive attitude changes of the aircraft but only sudden discrete changes. Compared with a discrete stimulus, the continuous dynamics might increase the perceived time pressure to respond, which in turn can be expected to amplify the error proneness with a less intuitive format. Two experiments were conducted where flight novices and experienced pilots performed tracking and recover tasks with both formats. Recoveries were performed from both, sudden (discrete) and continuously developing attitude changes. Independent of whether novices or pilots were considered, the general superiority of the moving-aircraft format was confirmed. As expected, the benefits of this format became even more evident with progressive attitude changes. No differences were found for tracking. The results add to the evidence favoring the moving-aircraft over the moving-horizon format for both novices and pilots. The moving-aircraft format of the attitude indicator should at least be considered as a standard for new applications, such as ground control stations of unmanned aerial vehicles. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Image of Muslim characters by the author of «Kazan Chronicle»

One of the features of ‟Kazan Chronicle” – the manuscript of the three hundred year history of relations between Russia and Kazan Khanate – is the unusual attitude of the author, a supporter of the policy of Ivan the Terrible, to the Kazan Tatars (the latter ones in some cases are portrayed sympathetically by him), is discussed in the article; examples of the destruction of literary etiquette in the ‟Chronicle” are given, the reasons for such descriptions, hidden in the biography of the unnamed author of ‟Kazan Chronicle”, are explained. Episodes about violation of the contract with the fugitive Crimean tsar Ulanus, about the stay of the latter at the borders of Russia, by Vasily II the Blind, the Grand Prince of Moscow (Chapter 9), about treason of Kazan Khan Muhammad Amin against Ivan III the Great and about the further repentance of the former (Chapter 12), the perfidy of Shahghali, Khan of Kazan, who was Moscow's appointee, and killing by him of Chura, son of Naryk, Kazan nobleman who had saved him (Chapter 25), are discussed in the article in this aspect. In all those episodes of ‟Kazan Chronicle”, what is reflected is not only the circumstances of the personal sympathy towards Kazan Tatars from the side of the author of the ‟Chronicle”, who had lived for twenty years as a prisoner in Kazan, but also the destruction of literary etiquette, which was a trend characteristic of the 16th century literature.

A comparison of general aviation accidents involving airline pilots and instrument-rated private pilots

Introduction: The extremely low accident rate for U.S air carriers relative to that of general aviation (∼1 and ∼60/million flight hours respectively) partly reflects advanced airman certification, more demanding recurrency training and stringent operational regulations. However, whether such skillset/training/regulations translate into improved safety for airline pilots operating in the general aviation environment is unknown and the aim of this study. Methods: Accidents (1998–2017) involving airline pilots and instrument-rated private pilots (PPL-IFR) operating non-revenue light aircraft were identified from the NTSB accident database. An online survey informed general aviation flight exposure for both pilot cohorts. Statistics used proportion testing and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: In degraded visibility, 0 and 40% (χ2p = 0.043) of fatal accidents involving airline and PPL-IFR airmen were due to in-flight loss-of-control, respectively. For landing accidents, airline pilots were under-represented for mishaps related to airspeed mismanagement (p = 0.036) relative to PPL-IFR but showed a dis-proportionate count (2X) of ground loss-of-directional control accidents (p = 0.009) the latter likely reflecting a preference for tail-wheel aircraft. The proportion of FAA rule violation-related mishaps by airline pilots was >2X (7 vs. 3%) that for PPL-IFR airmen. Moreover, airline pilots showed a disproportionate (χ2p = 0.021) count of flights below legal minimum altitudes. Not performing an official preflight weather briefing or intentionally operating in instrument conditions without an IFR flight plan represented 43% of airline pilot accidents involving FAA rule infractions. Conclusions: These findings inform safety deficiencies for: (a) airline pilots, landing/ground operations in tail-wheel aircraft and lack of 14CFR 91 familiarization regulations regarding minimum operating altitudes and (b) PPL-IFR airmen in-flight loss-of-control and poor landing speed management. Practical Applications: For PPL-IFR airmen, training/recurrency should focus on unusual attitude recovery and managing approach speeds. Airline pilots should seek additional instructional time regarding landing tail-wheel aircraft and become familiar with 14CFR 91 rules covering minimum altitudes.

