Unstable Support Surface Research Articles

The Effect of Unstable Support Surface Changes on Upper and Lower Limbs on Core Stabilizing Muscle Activation during Plank Exercise

The Effect of Unstable Support Surface Changes on Upper and Lower Limbs on Core Stabilizing Muscle Activation during Plank Exercise

The Static Balance On Unstable Support Surfaces In Elderly People With Mild Cognitive Impairment

The Static Balance On Unstable Support Surfaces In Elderly People With Mild Cognitive Impairment

Effects of Bilateral Arm Motor Coordination Exercises Conducted on Unstable Support Surfaces on Leg Muscle Activity and Balance in Stroke Patients

Effects of Bilateral Arm Motor Coordination Exercises Conducted on Unstable Support Surfaces on Leg Muscle Activity and Balance in Stroke Patients

Correction to: 'Assessing the stability of human locomotion: a review of current measures' (2013) by Bruijn et al.

Open AccessMoreSectionsView PDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Cite this article Bruijn S. M., Meijer O. G., Beek P. J. and van Dieën J. H. 2023Correction to: ‘Assessing the stability of human locomotion: a review of current measures’ (2013) by Bruijn et al.J. R. Soc. Interface.202023020720230207http://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2023.0207SectionOpen AccessCorrectionCorrection to: ‘Assessing the stability of human locomotion: a review of current measures’ (2013) by Bruijn et al. S. M. Bruijn S. M. Bruijn http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0290-2131 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , O. G. Meijer O. G. Meijer http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8394-6859 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , P. J. Beek P. J. Beek http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-8548 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and J. H. van Dieën J. H. van Dieën http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7719-5585 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author S. M. Bruijn S. M. Bruijn http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0290-2131 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , O. G. Meijer O. G. Meijer http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8394-6859 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , P. J. Beek P. J. Beek http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-8548 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and J. H. van Dieën J. H. van Dieën http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7719-5585 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Published:03 May 2023https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2023.0207This article corrects the followingReview ArticleAssessing the stability of human locomotion: a review of current measureshttps://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0999 S. M. Bruijn, O. G. Meijer, P. J. Beek and J. H. van Dieën volume 10issue 83Journal of The Royal Society Interface06 June 2013 J. R. Soc. Interface 10, 20120999. (Published online 6 June 2013) (https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0999) An attentive reader pointed out a mistake in our paper. On page 6 the paper reads ‘Chang et al. [95] reported that walking over an unstable support surface increases values of λS, but not of λL.’, which actually should have read: ‘Chang et al. [95] reported that walking over an unstable support surface decreases values of λL, but not of λS.’. This mistake does not further influence the conclusions we reach regarding these stability measures. Previous Article VIEW FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD PDF FiguresRelatedReferencesDetailsRelated articlesAssessing the stability of human locomotion: a review of current measures06 June 2013Journal of The Royal Society Interface This IssueMay 2023Volume 20Issue 202 Article InformationDOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2023.0207PubMed:37132230Published by:Royal SocietyOnline ISSN:1742-5662History: Manuscript received11/04/2023Manuscript accepted11/04/2023Published online03/05/2023 License:© 2023 The Authors.Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. Citations and impact Subjectsbiomechanics

The effect of a gait and balance training program on an unstable mudflats surface in older adults: A randomized controlled pilot study.

Balance training on an unstable support surface has been known to improve postural control. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a gait and balance training program on an unstable mudflats surface in older adults. A total of 28 older people were assigned to participate in a gait and balance training program on an unstable mudflats surface (experimental group) or on firm ground (control group). All participants received the training program for 55 minutes per session, 2 sessions per day for 5 days. The primary outcomes were the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and single-leg stance (SLS) test. Secondary outcomes were Timed Up and Go (TUG), 10-meter walk test (10MWT), Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES), Motricity Index (MI) of the lower extremities, and medical research council (MRC) scale of lower extremities. SLS with eyes open and the MRC of the left and right ankles showed a large effect size whereas the MI of the left and right lower extremities and MRC of the left and right knees showed a medium effect size in the experimental group. Intergroup differences in changes from baseline to after the exercise program included a large effect size of the SLS with eye open and MI of the right lower extremity and a medium effect size of the MI of the left lower extremity and MRC of the right ankle and left hip. Muscle strength and balance of older people could be improved with gait and balance training on an unstable mudflat surface.

