Unnatural Behavior Research Articles

A Bhattacharyya-type Conditional Error Bound for Quadratic Discriminant Analysis

We give an upper bound on the conditional error of Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA), conditioned on parameter estimates. In the case of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), our bound recovers the well-known Chernoff and Bhattacharyya bounds in the infinite sample limit. We perform an empirical assessment of the behaviour of our bound in a finite sample MLE setting, demonstrating good agreement with the out-of-sample error, in contrast with the simpler but uninformative estimated error, which exhibits unnatural behaviour with respect to the sample size. Furthermore, our conditional error bound is applicable whenever the QDA decision function employs parameter estimates that differ from the true parameters, including regularised QDA.

Analogy use in textbook introductions to isostasy: Presentations, perceptions and physics

In teaching, analogies can be used to support the introduction of a new concept or idea with reference to a more familiar one. This relies on the learner’s correct understanding of the (supposedly) familiar situation, their identification of the relevant similarities (structural relations) between the two situations, and of the limits of the similarities. Without these, analogies may reinforce or introduce misconceptions. Through content analysis of 14 introductory textbooks, semi-structured interviews with four students, and analysis of two analogies, we explore how analogies are used as part of introductions to isostasy in introductory geoscience textbooks. Analogies were ubiquitous, but prior knowledge of the source domain was typically assumed and the majority were not elaborated (explained to the learner). Interviews indicate that, in the absence of sufficient elaboration, students turn to superficial similarities for clues on how to apply the analogies. Many textbooks used analogies amenable to this approach, indicating an alignment between textbook strategy and student reactions. However, giving precedence to superficial similarities over explicit elaboration of structural relations may favor a novice approach to learning. Analyzing an analogy using free-body diagrams demonstrates how an apparently relevant analogy can introduce misconceptions, both in terms of the underlying physics (introducing a fictitious force) and the Earth application (unnatural behavior of the lithosphere) when not sufficiently, or correctly, elaborated. We conclude that the introductory textbooks place much of the responsibility for appropriate use of their analogies, and for avoiding misconceptions, on the learners and their teachers.

“As Dry Trees That Have No Fruits”

This article publishes the surviving parts of a hitherto unknown Mandaean spell for the protection of a woman from childlessness. The spell has been reconstructed from two fragmentary amulets that were written on lead lamellae in the Sasanid period (MLSC 18 and 19). The overlapping sections of the two amulets show some linguistic differences but are otherwise clearly parallel copies of the same formula. The spell is narrated in the name of Iauar son of Iauar and mentions other figures known from the Mandaean canonical literature. Iauar witnesses the unnatural behavior of the demons, who cause barrenness and infertility by the purloining of male and female seed, and cause infant mortality through acts of demonic violence. The text breaks off at the point where the narrator binds the demons. The formula adds several words to the Mandaic lexicon and a previously unattested form of the 1 c.s. personal pronoun.

Unnatural World—the Study of Marriages Between Zones Three, Four and Five from the Perspective of Unnatural Narrative

As one of the most outstanding contemporary novelists, Doris Lessing, a famous British female writer, won the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature. Doris Lessing’s new work Marriages Between Zones Three, Four and Five has been studied at home and abroad mainly in the aspects of feminism and Sufism in the work. Based on the unnatural narrative theory of post-classical narratologists Jan Albert and Brian Richardson, this paper analyzes the unnatural narrative factors in the stories from three aspects: unnatural space, unnatural role and unnatural behavior. The unnatural of the novel is to prove the unnatural nature of the world in the novel from three aspects: impossible story space, story role and characters’ behavior, and analyze the author's intention behind these unnatural factors -- the world is an interconnected whole, and the progress of human civilization requires people of all countries to be open-minded, inclusive, communicate with each other and learn from each other, in order to jointly promote the overall progress and prosperity of world civilization.

Domestic dogs as a threat to sloths in Costa Rica: A clinical case report and review of the problem

Abstract Human-introduced predators, primarily the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris), and human-modified landscapes conjointly threaten wildlife across Costa Rica. For arboreal species, including the two-fingered sloth (Choloepus hoffmani), the impact of domestic dogs is amplified in areas of habitat fragmentation. In efforts to navigate discontinuous canopies associated with urban development and human encroachment, C. hoffmani is forced to utilize terrestrial locomotion. This unnatural behavior leaves sloths increasingly vulnerable to predation by domestic dogs, which occupy altered landscapes in high densities. In this report, we detail the ante and postmortem findings associated with C. hoffmani following an extensive attack by three large-breed dogs. The patient sustained severe and fatal polytraumatic injuries targeting the abdominothoracic region. Gross lesions were not readily evident, obscured by unique anatomical characteristics of the species. This report aims to highlight the threat imposed by dogs to sloths and the severity of injuries, with considerations for clinical management in light of C. hoffmani morphology. We review the scope of domestic dog–wildlife conflict in Costa Rica, and propose collaborative mitigation strategies including habitat preservation, domestic dog population control, installation of wildlife corridors, policy initiatives, and dog owner education and public outreach.

