Unrelated Constructs Research Articles

The Problem of Scale Contamination and Construct Validity in Mental Health, Social Science and Spirituality-Related Research

This article explores the pervasive issue of scale contamination and its impact on construct validity in mental health, social science, and spirituality-related research. Scale contamination occurs when measurement tools designed to assess one specific domain inadvertently incorporate elements from unrelated constructs, leading to confusion regarding what the scale is actually measuring. The blending of distinct psychological domains, such as depression, anxiety and well-being, undermines measurement precision, leading to skewed research conclusions and misguided clinical practices. The failure to detect or address contamination can perpetuate errors in treatment efficacy, particularly in areas such as mental health and spirituality, where precise measurement is crucial. This article emphasizes the importance of ensuring construct validity, which refers to the accurate measurement of specific concepts such as moral injury or posttraumatic stress disorder, and it highlights the risk of conflating distinct constructs. The widespread use of contaminated scales, often adopted without critical evaluation, poses a significant threat to the integrity of research outcomes. In order to address these challenges, this study advocates for rigorous scale development and validation processes, encouraging researchers, peer reviewers and journal editors to scrutinize the psychometric properties of scales. By ensuring that scales measure only the intended constructs, future research can produce more accurate and meaningful results, leading to improved clinical interventions and policy decisions.

The Status Importance Scale: Development and validation of a self-report questionnaire for measuring how much people care about status.

Although substantial research indicates that considerations about status can lead to anxiety and other negative outcomes, a valid measure of the importance individuals attribute to status is lacking. This paper introduces the Status Importance Scale (SIS), a mono-factorial 10-item self-report questionnaire that quantifies how important a person deems status to be. Five studies validate the scale showing that it has excellent internal reliability and acceptable test-retest reliability, it correlates with several related measures (supporting convergent validity), it shows little correlation with theoretically unrelated constructs (supporting discriminant validity), it is the best predictor of conspicuous consumption compared with other potential candidates (supporting concurrent validity), and it can help predicting which activities one gives importance to (further supporting concurrent validity). Finally, as hypothesized by previous literature, the last study reveals that the SIS can predict status anxiety. The SIS can contribute to research regarding important phenomena such as the detrimental psychological effects of income inequality.

Development and validation of a scale to measure hypertensive Chinese individual’s behavior toward salt reduction consumption

ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and validate the Salt Reduction Behavior Scale (SRBS) to measure the behavior of hypertensive Chinese individuals in adhering to salt reduction practices.MethodsThe SRBS was constructed based on the Health Belief Model, consisting of five constructs: knowledge, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action. Data were collected from 2,082 hypertensive patients in Beijing, China, who completed a questionnaire administered through an online platform. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test was used to assess the adequacy of the sample and the Bartlett’s test of sphericity to examine the factorability of the dataset. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to assess the structural validity and reliability of the SRBS.ResultsThe KMO analysis yielded a notably elevated value of 0.95, indicating that the data was highly suitable for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Bartlett’s test of sphericity yielded a statistically significant test statistic (P < 0.001). The 32-item SRB questionnaire demonstrated strong internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.923. A second-order Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) revealed that, after removing the unrelated construct of barriers, SRB could be represented by four sub-constructs: knowledge, severity, benefits, and action. The final version of the SRBS consists of 21 items. These items displayed high factor loadings, indicating a strong relationship between the items and their respective sub-constructs. The discriminant validity analysis revealed that the SRBS sub-constructs were distinct from each other. The SRBS scores were positively correlated with self-reported salt reduction practices. This demonstrates that individuals with higher SRBS scores were more likely to engage in actual salt reduction behaviors, indicating concurrent validity.ConclusionThe results illustrate that the Salt Reduction Behavior Scale is a robust and comprehensive instrument for assessing salt reduction behavior among hypertensive Chinese individuals. The scale’s specific sub-constructs provide a detailed understanding of their knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to salt consumption. Healthcare professionals and policymakers can utilize this tool to tailor interventions and educational programs to encourage healthier dietary habits, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in China.

The assessment of emotion reactivity: The Italian validation of the Perth Emotional Reactivity Scale-Short Form (PERS-S).

