Unreported Species Research Articles

Hyperexpansion of genetic diversity and metabolic capacity of extremophilic bacteria and archaea in ancient Andean lake sediments

BackgroundThe Andean Altiplano hosts a repertoire of high-altitude lakes with harsh conditions for life. These lakes are undergoing a process of desiccation caused by the current climate, leaving terraces exposed to extreme atmospheric conditions and serving as analogs to Martian paleolake basins. Microbiomes in Altiplano lake terraces have been poorly studied, enclosing uncultured lineages and a great opportunity to understand environmental adaptation and the limits of life on Earth. Here we examine the microbial diversity and function in ancient sediments (10.3–11 kyr BP (before present)) from a terrace profile of Laguna Lejía, a sulfur- and metal/metalloid-rich saline lake in the Chilean Altiplano. We also evaluate the physical and chemical changes of the lake over time by studying the mineralogy and geochemistry of the terrace profile.ResultsThe mineralogy and geochemistry of the terrace profile revealed large water level fluctuations in the lake, scarcity of organic carbon, and high concentration of SO42--S, Na, Cl and Mg. Lipid biomarker analysis indicated the presence of aquatic/terrestrial plant remnants preserved in the ancient sediments, and genome-resolved metagenomics unveiled a diverse prokaryotic community with still active microorganisms based on in silico growth predictions. We reconstructed 591 bacterial and archaeal metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), of which 98.8% belonged to previously unreported species. The most abundant and widespread metabolisms among MAGs were the reduction and oxidation of S, N, As, and halogenated compounds, as well as aerobic CO oxidation, possibly as a key metabolic trait in the organic carbon-depleted sediments. The broad redox and CO2 fixation pathways among phylogenetically distant bacteria and archaea extended the knowledge of metabolic capacities to previously unknown taxa. For instance, we identified genomic potential for dissimilatory sulfate reduction in Bacteroidota and α- and γ-Proteobacteria, predicted an enzyme for ammonia oxidation in a novel Actinobacteriota, and predicted enzymes of the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle in Planctomycetota, Gemmatimonadota, and Nanoarchaeota.ConclusionsThe high number of novel bacterial and archaeal MAGs in the Laguna Lejía indicates the wide prokaryotic diversity discovered. In addition, the detection of genes in unexpected taxonomic groups has significant implications for the expansion of microorganisms involved in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur.EPcqnK6xUD66cr6MUL2q3UVideo

Morphological and Phylogenetic Characterization of Trichomerium koreanum sp. nov. and Exophiala radicis Belonging to Chaetothyriales Fungi in Korea

The order Chaetothyriales encompasses black yeasts and related fungi known for their diverse morphologies, asexual reproduction, and habitat preferences. In this study, we isolated two fungal strains belonging to Chaetothyriales, designated KNUF-23-13A and KNUF-22-020, from a longhorn beetle (Cyrtoclytus capra) and soil sample, respectively, in Korea. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions and partial sequences of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA, β-tubulin (TUB2), and actin (ACT) genes revealed that the strains were grouped with strains of Trichomerium and Exophiala, respectively. For strain KNUF-23-13A, cultural and morphological differences were observed in the shape and size of mycelium between it and its phylogenetically closest species, Trichomerium lapideum CGMCC 3.17311T, supporting the novelty of this isolated species. In the case of strain KNUF-22-020, the cultural and morphological characteristics were similar to those previously reported for E. radicis P2854T. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, we revealed KNUF-23-13A as a novel species, which we describe and name T. koreanum sp. nov., and KNUF-22-020 as Exophiala radicis, a previously unreported species in Korea.

Records of Isistius sp. (Elasmobranchii: Squaliformes: Dalatiidae), from the Azores archipelago, inferred by fresh bite marks in dolphins

The marine waters around the Azores archipelago have been studied for quite a long time. Deeper areas, however, were historically poorly accessible and only now previously unreported species are recorded regularly. Our monitoring efforts of the Azorean ichthyofauna have recently revealed two cases of indirect evidence of the presence of a cookiecutter shark (Isistius sp.). The evidence, documented photographically, was in the form of explicit bite marks on two dolphins representing two separate species: the Atlantic spotted dolphin, Stenella frontalis (Cuvier, 1829) and the short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis Linnaeus, 1758. The two dolphins swam close to Terceira Island. No specimens have yet been collected. The shape, and size of the wounds observed suggest that they were inflicted by a cookiecutter shark. The fresh state of the injuries suggests they were sustained recently in the proximity of the Azores.