지지면 변화에 따른 네발기기 자세 운동이 뭇갈래근과 척추세움근의 두께 및 근 긴장도에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of quadruped exercise according to the change of the support surface on the muscle thickness and muscle tone of the multifidus and erector spinae muscles. Thity healthy adults (16 males and 14 females) voluntarily participated in the experiment. The Q (Quadruped) and Q-L (Quadruped-Lifting right leg) exercises were performed on a stable support surface; whereas the Q-LT (Quadruped-Lifting right leg using TOGU dynamic airchusion) and Q-LS (Quadruped-Lifting right leg using Sling) exercises were performed on an unstable support surface. Outcome measurement included muscle thickness and muscle tone measurement using ultrasound equipment and Myoton, respectively. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for data analysis. The result of the study showed that in Q-L, Q-LT, and Q-LS, the muscle thickness of the multifidus and erector spinae was significantly increased compared to Q (p<.05). The muslce tone of the multifidus in Q-LT and Q-LS, increased compared to Q (p<.05). The muscle tone of the erector spinae muscle was significantly increased in Q-L, Q-LT and Q-LS compared to Q (p<.05). The muscle thickness was significantly increased in the unstable support surfaces in Q-LT and Q-LS compared to the stable support surfaces of Q and Q-L (p<.05). However, a significant difference between Q-LT and Q-LS was absent, which were the unstable support surfaces. Therefore, the results of this study showed that the quadruped exercise was more effective on an unstable support surface. This result can be used as useful data for the prescription and application of various exercises in clinical practice.

Retracted: Effect of Core Stability Training on Unstable Support Surfaces in Postoperative Rehabilitation of Thoracolumbar Vertebral Compression Fractures in the Elderly

Retracted: Effect of Core Stability Training on Unstable Support Surfaces in Postoperative Rehabilitation of Thoracolumbar Vertebral Compression Fractures in the Elderly

Effects of an 8-week lunge exercise on an unstable support surface on lower-extremity muscle function and balance in middle-aged women.

This study aimed to develop a more effective exercise program for lower extremity muscle function by evaluating the effects of an 8-week lunge exercise performed on an unstable support surface on lower extremity muscle function, body composition, and body balance in middle-aged women. Twenty participants were divided into two groups (control group: exercise on a stable support surface, n=10; experimental group: exercise on an unsta ble support surface, n=10). Each participant performed the exercise program for 8 weeks (three sessions a week, 50 min/session). The results revealed that body fat percentage decreased significantly in the experimental group (p&lt;0.01). Additionally, lower-extremity muscle mass and function increased significantly in both groups (p&lt;0.05), but with no significant difference between the groups. Moreover, the results of the static and dynamic balance tests indicated that balance improved in both groups, with significantly greater improvements in the experimental group than in the control group (p&lt;0.05). Lunge exercise on stable and unstable support surfaces improves muscle function and static balance in middle-aged women. In particular, lunge exercise on an unstable support surface was more effective at reducing body fat than lunge exercise on a stable support surface and was also found to improve dynamic balance. Therefore, a program consisting of lunge exercises on an unstable support surface may be suitable for body improvements in middle-aged women.

Effects of Plank Exercise in Different Unstable Support Surface on Thickness of Abdominal Muscles

Effects of Plank Exercise in Different Unstable Support Surface on Thickness of Abdominal Muscles

Effects of Lower Extremity Training on Unstable Surfaces on Muscular Strength and Balance in Middle-aged Women

Purpose: This study examines the influence of lower extremity muscular training on stable supporting surfaces and unstable supporting surfaces on muscle strength and balance in middle-aged women. It aims to contribute to the design of a lower extremity exercise program for middle-aged females. Methods: In this study, 20 middle-aged women were randomly assigned into two groups―experimental group (ET, n = 10) and control group (CT, n = 10)―and tested at baseline and at the 8-week follow-up. Subjects in both groups were put on a lower extremity training program 2 times per week for 8 weeks. The intensity was set at 40%-50% intensity of 1RM for weeks 1-2, 50%-60% intensity of 1RM for weeks 3-6, and 60%-70% intensity of 1RM for weeks 7-8, with 10-15 repetitions. Subjects in the ET exercised on unstable surfaces, while those in the control group exercised on stable surfaces. Conclusion: In this study, the static balance was significantly improved in both the experimental group exercising on the unstable support surface and the control group exercising on the stable support surface. The dynamic balance, which was only improved in the experimental group exercising on the unstable support surface, improved in all directions except the backward. In this study, the strength and endurance of the knee extensors were improved in both the experimental group and the control group, and the strength and endurance of the knee flexors were improved only in the experimental group that exercised on an unstable support surface. Exercises on unstable surfaces further improve knee flexion. Thus, this study suggests that training on unstable support surfaces has a greater favorable effect on muscle strength and balance in middle-aged women than exercise on stable support surfaces.

