Unpleasant Mood Research Articles

Under the dome: Air pollution and analyst forecast optimism

In this study, we investigate whether unpleasant mood caused by air pollution leads to lower analyst forecast optimism. Using a sample of 103,768 observations from 2014 to 2021, we show that there is a negative association between air pollution and analyst forecast optimism. Furthermore, we find that analysts become more optimistic forecasters after moving to a city with lower level of air pollution. Our results hold through various robustness tests including alternative measures of air pollution, controlling for various fixed effects, 2SLS by instrumenting for air pollution using thermal inversions and a placebo test by randomizing the headquarter locations of brokerage firms in our sample. Our paper provides plausibly causal evidence that air pollution lowers analyst forecast optimism.

Subjective discomfort and lack of volitional drive with neuroleptic pharmacotherapy - a phenomenological case study

IntroductionIn comparison to extrapyramidal and metabolic side effects, the subjective aspects of neuroleptic treatment have been less extensively researched. Nevertheless, they are equally significant given their potential to influence adherence and functional outcome. Historically, terms such as “neuroleptic dysphoria,” “neuroleptic-induced psychic indifference,” and “neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome” were used to characterize a range of unpleasant mood states on the one hand and a documented and observable motivational deficit on the other. The latter aligns with the findings from preclinical neuroscientific studies and animal models highlighting the significant involvement of mesolimbic dopamine in motivational processes. Despite an abundance of anecdotal data these adverse effects are often undetectable in large-scale clinical studies that utilize standardized assessment measures.ObjectivesTo present adverse subjective changes in arousal, mood and volitional drive resulting from neuroleptic intake from a patient’s perspective.MethodsThe subject is a patient, with no reported negative symptoms or lasting functional impairment described, who underwent a gradual 6-month discontinuation of risperidone in an outpatient setting following a complete recovery after a single psychotic episode. A semi-structured interview modelled after The Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) was conducted. We aimed to elicit descriptions of the subjective experience while ensuring our approach remained non-suggestive.ResultsIn addition to describing potential akathisia and lethargy at higher doses, the subject reported a significant lack of motivation and a notably reduced willingness to exert effort towards achieving specific goals or engaging in activities that he still found rewarding or pleasurable. Furthermore, he consistently noted gradual improvements across various psycho-social aspects following the discontinuation of the medication. These adverse and unpleasant experiences were presented as the primary reason for wanting to discontinue pharmacological treatment.ConclusionsCertain adverse effects of antipsychotic medications can only be elucidated by the clinician through the examination of the patient’s subjective experiences. Medication induced dysphoria and volitional deficits have the potential to profoundly impact treatment adherence, leading to unrecommended discontinuation of neuroleptics, and can cause important functional impairment.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Does Playing Tennis with a Low-Compression Ball Effect Psychophysiological Responses and Match Characteristics in Recreational Adult Players?

This study aimed to compare the effects of playing tennis using low-compression balls (Lc-Balls) and standard balls (St-Balls) on psychophysiological responses and match characteristics among recreational adult tennis players. Participants (N = 24; age: 20.5 ± 1.3 years) were randomly matched to play two singles matches over three sets: one match was played with a Lc-Ball and one match was played with a St-Ball, resulting in twenty-four matches. Heart-rate responses and match characteristics were assessed during each match. Post-match measures included retrospective assessments of perceived exertion, ratings of enjoyment towards physical activity, and ratings of mental effort and mood. Results showed higher psychophysiological responses and more intensive play during the game when playing with the Lc-Ball (p ≤ 0.05, d values ranging from 0.24 to 1.93 [small to very large effect]). Further, playing with a Lc-Ball related to reporting a lower rating of perceived exertion (p = 0.00, d = 0.90 [moderate effect]) and greater physical enjoyment (p = 0.00, d = 1.73 [large effect]). Playing with the St-Ball was associated with higher unpleasant mood responses including depression, tension, anger, and fatigue. In conclusion, the results suggest that using the Lc-Ball may lead to better match performance with higher enjoyment in the tennis match-play in recreational adult tennis players.