Noble Gas Anions: An Overview of Strategies and Bonding Motifs.

This review article aims to provide an overview of the strategies employed to prepare noble gas anions under different environments and experimental conditions, and of the bonding motifs typically occurring in these species. Observed systems include anions fixed into synthesized salts, detected in the gas phase or in high-pressure devices. The major role of the theoretical calculations is also highlighted, not only in support of the experiments, but also as effective in predicting still unreported species. The chemistry of noble gas anions overall appears as a varied and rich paint, offering fascinating opportunities for both experimentalists and theoreticians.

Some Additional Information on the Ethnobotany of Rajasthan

This paper attempts to document the ethnobotanical information of some thirty unreported species of Sariska National Park located in the Aravalli hills of eastern Rajasthan. Out of 30 species, 22 are of medicinal and 8 species are of food value.

Phylogenetic Assessment of Understudied Families in Hymenochaetales (Basidiomycota, Fungi)—Reporting Uncovered Species and Reflecting the Recent Taxonomic Updates in the Republic of Korea

Hymenochaetales Oberw. is an order classified in Basidiomycota of Fungi, and species in this order display notable diversity. They exhibit various fruiting body shapes, including clavarioid, effused-reflexed, and resupinate basidiomes. Few mycorrhizal species have been reported in Hymenochaetales, but wood-decaying species dominate the order. Hymenochaetaceae Imazeki & Toki and Schizoporaceae Jülich are the most species-rich families within Hymenochaetales, and most species in the Republic of Korea belong to these two families. As such, current taxonomic classification and nomenclature are not reflected upon species in the remaining Hymenochaetales families. For this study, a multifaceted morphological and multigenetic marker-based phylogenetic investigation was conducted to, firstly, comprehensively identify understudied Hymenochaetales specimens in Korea and, secondly, reflect the updates on the species classification. Five genetic markers were assessed for the phylogenetic analysis: nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA (nSSU), internal transcribed spacer (ITS), nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (nLSU), RNA polymerase II subunit 2 gene (RPB2), and translation elongation factor 1 gene (TEF1). The results from phylogenetic analysis supported 18 species classified under eight families (excluding Hymenochaetaceae and Schizoporaceae) in Korea. Species formerly placed in Rickenellaceae and Trichaptum sensu lato have been systematically revised based on recent taxonomic reconstructions. In addition, our findings revealed one new species, Rickenella umbelliformis, and identified five formerly nationally unreported species classified under five understudied families. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of Hymenochaetales diversity and highlight the need for continued research.

16s RNA-based metagenomics reveal previously unreported gut microbiota associated with reactive arthritis and undifferentiated peripheral spondyloarthritis.

Reactive arthritis (ReA) provides a unique opportunity to comprehend how a mucosal infection leads to inflammatory arthritis at a distant site without the apparent invasion of the pathogen. Unfortunately, conventional stool cultures after ReA provide limited information, and there is a dearth of metagenomic studies in ReA. The objective of this study was to identify gut microbiota associated with the development of ReA. Patients with ReA or undifferentiated peripheral spondyloarthritis (UpSpA) were included if they presented within 4 weeks of the onset of the current episode of arthritis. Metagenomic DNA was extracted from the stools of these patients and of 36 age- and sex-similar controls. Sequencing and analysis were done using a standard 16S ribosomal pipeline. Of 55 patients, there was no difference between the gut microbiota of postdiarrheal ReA(n = 20) and of upSpA (n = 35). Comparing the gut microbiota of patients vs healthy controls, the patients had significantly higher alpha and beta diversity measures. After stringency filters, Proteobacteria had high abundance while Firmicutes had lesser as compared with the controls. Six families were overexpressed in patients, while another five were overexpressed in controls. Sixteen genera and 18 species were significantly different between patients and controls. At the species level there was strong association of Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium septicum Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Empedobacter brevis, Roseburia hominis, Bacillus velezensis, and Crassaminicella with ReA. The microbiota of classical gut-associated ReA and upSpA is similar. Patients have higher diversities in their gut microbiota compared with healthy controls. Both known and previously unreported species associated with ReA/upSpA were identified.

