Unrelated Regression Analysis Research Articles

Does technological progress mode affect just energy transition? A seemingly unrelated regression analysis based on Chinese provincial panel data

Just energy transition (JET) refers to the process of shifting from fossil-fuel-based energy systems to more sustainable and renewable energy sources in a manner that is inclusive and socially fair. Technological progress is a key driver of the energy transition. Selecting an appropriate technological progress mode (TPM) to drive JET that harmonizes environmental conservation with employment stability is crucial for economies to achieve sustainable development. Based on seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) analysis, this research uses provincial panel data of China from 2001 to 2020 to examine the effects and underlying mechanisms of various TPMs on JET. We first construct a translog cost function incorporating four TPMs, including technology import, technology transformation, cooperative research and development (R&D), and independent R&D. The study then systematically estimates and contrasts the factor bias and utilization tendencies associated with these TPMs. The findings indicate that (1) technology import does not directly facilitate JET as it leads to neutral technological progress; (2) technology transformation and cooperative R&D, associated with energy-biased technological progress, exhibit a tendency toward energy use and labor saving, which hinders JET; (3) independent R&D, linked with labor-biased technological progress, demonstrates a labor-using and energy-saving orientation, which supports JET; (4) the adverse effects of technology transformation and cooperative R&D on JET can be mitigated through enhanced environmental regulation, increased environmental taxation, and the provision of low-carbon subsidies. We offer policy recommendations for the Chinese government in promoting TPMs that foster JET while also providing insights and experiences that are beneficial to economies at various development stages in their pursuit of JET.

Dynamic role of medium- and high-tech industries and environmental policy stringency in environmental sustainability: fresh insights from Dynamic Seemingly Unrelated Regression (DSUR) analysis.

Since the last two decades, carbon neutrality has become a primary target of all economies. Governmental environmental policies stand as the most potent tools in the arsenal when it comes to tempering the effects of climate change. Fostering the adoption of green energy sources and embracing energy efficiency principles may assume an essential role in upholding the standard of ecological integrity. The primary objective of this inquiry revolves around the meticulous analysis of the intricate interplay between economic growth, the trajectory of industrialization, the up-gradation of industrial sector structure, the integration of green energy paradigms, and the implementation of energy efficiency strategies and environmental policies in the frame spanning from 2000 to 2019. To tackle the matter of cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity, second-generation cointegration estimators, Dynamic Seemingly Unrelated Regression (DSUR) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG), were employed to estimate long-run relationships. The consequences of DSUR and AMG indicate that while economic and industrial growth contributes to environmental degradation, renewable energy usage, and medium-high-tech industries mitigate the carbon emissions in selected countries. Further study results suggest that energy intensity positively impacts environmental degradation, which means energy efficiency helps mitigate CO2 emissions in these countries. This study also reveals that the degree of stringency in environmental policy negatively affects CO2 releases in the selected nations. Consequently, our study recommends the enhancement of the stringency of environmental policies, promoting environmentally friendly energy usage, the efficient use of energy, and the advancement of industries into medium-high-tech industries as effective ways to mitigate climate change in specific developing countries.

The mediating role of intellectual capital on the nexus between diversification, financial stability and efficiency of commercial banks in Ethiopia

PurposeThe main objective of this study is to analyze the mediating role of intellectual capital in the relationship between diversification, financial stability, and efficiency of the banking sector in Ethiopia.Design/methodology/approachSecondary data for this study was obtained from audited financial statements of 17 Ethiopian commercial banks for a decade starting in 2013. A descriptive and explanatory research design with a quantitative research approach was employed. The seemingly unrelated Hierarchical regression analysis is used to estimate diversification’s effect on banks' financial stability and efficiency, considering the interaction between diversification and intellectual capital as a mediating variable.FindingsThe Mediation analysis reveals that asset diversification improves the financial stability of commercial banks when mediated by intellectual efficiency. Investment diversification negatively impacts risk-adjusted return on asset and Z score. Intellectual capital significantly enhances commercial banks' efficiency and financial stability in Ethiopia and mediates the relationship between geographic diversification, financial stability, and efficiency. The mediation analysis also indicates that intellectual capital significantly mediates the relationship between income diversification and efficiency.Practical implicationsThis study highlights the importance of intellectual capital and promotes its strategic allocation by management and regulatory bodies to enhance the financial stability and operational effectiveness of the banking industry in Ethiopia.Originality/value To the best of the researcher’s knowledge, this study is one of the rare attempts to investigate the mediating role of intellectual capital on the nexus between diversification, financial stability, and efficiency of commercial banks in Ethiopia.