Emotion reactivity refers to the activation, intensity and duration of emotional responses to internal or external stimuli. It can be differentiated from emotion regulation since the former is the very first response to an emotional trigger, and the latter can be defined as a tool for maintaining one's arousal in a window of tolerance. Since, to date, there are no Italian self-report measures able to evaluate individuals' emotional reactivity, this study aimed to contribute to the Italian validation of the Perth Emotional Reactivity Scale-Short Form (PERS-S). The PERS-S is an 18-item self-report measure answered on a 5-point Likert scale that generates six subscale scores and two composite scores, with higher scores indicating higher levels of reactivity. Data from 768 individuals showed that the PERS-S had good to excellent goodness of fit. The internal consistency was high, with an overall reliability coefficient (Cronbach's α) of .87 and .86 for the negative and positive general scales, respectively. The PERS-S also demonstrated appropriate convergent validity, showing significant correlations with conceptually related measures, and acceptable divergent validity, showing minimal correlations with unrelated constructs. Finally, we evaluated the Test-Retest Reliability by administering the PERS-S to the same sample twice, with a 2-week interval. The significant correlations between the two PERS-S administrations suggest temporal stability. The Italian version of the PERS-S will enrich the repertoire of self-report measures for investigating the development and risk factors of mental health disorders and may have practical applications in clinical settings.

Validating a fear-of-falling-related activity avoidance scale in lower limb prosthesis users.

Limited available data suggest that fear of falling (FoF) may be common among lower limb prosthesis users (LLPUs) and associated with negative rehabilitation outcomes. The impact of FoF on outcomes may be exacerbated when fear leads to self-imposed declines in activity. There is a need to identify the validity of fear-of-falling-related activity avoidance scales in LLPUs. To evaluate the convergent, discriminant, and known-group construct validity of the modified Survey of Activities and FoF in the Elderly (mSAFE) for LLPUs. Secondarily, we sought to determine if the mSAFE scale could be reduced without losing information regarding construct validity. Online survey. Not applicable. Fifty-nine persons with unilateral or bilateral amputation at the transtibial or transfemoral level, with ≥6 months experience using a definitive prosthesis for activities other than transfers. Participants completed an online survey that consisted of the mSAFE and questions to assess FoF (yes/no), fear-of-falling-related activity avoidance (yes/no), as well as previously validated scales capturing related and unrelated constructs. T-tests were used to compare mSAFE score between yes/no respondents for known-group construct validity. Correlations between mSAFE and previously validated surveys assessed convergent and discriminant validity. Analyses were repeated on a reduced number of mSAFE items following a redundancy analysis. Not applicable. Significant correlation coefficients of |0.440-0.825| were found for convergent validity with evidence of known-group construct validity (p < .021 for all comparisons). There was evidence for discriminant validity, with non-significant associations for two-of-three correlations. Results from validity analyses for a shortened 6-item mSAFE were similar to that for the full scale. This study provided initial evidence regarding validity of the mSAFE as a measure to assess fear-of-falling-related activity avoidance in LLPUs. A 6-item scale may be appropriate if the full scale would be taxing or time-consuming.

Assessing Validity and Bias of Within-Person Variability in Affect and Personality.

Within-person variability in affect (e.g., Neuroticism) and personality have been linked to well-being. These are measured either by asking people to report how variable they are or to give multiple reports on the construct and calculating a within-person standard deviation adjusted for confounding by the person-level mean. The two measures are weakly correlated with one another and the links of variability with well-being depend on which measure researchers use. Recent research suggests that people's repeated ratings may be biased by response styles. In a 7-day study (N = 399) with up to five measurements per day, we confirmed that the measures of variability lacked sufficient convergent validity to be used interchangeably. We found only 1 significant correlation (of 10) between variability in repeated ratings of affect or personality and variability in repeated ratings of a theoretically unrelated construct (i.e., features of images). There was very little evidence supporting the response styles hypothesis.

Development and initial validation of the Orthotic Patient-Reported Outcomes-Mobility (OPRO-M): An item bank for evaluating mobility of people who use lower-limb orthoses.