Besteci Rauf Hacıyevin operetlerinin müzik dilinin üslup özellikleri

The operetta and the genre of musical comedy take a special place in the works of Azerbaijani composers. The investigation of the establishment and development of this genre is of great importance for the science of musicology. The creation of this genre took place in different decades of the twentieth century and also had a special impact on the work of other composers. The main task of the genre of operetta is to solve a problem with the help of humor, to show an unexpected flow of events and an unusual attitude of the characters to what is happening. Rauf Gadjiev used the genre of operetta and musical comedy in his works. His works in the genre have gained popularity not only in Azerbaijan but also in post-Soviet countries. The first work of R. Gadjiev, dedicated to the genre of musical comedy from the first days of his career, “Pranks of Students,” dates back to 1940, which corresponds to the student years of the composer. The work was written based on the work of the English playwright Brandon Thomas “Aunt Charley.” The work was the first test of the composer, and R. Gadjiev returned to this genre in 1960. One of his bright operettas is “Romeo is My Neighbor,” the premiere of which took place in Baku under the name “Neighbors.” Soon after this, the work also received great sympathy among the Moscow public. The song “My Lover” (“Sevgilim”), passing as a leitmotif, subsequently continued its independent concert life in the repertoire of outstanding singers. The combination of people from different strata of society, old and young, with different worldviews and ways of thinking, and the depiction of the characters by brilliant music of each image are among the reasons for the high appreciation of the operetta of R. Gadjiev. Far from musical comedies and operetta styles on the stage of the Azerbaijan Musical Theater, the composer managed to create a new style that used modern musical expressions and delighted the audience. In 1963, the composer presented his new work to the Moscow Theater. The operetta “Cuba, My Love” was dedicated to the 5th anniversary of the Cuban Revolution. The courage exhibited by the Cuban people in achieving their freedom was met with great enthusiasm in Soviet countries, and the plot of the operetta was dedicated to the struggle of the Cuban people for freedom. This theme, which does not correspond to the operetta genre, posed a number of problems in front of the composer, but he was able to justify himself by comparing serious and comic, humorous and satirical, lyrical characters. In 1969, the composer presented the work “Don’t Hide Your Smile,” and in 1971 the operetta “The Fourth Vertebra” in a new style. “Don’t Hide Your Smile” was more of a vaudeville character. Its main feature is the bright national atmosphere. The operetta of the composer “Crossroads” was met with great enthusiasm in 1981. The theme of this work is the revolutionary events of the early twentieth century. However, this theme was presented in a unique way. Although there are no scenes representing these events in the work, they indirectly play an important role. The primary attention in the operetta is paid to ordinary people, who must bear the burden of these events. This is shown in the first act. The overture of the operetta is somewhat different from the traditional one: the polyphony of sound symbols, which combine contrasting images, prevails here, the call for prayer “Ezan,” the factory bell, and a charming song are mixed. This musical number represents the bright face of revolutionary Baku of that time. The image of the city also opens in the market. The main characters live in the middle of this market. A typical home scene presents the first presentation of images. The composer used a wide range of folk song genres. This scene is also typical for the beginning of the main dramatic line of the work. A total of 7 operettas of the composer, 5 of which were staged on the stage of the Moscow Theater, were successful. The contribution of the composer to the development of the genre of operetta and musical comedy is priceless. In his operettas, literary and musical dramaturgy is enriched with new studies. The composer managed to create brilliant musical masterpieces by widely using a variety of pop and jazz music.

The Reformation of Riding: Protestant Identity and Horsemanship at North German Courts

Three early seventeenth-century texts written by German horsemen differ significantly in their attitudes towards horses from the highly influential Italian treatise on horsemanship, Gli ordini di cavalcare, by Federico Grisone (Naples, 1550). All three Germans were active as horse-trainers at Protestant courts. This article argues that their unusual attitudes, founded upon values such as love, empathy, piety, patience and knowledge, may well have been influenced by specific aspects of Martin Luther’s thought as expressed in the reformer’s Commentary on Genesis and other writings. In making this argument, the article explores the imbrication of the Protestant Reformation and early modern horsemanship.