Electromyographic analysis of the serratus anterior and upper trapezius in closed kinetic chain exercises performed on different unstable support surfaces: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BackgroundMultiple investigations have compared the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the scapular muscles between stable and unstable support surfaces during the execution of closed kinetic chain exercises. However, these comparative analyses have grouped different unstable surfaces (wobble board, BOSU, therapeutic ball, and suspension equipment) into a single data pool, without considering the possible differences in neuromuscular demand induced by each unstable support surface. This study aimed to analyze the individual effect of different unstable support surfaces compared to a stable support surface on scapular muscles EMG activity during the execution of closed kinetic chain exercises.MethodologyA literature search was conducted of the Pubmed Central, ScienceDirect and SPORTDiscus databases. Studies which investigated scapular muscles EMG during push-ups and compared at least two support surfaces were included. The risk of bias of included articles was assessed using a standardized quality assessment form for descriptive, observational and EMG studies, and the certainty of the evidence was measured with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. A random-effects model was used to calculate effect sizes (ES, Hedge’s g).ResultsThirty studies were selected in the systematic review. Of these, twenty-three low-to-high quality studies (498 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. The main analyzes revealed, in decreasing order, greater UT EMG activity during push-ups performed on suspension equipment (ES = 2.92; p = 0.004), therapeutic ball (ES = 1.03; p < 0.001) and wobble board (ES = 0.33; p = 0.003); without effect on the BOSU ball. In addition, no effect was observed for SA on any unstable device. The certainty of the evidence ranged from low to very low due to the inclusion of descriptive studies, as well as high imprecision, inconsistency, and risk of publication bias.ConclusionThese findings could be applied in scapular muscles strengthening in healthy individuals. The use of suspension equipment achieves higher UT activation levels. Conversely, the use of any type of unstable devices to increase the activation levels of the SA in shoulder musculoskeletal dysfunctions is not recommended. These conclusions should be interpreted with caution as the available evidence showed a low to very low certainty of evidence, downgraded mostly by inconsistency and imprecision.

Effect of Lower Trapezius Strengthening Exercise Program on Unstable Support Surface for Neck Pain Patients with Forward Head Posture: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Effect of Lower Trapezius Strengthening Exercise Program on Unstable Support Surface for Neck Pain Patients with Forward Head Posture: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of Respiratory Muscle Strengthening Training on the Pulmonary Function in Chronic Stroke Patients on an Unstable Support Surface

Effects of Respiratory Muscle Strengthening Training on the Pulmonary Function in Chronic Stroke Patients on an Unstable Support Surface

Effect of Unstable Support Surface Position Change on Gluteus Maximus and Quadriceps Activity During Plank Exercise

Effect of Unstable Support Surface Position Change on Gluteus Maximus and Quadriceps Activity During Plank Exercise

The Effect of Core Muscle Strengthening Exercise Using Unstable Support Surface on the Balance Ability and Posture Alignment of 20s Healthy College Student

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of core muscle strengthening training and core exercise on unstable support on the balance and posture alignment of 20s healthy college student METHODS: twelven college student were randomly assigned to perform core muscle training for six college student, and six college student were exercised on an unstable surface. Two groups were conducted three times a week for 30 minutes. Dynamic balance and posture alignment were measured before and after the experiment. Results: There was a statistically significant difference dynamic balance and posture alignment in the group trained on the unstable support surface (p<.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, exercise on an unstable support surface is an effective method for improving posture alignment and dynamic balance in healthy adults in their twenties.

Core Stability Exercises Yield Multiple Benefits for Patients With Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study examined the effect of core stability exercises on trunk control, core muscle strength, standing weight-bearing symmetry, and balance confidence of people with chronic stroke. This was an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial involving 84 ambulatory patients with middle cerebral artery stroke, randomly assigned to three training groups. Two experimental groups practiced core stability exercises either on stable or on unstable support surfaces. In contrast, the control group received standard physiotherapy. All the participants underwent an hour-long training session a day, thrice a week over a 6-wk duration, and followed-up after 12 mos. Trunk Impairment Scale, core muscle strength, weight-bearing asymmetry in standing, and Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale were the outcome measures. Compared with the control group, the two experimental groups demonstrated a significant improvement on all the outcome measures from baseline to posttraining and from baseline to 12-mo follow-up (P < 0.001). The two experimental groups demonstrated no significant difference between them on all the measures (P > 0.05). Core stability exercises on stable and unstable support surfaces are equally beneficial in improving trunk control, core muscle strength, standing weight-bearing symmetry, and balance confidence of ambulatory patients with chronic stroke than the standard physiotherapy.