Konsep Pendidikan Moral dan Etika dalam Perspektif Kristen

This paper attempts to portray the moral education of today's children froma Christianperspective. The term children today in Indonesia is better known as Kids Age Now. Kids AgeNow is actually a satire on the unnatural behavior of today's children. Moral education is a set ofbasic moral principles and the virtues of attitudes and character that must be owned and madeinto a habit by children from the time they are beginners until they become obedient to God. Inthe modern era, the problems that arise are physical and psychological problems. Physical problems lead to human conditioning as the object of all products of science and technology. This research is a library research (library research). This research collects text data. In this case, the author collects books, articles, internet data and journals that have relevance to the author'ssubject matter. To deal with the problems of Kids Age Now, what is needed is morals that aresourced from the Bible and Christian youth activities. Integration and interconnection betweenthe Bible and Christian youth activities, Science is a solution to create a moral life without losingthe progress of science itself. This will make today's children become children who are not outdated (science and technology) as well as children who have good morals and are commendable. People's perspective will also not view Kids Age Now as immoral children, but Kids Age Now who have good morals and are commendable. and excel in the advancement of science and technology

Dari Laut ke Darat : Dialektika Eksklusi dan Inklusi Sosial Suku Sawang di Belitung Timur

This study aims to investigate about how the dialectic of social exclusion and inclusion occurs in the Sawang Tribe in East Belitung after relocating their living space from sea to land. The Sawang Tribe is a Sea Tribe in the waters of Bangka Belitung since the era of the Sriwijaya Kingdom, then settled on the mainland after being contracted as PT Timah workers in the Dutch colonial era. This study uses the Phenomenology-Based Ethnography method with data collection for two months in 2019 using live-in participatory observation with the Sawang Tribe in Seberang, Selinsing Village, Gantung District, East Belitung Regency, Indonesia. The results of the study conclude that the process of land settlement is very significant causing a number of risks to the living space of the Sawang Tribe. Social exclusion is caused by the stigma resulting from interactions between ethnic groups who view the unnatural behavior of sea people living on land. Meanwhile, the process of social inclusion is dominated by the psychosocial domain, which views the ethos of the Sawang Tribe as helpers and hardworkers, as well as experts in supernatural abilities.

GENERASI MUDA YANG BERKARAKTER DAN BERMORAL: WHY NOT?

This journal discusses the moral education of today's children from a Christian perspective. The term today's children in Indonesia is better known as Kids Age Now. Kids Age Now is actually an allusion to the unnatural behavior of today's children. Education that is distanced and moral is a series of basic moral principles and the virtues of attitudes and character that children must have and make habits from a beginner's time until they become obedient to God. This research is a library research with a literature study approach through reference sources, such as books, articles, journals, and other scientific sources used in the discussion of this research. To deal with the problems of Kids Age Now, morals that are sourced from the Bible and Christian youth activities are needed. The goal is that today's children become children who have good character and are commendable. Being a Christian youth with character and morals is not easy, because Christian youths with character and morals are youths whose behavior follows the teachings of Christ, have Bible-based morals, are able to be good Christian youths, and do the right things and what Christ wants.

Konsep Pendidikan Moral dan Etika Dalam Perspektif Kristen

This paper attempts to portray the moral education of today's children froma Christianperspective. The term children today in Indonesia is better known as Kids Age Now. Kids AgeNow is actually a satire on the unnatural behavior of today's children. Moral education is a set ofbasic moral principles and the virtues of attitudes and character that must be owned and madeinto a habit by children from the time they are beginners until they become obedient to God. Inthe modern era, the problems that arise are physical and psychological problems. Physical problems lead to human conditioning as the object of all products of science and technology. This research is a library research (library research). This research collects text data. In this case, the author collects books, articles, internet data and journals that have relevance to the author'ssubject matter. To deal with the problems of Kids Age Now, what is needed is morals that aresourced from the Bible and Christian youth activities. Integration and interconnection betweenthe Bible and Christian youth activities, Science is a solution to create a moral life without losingthe progress of science itself. This will make today's children become children who are not outdated (science and technology) as well as children who have good morals and are commendable. People's perspective will also not view Kids Age Now as immoral children, but Kids Age Now who have good morals and are commendable. and excel in the advancement of science and technology

The Transgender Journey and its Psychiatric Implications: A Case Observation and Comparative Analysis between Transgenderism and Clinical Lycanthropy