Opioid dependency and intervention: A critical examination of the neurobiological foundations

Opioids strongly modulate numerous physiological and psychological functions. They may induce euphoria and analgesia, which cultures have sought for generations when administered abruptly. Chronic opioid usage alters neural circuitry and creates a drug-dependent condition. During drug withdrawal, allostatic alterations caused by drug dependence are evident. Drug use stops a temporary coordinated allostatic re-established of neural circuits, which manifest as physiology and psychological consequences that are the opposite of those seen throughout sensitive drug intoxicates. Physical withdrawal symptoms, for example, go away in a matter of days, although other symptoms, such as dysphoria, sleeplessness, and anxiety, might last. Some adaptations, like gathered connections, can become permanent. The brain circuitry, cellular processes, and opioids drug dependence suggest a potential role for neuroinflammation. The taught association involving opioids and alleviation from a preexisting or withdrawal-induced anxiogenic and dysphoric state leads to opioids-addicted behaviors. Drug cravings among susceptible persons living in an increasingly pressured environment would be fueled by a taught link between drug use and respite from unpleasant moods. We contend that the present opioids crisis in the USA is exacerbated by this path to addiction.

Effects of coach encouragement on psychophysiological responses and technical actions in different small-sided soccer games

ABSTRACT This study examined the effects of coach encouragement (CE) on psychophysiological responses and technical actions in different small-sided soccer games (SSGs) in young soccer players. Twenty male soccer players (17.3 ± 1.4 years of age) performed four bouts of 2, 3 and 4-a-side SSGs with two minutes of rest between bouts at three-day intervals. Heart rate (HR) responses and technical actions were continuously monitored and recorded during all SSGs. The rating of perceived exertion (RPE), enjoyment (PACES), and mood (Profile of Mood of States: POMS) were also determined at the end of the last bout of each SSGs. Results demonstrated that CE + SSGs induced higher psychophysiological responses such as HR, RPE, and PACES responses (p ≤ 0.05, d values ranging from 0,76 to 2,25 [moderate to very large effect]). Furthermore, the CE + SSGs demonstrated significantly higher technical actions in terms of successful passes and shots (p ≤ 0.05, d values ranging from 0,84 to 3,25 [moderate to very large effect]) when compared to SSGs without CE (CE-SSGs). Conversely, the CE-SSGs induced higher unpleasant mood responses in terms of tension, anger, and fatigue in young soccer players. The results of this study suggest that if coaches want players to perform under higher-intensity conditions, they should encourage players in game-based training.

Sleep and Lifestyle Habits of Medical and Non-Medical Students during the COVID-19 Lockdown.

It has been shown that the measures of social distancing and lockdown might have had negative effects on the physical and mental health of the population. We aim to investigate the sleep and lifestyle habits as well as the mood of Croatian medical (MS) and non-medical students (NMS) during the COVID-19 lockdown. The cross-sectional study included 1163 students (21.6% male), whose lifestyle and sleep habits and mood before and during the lockdown were assessed with an online questionnaire. The shift towards later bedtimes was more pronounced among NMS (~65 min) compared to MS (~38 min), while the shift toward later wake-up times was similar in both MS (~111 min) and NMS (~112 min). All students reported more frequent difficulty in falling asleep, night-time awakenings and insomnia (p < 0.001) during lockdown. A higher proportion of MS reported being less tired and less anxious during lockdown compared to pre-lockdown (p < 0.001). Both student groups experienced unpleasant moods and were less content during lockdown compared to the pre-lockdown period (p < 0.001). Our results emphasize the need for the promotion of healthy habits in the youth population. However, the co-appearance of prolonged and delayed sleep times along with decreased tiredness and anxiety among MS during lockdown reveals their significant workload during pre-lockdown and that even subtle changes in their day schedule might contribute to the well-being of MS.