Fishing for Phytophthora in watercourses of the highly urbanized Swiss Plateau

Phytophthora species are a cause for concern due to their invasive potential and the damage they can cause in agriculture, forestry, and natural ecosystems worldwide. Since water plays a crucial role in their dispersal, stream and river baiting is commonly used to survey risk areas for the presence of quarantine Phytophthora species. However, our understanding of the distribution and diversity of Phytophthora species in European watercourses remains incomplete. This study investigated the presence and diversity of Phytophthora species in Swiss watercourses, with a focus on the highly urbanized Swiss Plateau. Over the period 2012–2016, we sampled 32 watercourses, including major rivers and smaller streams. We isolated Phytophthora on selective media and sequenced the internal transcribed spacer region to identify the species. We recovered 241 Phytophthora isolates, representing 11 species from five major clades. Phytophthora clade 6 prevailed, with P. lacustris being the most common, found in 94.7% of the watercourses. The number of Phytophthora species per watercourse ranged from one to five, with no correlation to watercourse complexity. Our study reveals the presence of six previously unreported species in Switzerland, while known invasive species were not found. Watercourses appear less suited to detect invasive pathogenic Phytophthora species with a still limited distribution in the environment.

Revisiting the phylogenetic status of a field crab (Decapoda, Brachyura) from Chelari, Malappuram District (Kerala, India): an integrative approach through morphological and molecular taxonomy

Abstract The phylogeny of field crabs has been under profuse discussion for several decades. At this juncture, this paper reassesses the “decades old” phylogenetic status of an edible field crab, hitherto referred to as Paratelphusa hydrodromous, inhabiting the paddy fields of Chelari village (Kerala, India). After Alcock’s (1910) description, there has hardly been any serious attempt at ascertaining its precise taxonomic status. Through an integrated approach, using parsimony analysis and molecular methods, the present study reveals the candidate form’s (species’) closer affinity to the genus Oziotelphusa. Comparison of morphological and molecular characteristics with its closest phylogenetic neighbours (O. biloba, O. wagrakarowensis, O. kerala and O. aurantia) has shown that the candidate form is a taxonomically distinct entity, qualified to be considered as an unreported species; its suggested revised nomenclature is Oziotelphusa chelarensis, reminiscent of the village Chelari. Further, the paper views the relevance of this taxonomic study from conservational angles as well.

The Study of Bluetongue Virus (BTV) and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV) Circulation and Vectors at the Municipal Parks and Zoobotanical Foundation of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil (FPMZB-BH).

Bluetongue Virus (BTV) and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV) are Orbiviruses primarily transmitted by their biological vector, Culicoides spp. Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). These viruses can infect a diverse range of vertebrate hosts, leading to disease outbreaks in domestic and wild ruminants worldwide. This study, conducted at the Belo Horizonte Municipal Parks and Zoobotany Foundation (FPMZB-BH), Minas Gerais, Brazil, focused on Orbivirus and its vectors. Collections of Culicoides spp. were carried out at the FPMZB-BH from 9 December 2021 to 18 November 2022. A higher prevalence of these insects was observed during the summer months, especially in February. Factors such as elevated temperatures, high humidity, fecal accumulation, and proximity to large animals, like camels and elephants, were associated with increased Culicoides capture. Among the identified Culicoides spp. species, Culicoides insignis Lutz, 1913, constituted 75%, and Culicoides pusillus Lutz, 1913, 6% of the collected midges, both described as competent vectors for Orbivirus transmission. Additionally, a previously unreported species in Minas Gerais, Culicoides debilipalpis Lutz, 1913, was identified, also suspected of being a transmitter of these Orbiviruses. The feeding preferences of some Culicoides species were analyzed, revealing that C. insignis feeds on deer, Red deer (Cervus elaphus) and European fallow deer (Dama dama). Different Culicoides spp. were also identified feeding on humans, raising concerns about the potential transmission of arboviruses at the site. In parallel, 72 serum samples from 14 susceptible species, including various Cervids, collected between 2012 and 2022 from the FPMZB-BH serum bank, underwent Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) testing for BTV and EHDV. The results showed 75% seropositivity for BTV and 19% for EHDV. Post-testing analysis revealed variations in antibody presence against BTV in a tapir and a fallow deer and against EHDV in a gemsbok across different years. These studies confirm the presence of BTV and EHDV vectors, along with potential virus circulation in the zoo. Consequently, implementing control measures is essential to prevent susceptible species from becoming infected and developing clinical diseases.