Lower limb orthoses (LLOs) are externally-applied leg braces that are designed to improve or maintain mobility in people with a variety of health conditions that affect lower limb function. Clinicians and researchers are therefore often motivated to measure LLO users' mobility to select or assess the effectiveness of these devices. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) can provide insights into important aspects of a LLO user's mobility for these purposes. However, few PROMs are available to measure mobility of LLO users. Those few that exist have issues that may limit their clinical or scientific utility. The objective of this study was to create a population-specific item bank for measuring mobility of LLO users. Previously-developed candidate items were administered in a cross-sectional study to a large national sample of LLO users. Responses from study participants (n = 1036) were calibrated to a graded response statistical model using Item Response Theory methods. A set of 39 items was found to be unidimensional, locally independent, and function without bias due to characteristics unrelated to mobility. The set of final calibrated items, termed the Orthotic Patient-Reported Outcomes-Mobility (OPRO-M) item bank, was evaluated for initial evidence of convergent, divergent, and known groups construct validity. OPRO-M was strongly correlated with existing PROMs designed to measure aspects of physical function. Conversely, OPRO-M was weakly correlated with PROMs that measured unrelated constructs, like sleep disturbance and depression. OPRO-M also showed an ability to differentiate groups with expected mobility differences. Two fixed-length short forms were created from the OPRO-M item bank. Items on the short forms were selected based on statistical and clinical criteria. Collectively, results from this study indicate that OPRO-M can effectively measure mobility of LLO users, and OPRO-M short forms can now be recommended for use in routine clinical practice and research studies.

Assessing Spatial Knowledge and Mental Map Development Under Virtual Training Conditions

Mental maps are the core of wayfinding because they contain representations of point, route, and configuration related spatial knowledge. Currently, methods spatial knowledge do not clearly separate these theoretically disparate facets. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationships between point-related, route-related, and configuration-related spatial knowledge tests administered to participants in the context of training to comprehend a virtual environment. Results indicated that measures which are often interchanged under the assumption that they are reflective of spatial knowledge may in fact measure different and unrelated constructs. Futher, analyses showed that measures that are commonly used to tap point-related and route-related knowledge may have different influences on the development of configuration knowledge, and little to none on the ability for individuals to leverage their holistic mental map for wayfinding.

ALGILANAN KİŞİ-ÇEVRE UYUM ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN (PPEFS-TR) TÜRKÇEYE UYARLANMASI

The aim of this research was to adopt Perceived Person-Environment Fit Scale (PPEFS; Chuang, Shen &amp; Judge, 2016) into Turkish. The PPEFS consists of four measures: Person-Job Fit Scale, Person-Organization Fit Scale, Person-Group Fit Scale and Person-Supervisor Fit Scale. The research was conducted with 643 employees from various sectors and professions, and consisted of two different studies. In Study 1 (n= 325) the CFI confirmed the hypothesized factor structure of the Turkish version of the PPEFS (PPEFS-TR). For convergent validity the relationships of the PPEFS-TR’ scales with another fit scale (Cable &amp; DeRue, 2002; PFS), and for divergent validity the relations between the PPEFS-TR and theoretically unrelated constructs (i.e., age and gender) were examined, and as expected, moderate to low level correlations were found. Moreover, the PPEFS-TR has incremental validity above and beyond the PFS on organizational outcomes (i.e., organizational citizenship behavior, job satisfaction and intention to leave). In Study 2 (n= 308), each scales of the PPEFS-TR predicted the theoretically related construct (i.e., work engagement, organizational identification, group fit, and leader-member exchange) significantly. Internal consistency reliability coefficients were found between .77 and .94 in both studies. Additionally, test-retest reliability coefficients were found between .90 and .94 (n= 55).

Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Adult Hearing Loss (AAQ-AHL): validation with hearing aid users

Objective Individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) may find adherence to their hearing devices difficult due to internal experiences related to their hearing loss such as sadness or frustration. The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Adult Hearing Loss (AAQ-AHL) is the only measure available to assess psychological inflexibility as it relates to hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to confirm the single latent structure of the AAQ-AHL (through confirmatory factory analysis) and test convergent and discriminant validity. Design Cross-sectional data was used to further validate the AAQ-AHL. Study sample Participants were 146 adults who had diagnosed hearing loss and used a hearing aid. Results Results revealed the AAQ-AHL has a single latent structure, correlated to other similar constructs (psychological flexibility and hearing aid efficacy), and not correlated to unrelated constructs (hearing loss severity). These results suggest that the AAQ-AHL is a valid instrument to assess psychological flexibility as it relates to hearing aid use. Conclusion Together, the findings imply the AAQ-AHL has strong psychometric properties and justification to use in a clinical setting.