Emotional Recognition of Children With Down Syndrome and Normally Developing Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Psychologists have tried to explain emotions since centuries ago they have tried to identify different types of emotions. Emotions are basically mental experiences that can lead to pleasant or unpleasant moods. Emotions influence our perception and social communication. For Down Syndrome being social can also be determined by emotional recognition. It plays an important role for social interaction which is recognized by emotions and helps them to regulate it for social interaction. Basic emotions which are included in this study are happiness, sadness, and aggressive facial expressions. Objective: To determine the level of emotional regulation through emotional recognition by facial expressions in down syndrome compared to normally developing children. Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study. Emotional Recognition Questionnaire Version 7-6/2012 was used. Data on children with down syndrome were collected from special education centres of Lahore and data on normally developing children was collected from the private schools by using standardized tools. The total sample size was 384 calculated by using an online calculator. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: The results showed that people with down syndrome were good at identifying emotions of happiness, sadness, anger, and worry when compared with normally developing children. Their ability to recognize facial expressions helps down syndrome children for socialization. Conclusions: It was concluded that children with down syndrome can recognize and regulate emotions and emotion of happiness is more easily recognized than the other emotions when it was compared to normally developing children.

Validation of a new emotion regulation self-report questionnaire for children

ObjectiveTo examine and validate the self-report Questionnaire on the Regulation of Unpleasant Moods in Children (FRUST), which is a modified and shortened version of the Questionnaire for the Assessment of Emotion Regulation in Children and Adolescents (FEEL-KJ).MethodsThe data comprised child and parent ratings of a community-screened sample with differing levels of affective dysregulation (AD) (N = 391, age: M = 10.64, SD = 1.33, 56% male). We conducted latent factor analyses to establish a factor structure. Subsequently, we assessed measurement invariance (MI) regarding age, gender, and AD level and evaluated the internal consistencies of the scales. Finally, we examined the convergent and divergent validity of the instrument by calculating differential correlations between the emotion regulation strategy (ERS) scales and self- and parent-report measures of psychopathology.ResultsA four-factor model, with one factor representing Dysfunctional Strategies and the three factors Distraction, Problem-Solving and Social Support representing functional strategies provided the best fit to our data and was straightforward to interpret. We found strong MI for age and gender and weak MI for AD level. Differential correlations with child and parent ratings of measures of psychopathology supported the construct validity of the factors.ConclusionsWe established a reliable and valid self-report measure for the assessment of ERS in children. Due to the reduced number of items and the inclusion of highly specific regulatory behaviors, the FRUST might be a valuable contribution to the assessment of ER strategies for diagnostic, therapeutic, and research purposes.

EMUSIC USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM

The emotion or mood of a user can be detected by their facial expressions. Those expressions can be extracted from the live feed through the system’s camera. Machine learning provides various techniques, one of which is detection of facial expression. It connects us across markets, aeons, backgrounds, dialects, political views, and financial status. Nowadays, music applications and other streaming services are of high demand and are sought by many people not restricted to ages as there are a remarkable and rapid evolution of multimedia, digital music, and cellular networks. Most of the people use music for their mood regulation, increase energy level, and more specifically to change their unpleasant mood or reduce tension. In addition to it, by tuning in to the right type of music at the apparent time may refine your mental health. Thus, human emotions or mood have a intense bond with music. Here, in this project, we propose an efficient solution to meet the people needs in music by live feed and Support Vector Machine learning algorithms.

Effect of Moods on Perception of Organizational Justice

Objectives This study aimed to identify the effect of mood on perceptions of organizational justice (distributional, procedural, interpersonal, and informational), expecting that those with pleasant moods tend to perceive a work situation as more fair, and those with unpleasant moods are more likely to see work events as less fair. Methods The sample consisted of 180 Kuwaiti employees divided evenly among the three experimental groups (pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral groups). Each group watched either positive, negative, or neutral film. The study used the Organizational Justice Measure and the Brief Mood Introspection Survey. Results The repeated measures ANCOVA for the effects of mood on the justice measure, after controlling for pre-mood and the pre-justice scores, showed a significant difference among the three mood groups. The pleasant group had a higher justice mean than the unpleasant and neutral groups. However, no significant difference was found between the unpleasant and neutral groups. Also, there was no significant interaction between the justice type (distributional, procedural, interpersonal, and informational) and mood group (pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral). Conclusions A pleasant mood may have a stronger effect on justice perception than an unpleasant mood. Suggesting that mood affects justice in a consistent way regardless of justice type. Justice perceptions are inherently subjective and are receptive to the effects of internal states. And that mood states that have no logical relationship with the justice of the situation may serve as inputs in the justice judgment process, highlighting the subjective quality of justice perception.