Attitude Indicator Format

Abstract. A simulator study investigated the consequences of a transition between two alternative formats of the attitude indictor in aircraft cockpits, the moving-horizon and moving-aircraft format. Two groups of novices practiced performing two flight tasks (flight-path tracking and recovery from unusual attitudes) with one attitude-indicator format for six practice sessions, before transitioning to the other format. The results show that, after practice, participants were able to perform both tasks equally well with both attitude-indicator formats. However, the number of reversal errors in the recovery task increased considerably when transitioning from the moving-aircraft to moving-horizon format. No such effect emerged for the other direction. This suggests that the former transition is more difficult and represents a possible risk for flight safety.

Attitude Indicator Design in Primary Flight Display: Revisiting an Old Issue With Current Technology

ABSTRACTObjective: The experiments investigated the “old issue” of the attitude indicator’s moving-horizon versus moving-aircraft format with current primary flight display technology. Of interest was whether the effects found in earlier studies, favoring the moving-aircraft format, could be replicated with most recent technology including extended horizon displays, which depict the artificial horizon extended over the whole screen with overlaying speed and altitude scales (e.g., B787).Background: Although the moving-horizon format represents the standard approach in Western aviation, human factors research from the 1950s to the 1970s with round electromechanical instruments favored the moving-aircraft format with respect to better support of flight-path tracking and unusual attitude recoveries. However, recent studies using laboratory displays more similar to modern primary flight displays provided inconsistent results. This led to the assumption that the display’s design is a moderating factor of those effects.Method: Thirty-two novices and 13 pilots flew several tracking and recovery tasks in a PC-based simulator equipped with moving-horizon and moving-aircraft formats in classic and extended horizon design.Results: The data show that the previous effects favoring a moving-aircraft format of displaying bank information can be replicated with current primary flight display designs. However, the extended horizon design seems to reduce this effect, at least for pilots.Conclusion: The results suggest reconsidering the format of the attitude indicator at least for new applications, such as control of remotely piloted aircraft.

New active meso-porous titania foam as size limiter for metal nanoparticles

We present here a new sustainable method to fabricate peculiar titania mesofoam (mF), showing open cells with homogeneous size and shape for applications in heterogeneous catalysis. The mF was fabricated from an aqueous suspension of monodisperse polystyrene beads in diluted titanium acetylacetonate. The acetylacetonate group is proposed to be the driving force for the adsorption of the metal complex on the polystyrene beads. On top of the obtained anatase foam, we deposited gold nano-particles as an example of catalytically active metal nanoparticles, where the size of the metal nanoparticles was very sensitive to the temperature of catalytic tests. The resulting catalyst was fully characterized for application in the catalytic oxidation of CO and C3H6. The catalytic activity is strongly influenced by thermal treatments which increase the mean Au particle size distribution of the catalyst. Nevertheless, the proposed method for mF fabrication is able to generate mesopores that delimit the size of the gold nanoparticles to the mesopore size of the foam (i.e at average size below 10 nm) even in severe reaction conditions. This unusual attitude of the mF to delimit the gold nanoparticle size might also be effective for other metal nanoparticles. Consequently, we foresee that the proposed method could open a new route foractive inorganic mF, as support for metal nanoparticles.

Narrating Conversion

Both Buddhism and Jainism from their inception were missionary religions, engaged in spreading their faith through conversions. Unlike the Jains, the Buddhists developed a master-narrative in which, at a council of learned monks, it was agreed to dispatch some of their members to every corner of the world to convert the inhabitants to Buddhism. Read carefully, the accounts of the success of these ventures preserved in the Pali sources raise questions with surprisingly far-reaching implications. Through a comparison with Jain stories, this article highlights the distinctiveness of Buddhist conversion stories and puzzles over their unusual attitudes towards preaching, authoritative texts, and the lay community.