Is There a "Gifted Personality"? Initial Evidence for Differences between MENSA and General Population Members in the HEXACO Personality Inventory.

Contrary to the common notion that personality and intelligence are unrelated constructs, numerous correlational studies have demonstrated substantial associations between the two domains. Moreover, samples of intellectually gifted individuals have been found to differ from the general population in specific aspects of their personalities. However, most studies so far have relied on the Five-Factor Model of Personality (FFM), while none have investigated this phenomenon using the HEXACO personality framework. We recruited 617 adult members of the international high-IQ society MENSA and compared them to 3 reference samples (combined N = 112,637) regarding their personalities as measured by the HEXACO-60 personality inventory. We found that gifted persons scored higher in Honesty-Humility and Conscientiousness but lower in Emotionality compared to reference samples. Interestingly, gifted individuals scored only slightly higher in Openness to Experience, and no consistent differences emerged for Agreeableness. We demonstrate that some known personality differences between gifted and non-gifted persons translate from the FFM to the HEXACO model, while others do not. Our results indicate that within the HEXACO factor structure differences in sociability are more pronounced, while intellect-related differences are comparatively weak.

Assessing cultural competence: a comparison of two measures and their utility in global learning experiences within healthcare education

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between two measures of cultural competence (CC), one more widely used, the other designed for healthcare students. It was hypothesized that there would be strong correlations allowing educators to forgo one measure for the other based on utility, resources, and sustainability. DesignExploratory, cross sectional design SettingOne US Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) academic program. Participants145 DPT students. Main outcome measuresIntercultural Development Inventory® (IDI) and Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence-among healthcare professionals-Student Version© (IAPCC-SV). ResultsThere were significant (negligible to low, rho = 0.16–0.28; p < 0.05) relationships between the IAPCC-SV total and three constructs with IDI Perceived Orientation scores, and the IAPCCSV total and two constructs with the IDI Developmental Orientation scores. There were significant (negligible to low, rho = 0.18–0.35; p < 0.05) relationships between IAPCC-SV total and construct scores with the IDI Acceptance and Adaptation orientation scores. Students with scores in an IDI DO of Acceptance or Adaptation were significantly more likely to have an IAPCC-SV score in the category of Culturally Competent (X2 = 3.70, p = 0.05). ConclusionsThe discordance of the two measures suggests that the instruments measure unrelated constructs (worldviews, attributes or skills) of cultural competence that are exclusive to each measure and context dependent. Context specific measures may not be generalized to a greater worldview, and visa versa. Multimodal assessment that triangulates data and supports student learning outcomes may be the most effective strategy to capture the impact of curriculum and/or a global learning experience on students’ development of cultural competence. Contribution of the Paper•The IDI and IAPCC-SV measure different aspects of CC and are not strongly related.•Any measure of CC specific to the healthcare setting should be used in combination with less contextually dependent measures of CC when learning objectives include skills that are expected to be generalized to a broader community or setting.•Triangulation of quantitative data and qualitative analysis of students’ work would result in a deeper understanding of students’ intercultural development across settings, allow students to set personal goals, and provide rich data for student learning outcomes and programmatic assessments.

Exploring the Antecedents and Brand Avoidance as the Outcome, of Identity Incongruity

One of the leading causes of brand avoidance relates to the incongruence between consumers’ self-image and brands’ images. While previous researchers made recommendations concerning the antecedents of identity incongruity, their recommendations were based on either speculation or on individual measurement items included in larger (unrelated) constructs. This paper addresses this research gap by establishing the antecedents, and brand avoidance as the outcome, of identity incongruity. The link to the study questionnaire was sent by one of South Africa’s leading cellular service providers by means of SMS messages to their customers, inviting them to participate in the study. Results from 276 fully completed questionnaires show, similar to previous studies, a strong relationship between identity incongruity and brand avoidance. Unlike previous research we established that both inauthenticity and brand image predict identity incongruity, but found no relationships between identity incongruity and negative reference groups, deindividualisation, and family influence. The study accordingly identified the actual antecedents practitioners should focus on when trying to minimise the negative consequences of brand avoidance due to identity incongruity.