Heterogenous Panel Modeling on Foreign Direct Investments in E7 Countries

With the spread of free economy conditions, the increase in the international mobility of capital has led to an increase in the number of economies that want to attract capital and the opportunities it will provide. In addition to this, capital owners have started to use free movement opportunities in order to maximize their own benefits. In this context, the factors affecting foreign direct investments including long-term capital flows have been the subject of many empirical studies. In this study which is carried out within the scope of the annual data of E7 economies for the period of 1992-2021, it is aimed to reveal the relationships between net foreign direct investment inflows and unemployment, liberal democracy, public expenditures, foreign direct investment outflows and short-term borrowing. In the study, in which the heterogeneous panel data method based on seemingly unrelated regression analysis was used, it was determined that the realizations under the influence of the selected independent variables differed by countries, but it was found that all the variables included in the analysis had a decisive role on foreign direct investment inflows.

Does e-agriculture practice matter for poverty reduction among coastal farm households?

The study hypothesizes that e-agriculture practice may contribute to multidimensional poverty reduction in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Two-stage instrumental variable (IV) Tobit and seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) analyses are used to identify the relationship. We collected data from 351 rice producing households applying a multi-stage sampling technique. Results reveal that e-agriculture adoption significantly reduces multidimensional poverty by 32 percentage points compared to non-adoption. Besides, education, farming experience, residence in the peri-urban area, and access to agricultural extension services are identified as positive predictors of e-agriculture adoption. The SUR regressions show that e-agriculture practice can help improve the standard of living of coastal farm households. In addition, multiple cropping patterns significantly contribute to the reduction of all the deprivations of multidimensional poverty. Based on the research outcomes, the study advocates broadening access to extension services to seamlessly incorporate small and marginalized farm households in remote coastal areas. Such integration may equip coastal communities with comprehensive insights into e-agriculture, thereby empowering them to fully leverage the advantages inherent in this farming technique.

Development of Seemingly Unrelated Regression Analysis with Dummy Variables: Modeling the Relationship of Student Learning Outcome Indicators

This research aims to develop a seemingly unrelated regression model with dummy variables to determine the relationship between factors that influence student learning outcomes in each subject which includes Religious Education, Citizenship, Indonesian, English, Mathematics, Sciences, Social Science, Cultural Arts, Physical Education and Crafts. This research is applied sciences using primary data obtained through a list of questions (questionnaire) given to class IX students at SMP Negeri 42 Batam. The predictor variables of this research include students' creativity, motivation, interests, talents, support from parents, friends and school where interests are the intercept dummy for this research. The results of the research show that there is a positive relationship between interest and the value of each subject and parental support in 9 subjects, but there is a negative relationship between school support in 8 subjects. Creativity and motivation have no relationship in every subject. The regression model obtained was good because 99.6% of the response variables could be explained by the predictor variables. It is hoped that this research will be used as evaluation material for students, parents and schools to improve learning outcomes where class IX students will of course pursue higher education the following year.

Perceived Obstacles in Land Use Change for Hybrid Sweetgum Plantations: Landowner Opinions from the South Central United States

Abstract Hybrid sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua × L. formosana) has received considerable attention as a potential feedstock for traditional and nontraditional forest-based enterprises due to its fast growth and large specific gravity. However, the perceptions of landowners are important to understand the degree of acceptance concerning land use change to consider this opportunity in the United States. We administered a survey instrument to three thousand landowners representing the states of Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Arkansas where hybrid sweetgum plantations would be feasible. A seemingly unrelated regression analysis was used to explore the attributes that may influence the environmental and economic obstacles in land use change for hybrid sweetgum plantations. Study results suggest that landowners who perceived higher importance of marketing aspects of hybrid sweetgum expressed greater economic concerns for land use change. In contrast, those having higher planted pine acres had higher environmental concerns about land use change. Female landowners were more concerned than their male counterparts. Landowners need access to accurate information from their trusted sources to make informed management decisions, especially when making decisions to adopt new opportunities such as hybrid sweetgum. Study Implications: Study results reveal the need for outreach to landowners in the south central United States, as many were not aware of fast-growing hardwood species such as hybrid sweetgum. Information on growth potential, economics, and management techniques can help facilitate the adoption of hybrid sweetgum. Field visits and peer-to-peer learning facilitated by early adopters can be effective strategies for outreach.