Sadistic pleasure and diminished suffering perceptions: Further evidence that sadism entails rationalization

Nonclinical people high in sadism report less displeasure upon witnessing another person's suffering; some recent theorizing speculates that such people may seek to rationalize this blunted displeasure by diminishing another's amount of suffering. To help address this idea further in the context of an experimental design, participants (N = 375) read about a target suffering various humiliating events; as a within-subjects manipulation, they imagined the target suffered no emotional turmoil (i.e., no-suffering condition) or was highly disturbed (i.e., suffering condition). In addition to estimating the target's emotional suffering, they indicated their pleasant vs. unpleasant mood as they read the vignette. Sadism only related positively to pleasant mood in the suffering condition, and only related negatively to perceptions of target-emotional-suffering in the suffering condition. Furthermore, within the suffering condition, mediation evidence was consistent with the possibility that sadism related to reduced perceptions of target-emotional-suffering via the experience of less displeasure. Additional analyses accounted for sadism's confounding with other dark-personality constructs, gender, and aggressive humor. The present work supports the possibility that sadism may encompass blunted displeasure from others' suffering and rationalization mechanisms for this blunted displeasure.

Feeling lonely during the pandemic: Towards personality-tailored risk profiles

ABSTRACT This is the first study to disentangle associations of within- and between-person fluctuations in loneliness and their effect on evening mood during a nationwide lockdown due to COVID-19. To contribute to the development of personality-tailored risk profiles, we additionally explored the moderating role of trait neuroticism and extraversion on the association of within- and between-person loneliness and mood. We employed an ambulatory assessment design during 21 days of nationwide lockdown in Germany (13/04/2020-03/05/2020) with two interval-based assessments. The final sample comprised 322 participants (74.5% women) aged between 15 and 82 years (M = 30.7, SD = 14.9) providing 6,084 evening assessments. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the effects of within- and between-person fluctuations in loneliness on evening mood while controlling for unspecific effects of time, sex, and age. Moderation analysis was used to investigate the influence of neuroticism and extraversion on the relation between loneliness and mood, respectively. Results indicate that especially higher between-person loneliness (i.e. participants felt lonelier compared to the average participant) but also higher within-person loneliness (i.e. participants felt lonelier compared to their individual mean) were associated with a more unpleasant mood. Neuroticism augmented the effect of within-person loneliness, while extraversion seemed to buffer the effect of between-person loneliness on mood. Our findings underline the importance of carefully monitoring loneliness during COVID-19. The findings contribute towards the development of personality-tailored risk profiles (e.g. among newly arising risk groups for loneliness due to COVID-19). We discuss how the differential consideration of within- and between-psychological processes might help to elucidate currently mixed findings on psychological coping during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Negative Mood Regulation Expectancies Moderate the Effects of Acculturative Stress on Affective Symptoms Among Chinese International Students in Japan

AbstractThis study investigated interrelationships of negative mood regulation expectancies (NMREs), stressors, and affective symptoms among Chinese international students in Japan. NMREs represent one's confidence that one can reduce the intensity of the unpleasant moods one experiences. Data were collected from 527 participants using self‐report measures of NMREs, university stress, acculturative stress, depression, and anxiety. Results showed that NMREs buffered the effects on distress of acculturative stress but not of university stress: stronger NMREs protected international students from the negative consequences of acculturative stress. This suggests that being more confident in their emotion regulation made Chinese international students less vulnerable to the negative affective consequences of acculturative stress but not university stress. This difference may be because, for international students, acculturative stress is less personally controllable than university stress. Consequently, when active coping attempts fail to ameliorate one's stress, simply believing that one can make oneself feel better—stronger NMREs—may mitigate the effects of an uncontrollable stressor on one's well‐being. One implication of this research is that raising the NMREs of international students may reduce their risk of distress.