The Range Potential of North American Tree Species in Europe

European forest ecosystems are projected to change severely under climate change especially due to an anticipated decline in the distribution of major tree species in Europe. Therefore, the adaptation of European forests appears necessary and urgent. While spontaneous adaptation mechanisms bear a large self-guided potential, we focus on quantifying the potential of management-guided mechanisms. Besides other possible tree species groups for adaptation, non-native tree species from North America have a long tradition in Europe, yet their full distribution potential is not completely revealed. We applied an ensemble species distribution model approach to six North American species, using combined occurrence data from the native and naturalized ranges to gain more insights into the species suitability in the introduced area in 2070 (2061–2080) under the emission scenarios RCP 4.5 and 8.5. Our findings support the assumption that there is unreported species potential in the introduced area beyond their current distribution. Next to northeastern range shifts projected for all species, we identified Abies grandis, Liriodendron tulipifera, Quercus rubra, and Robinia pseudoacacia with increasing range potentials in the future. P. ponderosa and P. menziesii var. menziesii are projected to show a steady and decreased range potential under RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively.

New records of hard-bottom polychaete species in the central Adriatic Sea

Adriatic Sea is a diverse marine ecosystem that supports a rich biodiversity of polychaete species on soft and hard-bottoms, with 764 recorded species in the latest inventory list. Benthic surveys conducted in 2018 in the hard-bottom infralittoral zone on the east coast of the central Adriatic Sea revealed one previously unreported species for the Adriatic Sea, Syllis kabilica Ben-Eliahu, 1977 (Syllidae), as well as two species reported for the first time in the eastern Adriatic Sea, Syllis tyrrhena (Licher and Kuper, 1998) (Syllidae), and Streblosoma nogueirai Lezzi and Giangrande, 2019 (Terebellidae). Furthermore, one alien species was identified, Lysidice collaris Grube, 1868 (Eunicidae). These findings provide new insights into the distribution and diversity of polychaete fauna in the Adriatic Sea.

Accumulation of Fungal Pathogens Infecting the Invasive Spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula.

In the eastern United States, populations of the invasive spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, are abundant and spreading. Four species of naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungi have previously been reported as infecting these planthoppers, with two of these causing epizootics. Nymphal- and adult-stage lanternflies in Pennsylvania and New York were surveyed for entomopathogenic fungal infections from October 2021 to November 2023, and assays were conducted to confirm the pathogenicity of species that were potentially pathogenic. Beauveria bassiana was the most abundant pathogen, but we report an additional 15 previously unreported species of entomopathogenic fungi infecting spotted lanternflies, all in the order Hypocreales (Ascomycota). The next most common pathogens were Fusarium fujikuroi and Sarocladium strictum. While infection prevalence by species was often low, probably impacted to some extent by the summer drought in 2022, together these pathogens caused a total of 6.7% mortality. A significant trend was evident over time within a season, with low levels of infection among nymphs and higher infection levels in mid- and late-stage adults, the stages when mating and oviposition occur.

Occurrence and Diversity of Yeast Associated with Fruits and Leaves of Two Native Plants from Brazilian Neotropical Savanna