Estimating the Impact of COVID-19 on International Trade: Cases of Major Countries Using the SUR Model

This study examined the intricate effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on international trade complexity. Focusing on major international trading entities such as Hong Kong, Korea, China, Japan, and the U.S., we evaluated how confirmed COVID-19 cases and government responses influenced trade patterns, particularly in exports and imports. We employed a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) analysis with cyclic regression coefficients to scrutinize changes in trade relationships between 2020 and 2021. Korea serves as the central country for this analysis, and the findings extend to other nations. The results revealed the varied impact of COVID-19 on trade across countries. Exports from Korea to China were correlated with COVID-19 case numbers and government actions in both countries. Additionally, imports from China, Japan, the U.S. and Vietnam—excluding Hong Kong—were significantly influenced by confirmed COVID-19 cases in Korea, reflecting the demand dynamics. Government interventions also played a substantial role in shaping trade patterns. Previous studies have primarily focused on financial markets and supply chains, whereas our study analyzed the changes in trade with Korea’s five largest trading partners: China, the U.S., Japan, Vietnam, and Hong Kong. Notably, we utilized long-term data and changes in major trading partners in Asia over time.

Farm consolidation and turnover dynamics linked to increased crop diversity and higher agricultural input use

ContextCrop-type composition and configuration at field and landscape scales are known to impact ecological functions in agricultural landscapes. However, links between regional farmland structures (e.g., variable farm size, ownership, configuration, etc.), which are important determinants of farm-level management decisions, and subsequent changes in agroecosystem impacts, remain understudied.Objective:To investigate these dynamics, we examined relationships between changing farm structures, as indicated by farm consolidation and persistence, and concurrent changes in crop diversity and agricultural resource use between 2002 and 2018 in Kern County, California.Methods:We integrated parcel-level datasets documenting farm size, operatorship, crop cover, pesticide usage and evapotranspiration rates for 2002 and 2018. We then applied seemingly unrelated regression analyses to quantify potential relationships between these key variables.Results and conclusions:In our study area we observed low (28%) persistence of farm operators from 2002 to 2018 and farm consolidation, as evidenced by a 43% increase in farm midpoint size in the studied time period. We further found significant associations between farm structures and agro-environmental outcomes. A doubling in farm size was associated with an 8% increase in crop diversity, but also with an 18% increase in pesticide-use and a 7% increase in water use at the farm level, raising concerns about the impact of large farms on landscape-scale resource use. Both crop diversity and water use were higher in persistent farms (8% and 11%, respectively) than in replaced or emergent farms. Our findings illustrate how regional shifts in farm size and operatorship may link to changes in crop diversity and resource use. SignificanceGiven continued concerns about the impacts that landscape simplification, pesticide use, and water shortages may have on agroecosystems both in our study region and beyond, our study highlights regional farm structure dynamics as a key element to investigate further and to consider in policies aiming to increase the sustainability of future agricultural landscapes.

A Profile of Positive and Negative Caregiving Experiences Among Canadian Older Adults: The Relevance of Demographic and Care Contexts.

This study examines the predictors of burdens and benefits of informal caregiving to caregivers by examining how demographic characteristics and care contexts simultaneously predict separate scales of positive and negative caregiving experiences. The Caregiving, Aging, and Financial Experiences study is a national survey which examines a representative sample of 4010 Canadians between the ages of 65 and 85, including 1641 informal caregivers that are the focus of the current analysis. Seemingly unrelated regression analyses show that there are similarities as well as differences in predictors between the two caregiving experiences. More frequent involvement in caregiving is associated with greater negative caregiving experiences but those are not significant predictors for less positive caregiving experiences. This study demonstrates that there are some overlaps of determinants of the two caregiving experiences, and a few of them are distinct. Further studies should warrant to identify additional, unobserved factors explaining variance in positive caregiving experience.

A look beyond climate risk exposure: the impact of incapacity to cope with natural hazards on financial development.