The Effect of Enhanced Multislice Spiral Computed Tomography Scan in Nursing

Purpose. Side effects such as local pain and tissue swelling will affect the effect of enhanced multislice spiral computed tomography (CT) scan. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of imaging nursing in enhanced CT scan for heart patients. Method. We selected 86 heart patients to receive enhanced multislice spiral CT scan as the research objects and randomly divided them into the test group and the control group. Imaging nursing and traditional nursing intervention was taken to compare the nursing effects of the two groups. Results. The incidence of unpleasant mood in the test group was 9.3%, which was significantly lower than that in the control group. The nursing satisfaction of the test group was 97.7%, which was much higher than the 79.1% of the control group. At the same time, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score of the test group and the incidence of contrast agent extravasation were significantly lower than those of the control group. Conclusion. The use of imaging nursing for heart patients with enhanced multislice spiral CT scan can reduce the patient’s unhealthy mood and improve nursing satisfaction, and the nursing effect is ideal.

The impact of air pollution on financial reporting quality: evidence from China

AbstractIn this study, we investigate whether the unpleasant mood of managers caused by air pollution leads to poorer decision‐making quality. Using a sample of 9,282 firm‐year observations from 2014 to 2017 in China, we show that (i) the mood of managers becomes more negative as air quality decreases; and (ii) there is a negative relation between air pollution and financial reporting quality. Furthermore, this association is stronger for firms with (i) weaker corporate governance; and (ii) top management teams with a lower average age, fewer females and a lower average educational level. Our results hold through various robustness tests.

Combating the Consequences of COVID-19 Misinformation: Comparative Analysis Among Adolescents

The subject of media literacy among adolescents is particularly relevant due to the rapid dissemination of information online, the lack of media literacy education in secondary curricula on Long Island, New York, and the prevalence of social media in the twenty-first century. This study looks at the effect of COVID-19 misinformation on the believability, level of concern, and mood of high school and middle school students on Long Island, New York in 2021. This study included high school and middle school students from four Long Island school districts. Students were given a survey that included three misinformation sources, a concern level scale, and a mood scale. As a result of this investigation, a comparative analysis of student data was compiled. While middle school students had higher believability rates than high school students, resulting in negative mood changes and high concern levels, high school students also demonstrated high levels of believability of the COVID-19 misinformation, resulting in negative mood changes and high concern levels. Early adolescent media literacy education is critical to avoiding the unpleasant mood changes and increased concern levels caused by the high believability of COVID-19 misinformation. This study demonstrates that, just as we discovered during the pandemic how critical it is to stop virus transmission, it is also critical to stop the spread of misinformation about COVID-19. Both put people in danger. Combating the negative effects of COVID-19 misinformation necessitates media literacy education.

There is a substantial global burden of perioperative anxiety in the paediatric population – a systematic review