Background: This work studied the occurrence, density, and diversity of yeast species associated with the leaves and fruits of Sabicea brasiliensis and Anacardium humile. Methods: Fragments of leaves and fruits were subjected to maceration and placed under agitation in peptone water. One hundred µL aliquots of each of the decimal dilutions were plated on YM chloramphenicol agar medium. The different morphotypes were identified through sequence analysis of the 26S rDNA. Results: A total of 83 yeast isolates were recovered from the organs sampled, 40 from fruits and 19 from the leaves of S. brasiliensis, while 14 were recovered from fruits and 10 from the leaves of A. humile. The isolates were identified as belonging to two phyla, six classes, eight orders, and eight families. Most isolates, at 71 (84.3%), belong to Ascomycota, with Saccharomycetes dominant in fruits and Dothideomycetes in leaves. The remaining 12 (15.7%) isolates belong to the phylum Basidiomycota. The most frequent genera were Aureobasidium, Candida, Rhodotorula, and Wickerhamiella. The Wickerhamiella isolates made possible the subsequent description of a new species within this genus. Conclusions: Our data reveal the yeast species that inhabit different Cerrado plant organs and indicate that these hosts can be considered an important habitat for yeast diversity, including new and/or previously unreported species in this biome.

Species traits and observer behaviors that bias data assimilation and how to accommodate them.

Datasets that monitor biodiversity capture information differently depending on their design, which influences observer behavior and can lead to biases across observations and species. Combining different datasets can improve our ability to identify and understand threats to biodiversity, but this requires an understanding of the observation bias in each. Two datasets widely used to monitor bird populations exemplify these general concerns: eBird is a citizen science project with high spatiotemporal resolution but variation in distribution, effort, and observers, whereas the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) is a structured survey of specific locations over time. Analyses using these two datasets can identify contradictory population trends. To understand these discrepancies and facilitate data fusion, we quantify species-level reporting differences across eBird and the BBS in three regions across the United States by jointly modeling bird abundances using data from both datasets. First, we fit a joint Species Distribution Model that accounts for environmental conditions and effort to identify reporting differences across the datasets. We then examine how these differences in reporting are related to species traits. Finally, we analyze species reported to one dataset but not the other and determine whether traits differ between reported and unreported species. We find that most species are reported more in theBBS than eBird. Specifically, we find that compared to eBird, BBS observers tend to report higher counts of common species and species that are usually detected by sound. We also find that species associated with water are reported less in the BBS. Species typically identified by sound are reported more at sunrise than later in the morning. Our results quantify reporting differences in eBird and theBBS to enhance our understanding of how each captures information and how they should be used. The reporting rates we identify can also be incorporated into observation models through detectability or effort to improve analyses across species and datasets. The method demonstrated here can be used to compare reporting rates across any two or more datasets to examine biases.

Marine top secrets: Ichthyoplankton in surface water uncover hidden knowledge on fish diversity and distribution

Most marine fish species exploit the upper water layers during their early life stages, thus accounting for a considerable component of neuston communities. During this period, the early life stages of fish are subjected to coastal or oceanic currents, and developed and dispersed to ultimate adult habitats according to their specific ecological requirements. Despite the ecological importance of these pelagic communities, knowledge about species assemblages of fish eggs and larvae, particularly in an oligotrophic sea is scarce. To overcome this knowledge gap and to evaluate the contribution of such communities to invasive biology, we collected neuston ichthyoplankton above the coastal, shelf and bathyal waters of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (Israeli coast), an oligotrophic basin prone to a dynamic invasion of tropical biota. To obtain species-level knowledge of fish diversity, we used DNA-based methods that uncovered the presence of 137 species which is one third of the total local Osteichthyes fauna, evidencing that neuston ichthyoplankton can be significantly diverse. In addition, we showed that neuston communities can provide new knowledge regarding cryptic or rare species, and have a potential to contain new non-indigenous species, by documenting fish larvae of three unreported species for the Mediterranean Sea. Last, we posit that ichthyoplankton biomonitoring in surface water layer can provide a holistic perspective regarding fish biodiversity throughout the marine environment.

Molecular Identification and Genetic Characterization of Public Health Threatening Ticks - Chongming Island, China, 2021-2022.

Although ticks and tick-borne diseases are prevalent throughout China, there remains a knowledge gap regarding their biology and potential risk of distribution to human and animal populations on Chongming Island. The island, being China's third largest and a crucial component in the ecological preservation of the Yangtze Delta region, has yet to be comprehensively studied in this context. In this study, employing molecular methodologies, a significant prevalence of Haemaphysalis (H.) longicornis and H. flava ticks - widely recognized for their high pathogenicity - is reported from Chongming Island. Additionally, the identification of two previously unreported species on the island, namely, H. doenitzi and H. japonica, expands our understanding of both the range and evolution of tick species. The populations of humans and animals in nearly all 18 towns on Chongming Island are potentially at risk for transmission of tick-borne infectious agents. As a result, there is a pressing necessity for public health alerts, proactive tick surveillance, and effective screening of suspected clinical cases of tick-borne diseases within the Chongming population.