We provide a comprehensive cross-country analysis on the impact of national incapacity to cope with natural hazards (i.e., social shocks, political stability, health care, infrastructure, and material security needed to reduce the harmful effects of natural disasters) on financial development. The panel quantile regression analyses on a global sample of 130 countries generally confirm that the financial development of countries with lower capacity to cope is indeed significantly hampered compared to their peers, especially in countries with low financial development levels. Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) analyses, which acknowledge the dynamic co-existence between both financial institutions and financial market sectors in a given economy simultaneously, offer notable finer details. For example, the handicapping effect on both sectors tends to apply to only countries with higher climate risks. Lack of coping capacity also exert negative effects on the development of financial institutions in countries of all levels of income but only affect financial markets of high-income group. The more detailed look into different dimensions (financial efficiency, financial access, and financial depth) of financial development is also given in our study. Overall, our findings highlight the vital and complex role of "coping capacity" aspect of climate risk on the sustainable development of financial sectors.

Seemingly Unrelated Regression Analysis of the Cost and Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes of the REVAMP Randomized Clinical Trial

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the 9-month cost and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes of resistance versus viral load testing strategies to manage virological failure in low-middle income countries. MethodsWe analyzed secondary outcomes from the REVAMP clinical trial: a pragmatic, open label, parallel-arm randomized trial investigating resistance versus viral load testing for individuals failing first-line treatment in South Africa and Uganda. We collected resource data, valued according to local cost data and used the 3-level version of EQ-5D to measure HRQOL at baseline and 9 months. We applied seemingly unrelated regression equations to account for the correlation between cost and HRQOL. We conducted intention-to-treat analyses with multiple imputation using chained equations for missing data and performed sensitivity analyses using complete cases. ResultsFor South Africa, resistance testing and opportunistic infections were associated with statistically significantly higher total costs, and virological suppression was associated with lower total cost. Higher baseline utility, higher cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count, and virological suppression were associated with better HRQOL. For Uganda, resistance testing and switching to second-line treatment were associated with higher total cost, and higher CD4 was associated with lower total cost. Higher baseline utility, higher CD4 count, and virological suppression were associated with better HRQOL. Sensitivity analyses of the complete-case analysis confirmed the overall results. ConclusionResistance testing showed no cost or HRQOL advantage in South Africa or Uganda over the 9-month REVAMP clinical trial.

Comparing the motivations behind wellness tourism in three source markets

This study surveyed 1562 wellness tourists in Finland, the St. Petersburg area, and Lithuania to explore what were their motivations for taking a wellness trip, to investigate what differences there were between different nationalities and determine how wellness tourists could be segmented based on their motivation. As most previous studies analysed wellness tourism motivations in one chosen destination, this study fills the gap in cross-cultural analysis of motivations. Exploratory factor analysis revealed six motivational factors including status, beauty and appearance, personal development, nature and outdoors, socialization, and resting and relaxation, the latter factor being dominant across all nationality groups. Seemingly unrelated regression analysis revealed significant differences in terms of the importance of beautification, improving physical condition, nature, and the desire to indulge in luxury experiences.

UNCOVERING THE POSITIVE ASPECTS OF CAREGIVING: A PROFILE OF CAREGIVERS’ DEMOGRAPHIC AND CARE CONTEXTS

Abstract Burden and benefits of caregiving experiences can coexist. The objective of this research is to describe and compare the predictors of the two intertwined caregiving experiences. This study examines how the variations in caregiving experiences can be explained in terms of both positive and negative aspects of caregiving, respectively by demographic characteristics and care related contexts. The Caregiving, Aging, and Financial Experiences study is a national survey intended to examine social conditions and well-being among a representative sample of 4,010 Canadians between age 65 and 85. Within the sample, 1,641 informal caregivers are the focus of the current analysis. Scales of positive and negative caregiving experiences are employed. Findings based on principal axis factor analysis shows that there is clear separate factor loadings between the positive and negative caregiving experiences. Subsequent seemingly unrelated regression analysis shows that there are similarities as well as differences in predictors between the two caregiving experiences. Lastly, the variance explained differs markedly between the two measures, with over 26% of the variance in negative caregiving accounted for by demographic and caregiving factors, but less than 4% of the variance in positive caregiving. This study demonstrates that positive aspects of caregiving is not simply the flip-side of negative caregiving. Standard predictors do not sufficiently explain positive caregiving as well as negative caregiving. Consequently, greater attention to factors that account for positive aspects of caregiving is warranted for an inclusive understanding of caregiving experiences.