Effect of Support Surface Quality for the Squat Exercise on Vertical Jump Performance

Background: This study investigated the effect of support surface quality, stable vs unstable, for 6-week long squat exercise program on vertical jump performance. Method: The subjects were 24 healthy students who agreed to participate in this study. They divided into stable support surface group and unstable support surface group randomly. The squat exercise was performed three times of a week for 6 weeks. The height of each jump was measured by the height marked on the grid paper with the middle finger of the subject. Muscle strength was used to measure maximum voluntary isometric and isotonic contraction during knee extension. Balance (eyes-opened and eyes-closed one-leg standing balance tests) was performed alternately on the right and left legs.Results: Vertical jump was significant difference stable support surface group with unstable support surface group. Conclusion: These results indicate that vertical jump of stable support surface group was more improved than unstable support surface group.

Effect of Heel Raise Exercise with NMES on Peroneus Longus Muscle Strength and Postural Control Ability in Subjects with Functional Ankle Instability: Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose: This study examined the effects of heel raise exercises combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on the muscle strength and postural control ability of subjects with functional ankle instability (FAI). Methods: Twenty-two subjects with FAI participated in this study. They were assigned randomly to two groups: 11 each in the NMES and the sham-NMES groups. Heel raise exercise was applied, and NMES electrodes were attached to the peroneus longus muscles. The NMES group applied NMES during the heel raise exercise. NMES was applied for 20 minutes during the heel raise exercise. The heel raise exercise was performed four times a week for five weeks. The muscle strength and balance error scoring system (BESS) were measured before and after the intervention. Results: A comparison of before and after the intervention within the groups revealed improved muscle strength in the NMES and Sh am-NMES groups, but the BESS was improved under all conditions only in the NMES group. The Sham-NMES group showed no im provement in the unstable support surface. Furthermore, when comparing the amount of change before and after the intervention be tween the groups, there were significant differences in the total score and unstable support in the BESS and muscle strength. Conclusion: NMES had a positive effect on the functional activities of the functional ankle instability subjects, such as balancing on an unstable support surface during postural control and increasing muscle strength.

The effects of dual-task training on balance and gross motor function in children with spastic diplegia.

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in dynamic balance and gross motion function when dual-task training was performed on an unstable support surface by children with spastic diplegia. The subjects of this study were 14 children (experimental group n=7, control group n=7) who were medical diagnosed with spastic diplegia. Both groups were administered treatment for 30 min, 2 times a week for 8 weeks, with the experimental group performing dual-task exercise in which cognitive tasks related to daily living were performed while maintaining balance on an unstable surface, and the control group being administered neurodevelopmental treatment. Balance and gross motor function Assessments were conducted before intervention and after 8 weeks of intervention. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to analyze changes in balance, gross motor function in the group, and the Mann–Whitney test was conducted to compare the differences between the two groups before and after intervention. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in both groups when balance in a sitting position and gross motor function (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in balance and gross motor function assessment (P<0.05). Based on the results of this study, it was confirmed that dual-task training improves balance, gross motor function in children with spastic diplegia. Therefore, dual-task training may be considered as an effective method of intervention method in the functional aspect of children with spastic diplegia.

The effect of Estonian folk dance practice on static balance performance in young females

The aim of the present study was to establish the changes that occur in dancers’ static body balance indicators during rest, in case of interfering factors and in stress condition. The sample consisted of 14 advanced female folk dancers at the age of 16–20 years. The participants’ static body balance was measured at the beginning (in the autumn) and at the end (in the spring) of the eight-month dancing period. Static body balance indicators were registered on a dynamographic platform within 30 seconds, standing on bipedal on stable and unstable support surface in eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) conditions. The Flamingo test balance control, the balance control after spinning around and jumping tests were conducted only in EO condition. The following parameters were registered: the movements of the centre of pressure (CoP) in the anterior-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) dimensions; the length, speed and area of the trajectory. According to the study, folk dancers’ CoP movements in the AP and ML dimensions, measured in different conditions (EO, EC), on stable and unstable support surface, did not change significantly after the eight-month dancing practice. The young folk dancers’ static body balance, assessed by CoP movement trajectory, speed and area, improved considerably over the eight-month training period. Flamingo test results indicate that practising folk dance develops the young female folk dancers’ right and left side static stability equally. In the context of Estonian folk dance practice, including preparation for performing at dance festival, the young female folk dancers’ balance performance improved both in vestibular instability (spins, standing on unstable support surface and in EO condition) and fatigue (jumping test) conditions.