Diversity and species distribution of lichens in Gwangneung Forest

Gwangneung Forest is a forest area that has been in existence for more than 550 years with a long history of natural and artificial forests in harmony. Lichens are not only a single organism but also a group of basic organisms formed from a stable symbiotic association between a fungus and algae and/or cyanobacteria. They are closely associated with forests and have formed an axis through Gwangneung Forest. From 2016 to 2021, a survey was conducted to investigate the lichen flora distribution by species, focusing on the viewing area within the Korea National Arboretum and the undisclosed research area centered in the Suribong Peak area. As a result of collecting and identifying 246 specimens, 68 species of lichens were identified in 11 orders, 22 families, and 39 genera. The tree with the largest number of lichens was Koelreuteria paniculata , followed by Sophora japonica , Ginkgo biloba , and Malus sieboldii . In trees belonging to Aceraceae , crustose lichens rather than foliose lichens were mainly found. Through this survey, three unreported species were discovered: Lepraria cupressicola , Leprocaulon nicholsiae , and Graphis pinicola . Lepraria cupressicola and Leprocaulon nicholsiae were distributed throughout the arboretum viewing area and Graphis pinicola was identified only in one viewing area.

Urinary Microbiome of Reproductive-Age Asymptomatic European Women.

The knowledge of bacterial species diversity within the female urinary microbiome (FUM) is essential for understanding the role of the FUM in urinary tract health and disease. This study aimed to characterize the bacterial species diversity of the FUM of asymptomatic reproductive-age European women by combining extended culturomics and long-read sequencing of the near-full-length 16S rRNA gene. A total of 297 bacterial species (median of 53 species/sample) were identified, yet only 22% of the species were detected by both culture and sequencing methods. Recently recognized Gardnerella, Lactobacillus, and Limosilactobacillus species and 5 new putative Corynebacterium species were identified by culturomics, while anaerobic species (e.g., 11 Peptoniphilus spp.) were mostly detected by amplicon sequencing. Notably, there was not a single species common to all samples, although members of the genus Lactobacillus were detected in all. Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus iners, and Lactobacillus mulieris were observed in high relative abundance in several samples, as well as other species (e.g., Streptococcus agalactiae, Fannyhessea vaginae, Gardnerella vaginalis, Gardnerella swidsinskii), while low-abundance members (e.g., Finegoldia magna) were often more prevalent. A moderate correlation (Mantel test; r = 0.5) between community structure types captured by culturomics and amplicon sequencing was observed, highlighting the benefit of combining both methodologies. This study provided a detailed FUM structure at the species level, which is critical to unveil the potential relationship between specific microbiome members and urinary diseases/disorders. Moreover, the different capacity to characterize microbiome profiles of culturomic and amplicon sequencing is described, providing valuable insights for further urinary microbiome studies. IMPORTANCE The bacterial species diversity within the female urinary microbiome (FUM) has been insufficiently characterized. This study demonstrated that complementarity between optimized culture-dependent and -independent approaches is highly beneficial for comprehensive FUM species profiling by detecting higher FUM species diversity than previously reported, including identification of unreported species belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, and Latilactobacillus and putative novel Corynebacterium species. Although some species were present in high relative abundance, low-abundance members were more prevalent. FUM classification into community structure types demonstrated high interindividual differences in urinary microbiome composition among asymptomatic women. We also report moderate correlation between culture-dependent and -independent derived data-highlighting drawbacks of each methodological approach. Our findings suggest that FUM bacterial diversity reported from previous studies may be underestimated. Finally, our results contribute to the fundamental knowledge of the FUM required for further exploration of the urinary microbiome role in urinary tract diseases.

An integrative approach method reveals the presence of a previously unreported species of Imparfinis Eigenmann and Norris 1900 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) in Argentina

An integrative approach method reveals the presence of a previously unreported species of <i>Imparfinis</i> Eigenmann and Norris 1900 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) in Argentina