Wellness tourism service preferences and their linkages to motivational factors: a multiple case study

ABSTRACT Responding to the research gap in cross-cultural studies in wellness tourism this study aims to increase the understanding about the differences in wellness tourists’ service preferences in different source markets by investigating how service preferences are associated with motivational factors. Based on 1,562 online survey responses from wellness tourists residing in Finland, Russia (St. Petersburg area), and Lithuania, an exploratory factor analysis and seemingly unrelated regression analysis were performed to analyse the cross-cultural differences. The results revealed that swimming pools, saunas, massages and body care are dominant services for all nationality groups, while services related to Eastern traditions are the least important. However, there are significant differences regarding the importance of services such as beauty treatment, services related to medical wellness, spa and wellness packages among others. An analysis of the associations between service preferences and motivational factors and significant differences in the strength and direction of those associations revealed that wellness tourists from different source markets may be driven by different motivations for choosing the same services.

Effects of meeting steps-based and minutes-based physical activity goals on weight loss in online behavioral weight control: seemingly unrelated regression analysis

ABSTRACT Background Behavioral weight loss programs often prescribe physical activity (PA) goals in terms of minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and steps/day. However, the impact of meeting each type of goal prescription on weight loss is unclear, particularly in digitally-based (eHealth/mHealth) programs. This secondary analysis of a randomized trial examined the effects of meeting steps-based and minutes-based goals on weight loss in an eHealth behavioral weight control program. Methods Adults in the control arm received a 6-month online behavioral weight loss intervention with prescribed weekly goals for daily steps and minutes of MVPA. The number of weeks steps-based and minutes-based goals were met (≥100% and ≥75% thresholds) based on self-reported PA were examined as predictors of 6-month weight loss among those providing weight outcomes (n = 172; 81% of control arm) using a systems regression approach. Results Participants (BMI 35.6 kg/m2; 90.1% female; 48.7 years of age) met weekly goals for MVPA (7.1 ± 6.4 weeks) more often than steps (3.5 ± 5.5 weeks, P < .001). Meeting the steps goals (β = .24, P < .001) and MVPA goals (β = .20, P < .001) were each statistically significant predictors of weight loss at the 100% threshold; their total effects were not statistically different from one another (χ 2 = 1.12, P = .29). Similarly, at the 75% threshold for steps goals (β = .19, P < .001) and MVPA goals (β = .19, P < .001), each independently predicted weight loss; no differences were detected in their total effects (χ2 = .01, P = .92). The probability of reaching ≥5% weight loss was comparable between meeting the steps goals and MVPA goals at both adherence thresholds. Conclusions Greater attainment of PA goals prescribed as steps and minutes of MVPA independently contribute to similar weight loss outcomes in a 6-month online behavioral weight loss intervention. Future research should determine whether promoting adherence to combined steps-based and minutes-based goals produces better weight loss than utilizing either goal alone and identify strategies that improve adherence.

Exploring the dark side of integrity: impact of CEO integrity on firms’ innovativeness, risk-taking and proactiveness