Objective: Perioperative anxiety is described as an uncomfortable, tense or unpleasant mood at any point in the surgical journey. It can alter the way patients’ deal with the surgical experience and think about surgical treatments in the future. This systematic review aims to investigate the methods of diagnosing perioperative anxiety and assess the prevalence of the condition within the global paediatric population undergoing operations. Materials and methods: The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA Checklist (a 27-item checklist to address introduction, methods, results and discussion with a systematic review). Medline and Scopus databases were searched. Two independent reviewers determined which papers were suitable for inclusion. Inclusion was determined by the mention of prevalence of operative-related anxiety, in a population under 18 years old and patients that were undergoing an operation in a hospital setting. Initially, 48 papers were found and, after screening, a total of 12 eligible studies were included. Data was extracted on the method of diagnosis of anxiety, the prevalence of perioperative anxiety, the time of assessment and the age of the cohort. Cochrane bias assessment was used to assess the presence of types of bias in randomised control trials (RCTs) included and the risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions tool in each non-RCTs. Results: 83% (n=10) studies used the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) for diagnosis.‌‌ The overall average prevalence of perioperative anxiety in each paediatric cohort undergoing surgery was 42.1% (95% CI 30.5 - 53.7). There was not sufficient evidence to support a relationship between the age of the patient groups, the time of the anxiety assessment and the prevalence of the perioperative anxiety. Conclusion: Paediatric anxiety remains a significant factor affecting over a third of all children who undergo operations. The vast majority of papers used the mYPAS for diagnosis although there is still some debate about the most appropriate diagnostic tool. Further studies are needed to assess the factors influencing perioperative anxiety and to evaluate the impact of perioperative anxiety on the patient experience and recovery.

Mood Responses and Regulation Strategies Used During COVID-19 Among Boxers and Coaches.

The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented changes to daily life and in the first wave in the UK, it led to a societal shutdown including playing sport and concern was placed for the mental health of athletes. Identifying mood states experienced in lockdown and self-regulating strategies is useful for the development of interventions to help mood management. Whilst this can be done on a general level, examination of sport-specific effects and the experience of athletes and coaches can help develop interventions grounded in real world experiences. The present study investigated perceived differences in mood states of boxers before and during COVID-19 isolation in the first lockdown among boxers. Boxing is an individual and high-contact sport where training tends to form a key aspect of their identity. Boxers develop close relationships with their coach and boxing. Hence boxers were vulnerable to experiencing negative mood, and support via the coach was potentially unavailable. Participants were 58 experienced participants (44 boxers, male n = 33, female n = 11; 14 boxing coaches, male n = 11, female n = 3). Boxers completed the Brunel Mood Scale to assess mood before COVID-19 using a retrospective approach and during COVID-19 using a “right now” time frame. Boxers responded to open-ended questions to capture mood regulation strategies used. Coaches responded to open ended questions to capture how they helped regulate boxer’s mood. MANOVA results indicated a large significant increase in the intensity of unpleasant moods (anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, and tension) and reduction in vigor during COVID-19 (d = 0.93). Using Lane and Terry (2000) conceptual framework, results showed participants reporting depressed mood also reported an extremely negative mood profile as hypothesized. Qualitative data indicated that effective mood-regulation strategies used included maintaining close coach-athlete contact and helping create a sense of making progress in training. When seen collectively, findings illustrate that mood state responses to COVID-19 were severe. It is suggested that that active self-regulation and self-care should be a feature of training programmes to aid coaches and boxers in regulating mood when faced with severe situational changes.

Psychometrics, interpretation and clinical implications of hierarchical models of psychopathology.

Psychometrics, interpretation and clinical implications of hierarchical models of psychopathology.

Negative mood regulation expectancies moderate the effect of childhood maltreatment on compulsive buying.

Two studies investigated childhood maltreatment, alexithymia-the inability to identify one's mood-and negative mood regulation expectancies (NMRE)-confidence that one can alleviate one's negative moods-as predictors of compulsive buying (CB). Participants were recruited from internet CB forums and undergraduate psychology classes. Online, they completed questionnaires and a behavioral task that assessed impulsive spending. In Study 1 (N = 646), analyses indicated that NMRE, alexithymia, and childhood maltreatment were significant independent predictors of CB. For Study 2, a subset of participants from the Study 1 pool (N = 295) who met the criterion for clinical levels of CB were selected, based on their self-report. Analyses revealed that NMRE buffered the effect of maltreatment: among participants with high NMRE-higher levels of maltreatment were associated with minimal increases in CB and impulsive spending behavior. Being confident that one can control one's unpleasant moods was a protective factor from the maladaptive consequences of childhood maltreatment. Increasing NMRE early in psychotherapy for CB may result in clients' using more adaptive coping strategies.