Test of Measurement Invariance, and Evidence for Reliability and Validity of AMAS Scores in Dutch Secondary School and University Students

The Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (AMAS) is commonly used to compare groups on math anxiety. Group comparisons should however be preceded by a demonstration of metric and scalar measurement invariance, which is currently only available for undergraduate students in the USA. This study tested for metric and scalar measurement invariance of AMAS scores across sexes and age groups and investigated reliability and validity evidence. Dutch secondary school students ( N = 1504) and university students ( N = 629) completed the AMAS and reported their math grades. Subsamples also completed questionnaires on related (e.g., trait anxiety) and unrelated constructs (e.g., anxiety for learning a foreign language). Results of multi-group Confirmatory Factor Analyses showed the 2-factor structure that was detected in earlier studies and supported partial metric and scalar invariance, although cross-loadings for one item were included for the female university students group to improve model fit. Reliability ranged from acceptable to good and validity was supported.

Unordinary: An evaluation of lecture-free activities using a repertory grid

Lecture-free activities afford students with an engaging approach to knowledge acquisition and integration. When peppered throughout a course, experiential activities inject spontaneity, break up familiar patterns, and empower students to take responsibility of their learning. For an instructor, iteration is required to develop effective lecture-free engineering activities, necessitating thoughtful evaluation. The paper adopts Kelly's personal constructs theory, using repertory grid analysis to consider the effectiveness of six unordinary, lecture-free activities. Through a structured comparison of activities, 29 constructs were elicited with inherently subjective, dichotomous poles. The grid was populated ranking each activity between the poles of each construct such as directed learning or creative expression. Using a cluster analysis and descriptive statistics, various themes emerged revealing the author's preference, and connections between seemingly unrelated constructs such as how summative actives use the entire building whereas formative activities are in the classroom. Recommendations are made to generalize the tool to aid instructors in activity evaluation and development through understanding and challenging existing patterns.

Psy-Flex: A contextually sensitive measure of psychological flexibility

Psychological flexibility is increasingly studied in various contexts including clinical studies. The construct has been hypothesized to be a major determinant of mental health. Existing measures lack context-sensitivity (e.g, implicitly measuring it as a trait) and/or reference to a limited time frame. We developed a short self-report measure that covers all facets of the construct and is context-sensitive. Data was collected from four separate samples (n = 744), including a community (n = 346), non-clinical (n = 188), and two clinical (n = 163 in- and outpatients and n = 47 inpatients) samples from a psychiatric hospital. Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed a one-factor structure with excellent reliability (Raykov's r = 0.91). Correlations with related (such as other measures of psychological flexibility and symptomatology) and unrelated constructs (such as age and sex) were all consistent with predictions. The Psy-Flex differentiated clinical and non-clinical samples and predicted unique variance in well-being. The Psy-Flex is an easily administrable questionnaire, useful in research and clinical settings. Its context-sensitive nature makes it applicable to repeated administrations aimed at capturing change.

Development and validation of a multicultural Spanish-language version of the Muscularity-Oriented Eating Test (MOET) in Argentina

The utility of traditional eating disorder measures in the assessment of muscularity-oriented disordered eating has been questioned. To address this limitation, the Muscularity-Oriented Eating Test (MOET) was recently developed and validated in a sample of U.S. college men. We aimed to develop a multicultural Spanish-language version of the MOET for use in Latin American samples and validate its use in a sample of Argentinian college men. Combined translation procedures were used to develop a version suitable for different Spanish-speaking populations. A total of 235 students (Mage = 23.47, SD = 5.61) participated in this study by completing a survey including the MOET. A sub-sample (n = 121) completed the MOET again after 1 week. A confirmatory factor analysis of a re-specified model of the original single-factor MOET, allowing for residual correlation between items associated to dietary rules (items 4-12), resulted in an adequate fit (χ2/df = 2.10, CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.93, RMSEA 0.05 [90% CI = 0.04, 0.06] SRMR = 0.08). Further, the multicultural Spanish-language version of the MOET yielded evidence of internal consistency (omega = 0.83, 95% CI [0.79, 0.88], Cronbach's α = 0.83), a 1-week Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was considered for test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.82), item analysis, convergent validity with measures of eating disorder psychopathology, body dissatisfaction and weight-related behaviors, as well as for divergent validity with an unrelated construct. The availability of a multicultural Spanish-language version of the MOET may have utility in both clinical and research efforts related to muscularity-oriented disordered eating among Latino men.

Counterproductive Work Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior.

Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) are two seemingly opposite types of active and volitional behaviors. However, previous research on the mutual relationships between these two types of behavior has yielded inconclusive results. Such relationships are of particular interest in countries such as Poland, which is still in the process of economic and social transformation from a communist to a capitalist system. Therefore, the current study sought to re-examine the relationships between OCB and CWB in a large sample of Polish employees. One thousand and fifty-one employees were recruited from small, medium, and large Polish enterprises to take part in the study, and they completed questionnaire measures of CWB and OCB. The results showed that the overall frequencies of CWB and OCB were statistically significantly correlated. However, while some dimensions of OCB were found to be significantly negatively correlated with certain categories of CWB, one dimension of OCB was significantly positively correlated with CWB. Cluster analysis allowed for distinguishing of four subgroups of participants with different profiles of CWB and OCB, including a subgroup that exhibited equal levels of OCB and CWB and a subgroup that exhibited high levels of CWB cooccurring with increased frequencies of some dimensions of OCB. These results demonstrate that, overall, CWB and OCB are relatively independent and unrelated constructs; however, their particular dimensions may show a more complex pattern of relationships.

The psychometric properties and clinical utility of the Norwegian versions of the deliberate self-harm inventory and the inventory of statements about self-injury

Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is a widespread transdiagnostic health problem with increasing prevalence among adolescences, and young adults. It is therefore essential to effectively chart the epidemiology of DSH, as well as to assess the efficacy of interventions designed to modify this behavior. The aim was to translate and analyze the psychometric properties of the Norwegian versions of two instruments designed to assess DSH: the Deliberate Self-harm Inventory (DSHI) and the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury (ISAS), as well as to assess the prevalence of DSH within a nonclinical Norwegian adult population. Of the 402 participants who completed a questionnaire packet comprising the DSHI, ISAS, general questions about DSH, and other related measures, 30.6% reported some form of DSH. Those with a history of DSH reported greater difficulties with emotion regulation than those without. Participants with and without a history of DSH did not differ in unrelated constructs, including social desirability. The frequency of specific DSH behaviors was in accordance with previous research, with cutting being the most frequent. The factor structure of DSH functions in the Norwegian ISAS was generally comparable to the factor structure of the English version. Overall, results indicate that: a) the Norwegian versions of the DSHI and ISAS behave as expected and in accordance with prior research in other languages and other populations, and b) both the DSHI and ISAS have high internal consistency and adequate construct, convergent, and discriminant validity, and may be applied to evaluate DSH in adult Norwegian populations.

Reliability and validity data to support the clinical utility of the Traumatic Brain Injury Caregiver Quality of Life (TBI-CareQOL).

The Traumatic Brain Injury Caregiver Quality of Life (TBI-CareQOL) is a patient-reported outcome measurement system that is specific to caregivers of civilians and service members/veterans (SMVs) with traumatic brain injury (TBI). This measurement system includes 26 item banks that represent both generic (i.e., borrowed from existing measurement systems) and caregiver-specific components of health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This report provides reliability and validity data for measures within the TBI-CareQOL that have not previously been reported (i.e., 4 caregiver-specific and 7 generic measures of HRQOL). Three hundred eighty-five caregivers of persons with TBI completed caregiver-specific computer adaptive tests (CATs) for Feelings of Loss-Self, Caregiver Strain, Caregiver-Specific Anxiety, and Feeling Trapped, as well as generic measures of HRQOL from complementary measurement systems (i.e., Neuro-QoL Positive Affect and Well-Being; PROMIS Sleep-Related Impairment; NIH Toolbox Perceived Stress, General Life Satisfaction, and Self Efficacy; TBI-QOL Resilience and Grief/Loss). Caregivers also completed several additional measures to establish convergent and discriminant validity, as well as the Mayo Portland Adaptability Index, 4th ed. Findings support the internal consistency reliability (all alphas > .85) and test-retest stability (all alphas >.73) of the TBI-CareQOL measures. Convergent validity was supported by moderate to high correlations between the TBI-CareQOL measures and related measures, whereas discriminant validity was supported by low correlations between the TBI-CareQOL measures and unrelated constructs. Known-groups validity was also supported. Findings support the reliability and validity of the item banks that comprise the TBI-CareQOL Measurement System. These measures should be considered for any standardized assessment of HRQOL in caregivers of civilians and SMVs with TBI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).