PurposeThis study aims to examine the effect of chief executive officer (CEO) integrity on organizations’ strategic orientation. The authors propose that CEOs who have high degrees of integrity tend to negatively influence each of the three core dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) – innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking. They also argue that this impact of CEO integrity is likely to be stronger for overconfident CEOs and the CEOs with high power. Furthermore, this negative relationship is expected to attenuate when the firm has high customer orientation and when the CEO is compensated with high equity-pay ratio.Design/methodology/approachSeemingly unrelated regression analysis was conducted on panel of 741 firm-year observations of 213 firms across 2014–2017. CEO integrity and each of the three dimensions of EO were measured using content analysis of CEOs’ letters to shareholders. CEO power was measured using CEO stock ownership and CEO duality. CEO overconfidence was measured by using options-based measure. Customer orientation was measured by using content analyses on annual reports. CEO equity-pay based ratio was measured as sum of value of stock and option awards divided by CEO’s total compensation. This study considered alternative measures and performed treatments for potential endogeneity, sample selection bias and outliers.FindingsThe research findings conclude that organizations with CEOs who have high integrity tend to have lower levels of all sub-dimensions of EO – innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking. Further, the results indicate that the negative effect that CEO integrity has, affects one of its dimensions – proactiveness, such that the relation is strengthened when the CEO has high power and is highly overconfident. This negative effect weakens when the CEO is compensated with high equity-pay ratio. The results also indicate that the negative effect of integrity and innovativeness and risk-taking weakens when the firm has high customer orientation.Research limitations/implicationsThe research contributes to upper echelon theory literature by adding to the discussion of how business executives’ psychological traits map onto firm behavior. This research also finds common ground between literature on innovation and upper echelons, contributing to awareness about the drivers of firms’ EO.Practical implicationsThis research addresses the question of firm relation to EO by highlighting that firms’ EO is also shaped by the psychological traits of their CEOs and the interaction of these traits with CEOs’ cognitive biases. Thus, board members of firms led by CEOs with high integrity can limit CEO’s risk-averse behavior by focusing on their training and by creating incentive systems. It is also advantageous for CEOs to understand that integrity is a double-edged sword, thus leveraging the strengths of their integrity, while simultaneously using tools such as training to diminish its negative aspects.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils a twofold identified need to: study the antecedents of each of the three dimensions of EO, not limited to corporate governance; and unearth the counterproductive behaviors associated with bright traits that make up their dark side

Psychological determinants of non-attendees’ resistance toward performing arts

Although enlarging the audience base for the performing arts is necessary, little effort has been made to understand non-attendees in this industry. The current study focuses on non-attendees and aims to answer the following questions: (1) Why are non-attendees reluctant to attend the performing arts? (2) Whom, among them, should be targeted to be converted into attendees? To understand the reasons for non-attendance, we examined psychological factors (i.e., usage, risk and image barriers, and self-image congruence) as determinants of resistance. A survey of 672 non-attendees was conducted and a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) analysis was applied to investigate the mechanism by which psychological factors formulate resistance and attendance intention. We also conducted a clustering analysis to detect heterogeneous sub-groups among non-attendees and suggested a target segment with the highest market potential. The findings of this study provide insights for the performing arts industry to create communication strategies specifically for non-attendees.

An Examination of Excess Wood Pellet Supply in the United States

Abstract The US wood pellet exports—mostly to Europe, Japan, and South Korea—comprised 85 percent of its wood pellet production in the past 20+ years. In this article, we estimate the regional excess supply of wood pellets in the United States using annual data from 1996 to 2021.We use Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) analysis in a profit maximization framework for the South, North, and West regions of the United States. We also include some clean energy policies of the European Union (EU) to examine their potential impact on US wood pellet export volume. Our results show that after application of the low-carbon energy target in the EU, the export volume of the United States has increased, especially in the South region. Elasticity of excess wood pellet supply from the United States was approximately 0.15 in all three regions, and interest rates and energy costs have negative impacts on regional excess supply. Therefore, the recent increase in interest rates and energy costs could slow down the growth of excess supply of wood pellets in the United States.

Residents’ perception of pilgrimage tourism sustainability In mountain regions: The St. James Primitive Way Case in Asturias

The main objective of this research is to evaluate the changes in local conditions in the economic, sociocultural, and environmental perspectives in association with the development of the pilgrimage tourism sector from the perspective of the residents of mountain areas through which the St. James Primitive Way passes in Asturias. The specific objective is to evaluate the sociodemographic factors of such perceived changes using Logit regression analysis and seemingly unrelated regression analysis. The results obtained indicate the following: firstly, that, although the residents positively value the non-overcrowding of pilgrims on this primitive jacobean route, their perceptions detect some negative changes in the surroundings of Pola de Allande and Grandas de Salime related to noise pollution, the management, and treatment of waste and the state of the Jacobean route; secondly, residents perceive the conservation and condition of the St. Jacques’ route as poor and that there are no improvements in infrastructure and public transport services; Finally, thirdly, the impacts of the Primitive Way, today, although positive, are very modest and are mainly limited to two sectors: hospitality and accommodation, which are the activities where employment is being generated. Residents surveyed perceive positive changes in employment and income distribution and negative changes in the evolution of the prices of goods and services and the cost of living.