Design of a Flight Envelope Protection System for NASA’s Transport Class Model

This paper presents a flight envelope protection system for NASA’s Transport Class Model. The developed protection scheme is based on a command-limiting architecture that accounts for aircraft adverse aerodynamics, unusual attitude, and structural integrity and is designed to augment a standard gain-scheduled flight control law. The scheme also includes an energy protection system, which relies on an automatic throttle control loop that implements a total energy control law. In the setup adopted, the limits of the protected envelopes are actively adjusted to ensure, on the one hand, that the aircraft always stays in a safe flight condition and, on the other hand, that the pilot has enough control authority to perform aggressive maneuvers, if needed. Batch simulations demonstrate the efficacy of the protection system in maintaining the aircraft within desired safe conditions.

Pilot's visual attention allocation modeling under fatigue.

Human factors involved with visual attention mechanism and fatigue are critical causes of modern aviation accidents. To investigate the connection between attention and flight fatigue, a mathematical model of pilot's visual attention allocation was established based on information processing channels. Multi-task condition and current psychophysical state were taken into account as well. Sixteen participants were recruited to perform a long-term dual-task in a Boeing 737-800 flight simulator. The primary task was an envelope flight task and the secondary was an unusual attitude (UA) recovery task. Reaction time of the secondary task was recorded as a behavior performance index, while heart rate and respiration rate were measured as physiological indices as well as fixation distribution as attention allocation index. The experiment results showed a significant affect of experiment time that indicated the occurrence and influence of fatigue. Eye movement tracking also revealed good agreement with the predictable model and hence verified its effectiveness. Moreover, applicability of the model was validated under flight fatigue and multiple tasks condition. The current study provided a quantitative connection between pilot's visual attention allocation and flight fatigue, which was verified in the ergonomics experiment.

Role of Pilot Lack of Manual Control Proficiency in Air Transport Aircraft Accidents

This study is a review of three investigations of fatal air transport aircraft accidents and two reports of near fatal air transport aircraft incidents. All of the accident and incident reports reviewed found that the Air Transport rated pilots who caused the accidents and incidents were deficient in manual flightpath control skills. The study identified the following areas of manual flightpath control skill deficiencies: stall recovery, recovery from unusual attitudes, flightpath control for visual landing approaches, and rudder control during engine failure. Recommendations for training and checking procedures to address these skill deficiencies are proposed. Training recommendations include: exposure to novel, unexpected stalls and unusual attitudes, sudden failure of auto flight systems during critical phases of flight, and increased practice of rudder control techniques during engine failures. Checking procedures should be modified to include closer evaluation of .all manual flightpath control skills.

Erecting a Pyramid in France: Tomb Symbolism in 1 Henry VI

In December of 2012, Marina Warner, author of a well-known study of the life and afterlife of Joan of Arc, revisited the Maid of Orleans in a powerful opinion piece in The London Review of Books. In the article, Warner touches on the ways that Joan's life resonates in the modern world, including a disturbing glimpse of the misuse of the French saint as a avatar for the xenophobic policies of the Front National. Warner writes that Front National founder, Jean-Marie Le Pen, nauseatingly called Joan 'my little sister' (Warner 12) and that the party's current leader, Jean-Marie's daughter, Marine Le Pen, holds the party's rally on [ Joan's] feast day and in 2011 invoked her at immense length, claiming that Joan's campaign against the godons in France anticipated the Front National 's vision of ethnically purified population (12). Warner concludes with a call to action:Heroes and symbols are the compass points and moorings of our shared stories; abandoning the search to identify them, out of a high-minded distaste for propaganda, lets political factions manipulate to their own ends. When Marine Le Pen calls on Joan of Arc's name, she needs to be confronted about her abuse of history. Joan's multiple resurrections and transformations show how figures like her remain. Surrendering this territory to the forces of reaction allows too easy a victory. (Warner 14)That this charged symbolic power remains relevant and potent more than five and a half centuries after Joan's death stands as testament to the mythic draw of her story. That this legacy is contested and claimed by oppositional forces, however, should come as no surprise, particularly to Warner, as this very debate about Joan's status looms large in Warner's biography of Joan.From Joan's first entrance into the historical record, sources clearly exhibit a debate over how to view her. While later French chronicles tend to rapturously eulogize her, earlier documents such as the widely circulated Poitiers conclusions, a summary of the early questioning of Joan, can be read as far from expressing the kind of total support for Joan and her mission that is often assumed (Wood 20).1 Understandably, English historians treated Joan more harshly, yet Holinshed admits to Joan's courage, humility, and ability as an understander of councels though she were not at them even as he denigrates hir father, (a sorie sheepheard) and takes shots at her semblance of chastitie (Holinshed et al. 600).Fictionalized depictions of her as a character, such as the Joan la Pucelle found in Shakespeare's 1 Henry VI, present even more divisive interpretative challenges for critics. Inevitably, this English portrait of the great French heroine comes colored with jingoistic overtones; Dominique Goy-Blanquet amusingly calls the play libel, insisting [t]he playwright wreaks havoc upon the facts, chronology and Joan's reputation with a rare mixture of science and impudence (Goy-Blanquet, and Voltaire 7). 2 Within this framework, however, Joan's unique position as a low-born woman leading armies and even guiding the actions of a king, as well as her unusual attitude toward glory and worldly achievement, cause her to serve in the play as the only legitimate external threat to the English and, in a wider sense, to the patriarchal systems of authority in England, Burgundy, and France. Because of her unusual status and her power (as Warner would have it), critics have fought passionately over how to view her in the play; she has alternately been condemned as a supernatural agent bent on destabilization of the status quo and lauded as a progressive figure pioneering female self-empowerment. Which view of Joan is more accurate probably depends less on what Shakespeare wrote and more on who is asking (the French or the English, the early modern audience or audience today). Nonetheless, even the French nobility in the play seem wary of Joan's possible threat to their position, not just as individual capable of leading armies and seducing nobles, but as a powerful symbol with a threatening potential for near-infinite reinterpretability. …

Enhancing Spatial Orientation in Novice Pilots

Spatial disorientation (SD) is a common factor in aviation accidents, especially in novice pilots. An experiment was carried out to determine which of four different attitude indicator concepts in combination with two different display backgrounds (abstract vs. synthetic landscape) proves to be the most beneficial for novice pilot performance. Inexperienced pilots had to recover from unusual attitudes by using the standard moving-horizon display, a moving-aircraft display, a frequency-separated display, and a “mixed” display, with the latter two representing hybrid concepts with movements of both aircraft symbol and horizon bar. Participants performed the task of recovering from unusual attitudes most efficiently with hybrid display concepts, suggesting that these display concepts prevent figure-ground reversals and associated pilot errors. Outcomes of the study suggest that the implementation of hybrid display concepts as a backup option when unwillingly entering Instrument Flight Conditions could be a solution for preventing SD in novice pilots.

Psicologia e fotografia Comignoli sognanti e comignoli guerrieri

The article covers two aspects related to Psychology and Art. The first aspect concerns the similarities found between photography and various Schools of experimental psychology. For instance, the scientists of Psychology of ethological theory , and Non-verbal communication (NVC), observe with particular methodologies the non-verbal messages that animals and humans transmit to their peers through expressions, posture, gestures. The same is done by photographers (those who use the “camera” with a good knowledge of the medium and a “photographic eye”) when they look around, careful to catch an expression, any unusual attitude, or a gesture of friendship. Another School of psychology, the Gestalpsychologie ( Gestalt : form, figure, configuration), attributes a decisive value to the perception of space, the foreground and the background, the perspective and vanishing points, the contrast between black and white. All aspects that effectively interest psychologists just as much as photographers. Finally, the second aspect relates to the art of Antony Gaudi and makes some hypothesis about the personality and behavior of the great architect, with regard to the construction of two houses, Casa Batllo and Casa Mila: particularly because of the configuration or Gestalt of the chimneys that dominate the two buildings. In this study, cooperate each other psychological analysis and the art of photography. The last enables us to study also the details of the work of Gaudi, as can be seen in the pictures of this essay.