International Journal of Medicine and Public Health,2022,12,3,137-145.DOI:10.5530/ijmedph.2022.3.25Published:August 2022Type:Original ArticleThe Transgender Journey and its Psychiatric Implications: A Case Observation and Comparative Analysis between Transgenderism and Clinical LycanthropyCharles Micallef Charles Micallef Independent Researcher, Malta. Abstract:Introduction: The paper deals with gender dysphoria (gender identity) and helps the reader understand that people are not born in wrong bodies thus linking the understanding with unnatural behaviour. Methods: The second part compares transgenderism with a psychiatric condition: clinical lycanthropy. We see a case of someone believing he was a bird and how he was cured. Results: The author highlights similarities between the two conditions. In both scenarios there could be delusions and the individuals are unhappy with their bodies. The unshakeable belief in drastically changing one’s body is not normal and should receive psychological or psychiatric treatment. Conclusion: A number of bioethical statements are presented. The author reminds healthcare workers to adhere to the medical principle of ‘first do no harm’ when considering gender affirmative treatment and advises that political decisions should not be based on just palliative approaches. It is concluded that gender remains binary. The transgender or third gender is a socio-political construct. Keywords:Clinical lycanthropy, Delusion, Gender affirmative treatment, Gender dysphoria, Gender identity, Transgender, TransgenderismView:PDF (344.1 KB)

TINJAUAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DAN PENYELEWENGAN KEKUASAAN OLEH PEJABAT NEGARA

Efforts to combat corruption in Indonesia have been made in a variety of ways, but corruption continues to be perpetrated in a variety of ways by a variety of institutions, not least against village funds. The writing style is juridical-normative, with a statutory approach and examples of corruption in the village. Corruption poses a number of threats to society and individuals, the younger generation, politics, the nation's economy, and the bureaucracy. There are obstacles to combating corruption, including structural, cultural, instrumental, and management barriers. Corruption is defined as the unnatural behavior of public officials, including politicians and state employees, to enrich themselves or a nearby group by using the power entrusted to them, according to the law of eradicating corruption, which is one of the most important agendas in overcoming corruption cases of corruption criminal courts, which are institutions that are trusted to handle a case. Corruption investigates and decides on a case.
 Keywords: Village Fund, Corruption, History of Corruption, Law Enforcement of Corruption in Indonesia

ANALISIS KESULITAN BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPA KELAS V DI SD N 37/II PASAR LUBUK LANDAI KECEMATAN TANAH SEPENGGAL KABUPATEN BUNGO

The problems found in the class of SD N 37/II Pasar Lubuk Landai there are 4 students who have learning difficulties, namely Ragil Saputra, Altha Putri Hayu, Rizal Pramono, Nuesupina by showing thesymptoms experrienced by students such as the result obtained are not inaccordance with the efforts made done, slow in doing the task, showing indifference, difficultto focus, showing unnatural behavior such as always noisy, disorganized during learning. So this study aims to determine the form of learning difficulties, and efforts to evercome learning difficulties in class V at SD N 37/II Pasar Lubuk Landai, Tanah Sepenggal Kabupaten Bungo district. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method. Research informants there are 4 students from 9 subjects of class V students who have learning difficulties the data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentations. The research instruments used are observation, sheets, interview guidelines and documentation. Data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The result of the study indicate that thereare two forms of learning difficulties for students. First, there are 2 students who have learning disabilities, namely learning disabilities,and 2 students who experience slow learning. Factors causing learning difficulties include internal factors in the form of learning motivation. Study habits, attitudes in learning as well as external factors including the famuly, community, and school environment white efforts to overcome leaerning difficulties are to provideasistance in the form of 1) group study guidance 2) individual study guidance 3) remedial teaching 4) personal guidance 5) case transfer.

Integrasi Pendidikan Karakter pada Pembelajaran Tematik Tema 3 di MI Baiturrahman Sundul Parang Magetan

The problems experienced by the community today are increasingly complex and diverse, and have become entrenched in the community environment, especially regarding character education. The educational process that aims to educate and shape the human personality to be better provides challenges to a learning in the classroom with characteristics and problems brought by students. It is ironic to hear good news on TV, social media, the Internet, which shows unnatural behavior seen by students in school, especially in elementary school; Students who dare to beat their parents, speed on the highway, criminality, or even acts of violence either committed by students or their parents. Based on the statement, the implementation of character education to the learning process in MI becomes a must that must be done and applied, because it is considered able to make learners become smarter, and able to educate learners who have manners and character and make learners become useful individuals in their families or in the community. This study uses the ADDIE model's Development Research Method (R&D) with qualitative data analysis techniques (Miles and Haberman), because the topics raised by researchers relate to the development of "Character Education" Teaching Materials related to social problems or student behavior, and "Character Formation" in the learning process in schools/madrasah.

Perilaku Alami dan Tidak Alami Burung Kakatua Jambul Kuning (Cacatua sp.) di Animal Sanctuary Trust Indonesia, Jawa Barat


 
 
 Cockatoo (Cacatua sp.) is one of birds that is widely distributed in Indonesia and often kept as pet, thus threatening the Cacatua population in the wild. Environmental condition may affect the behavior of Cockatoo. Some unnatural behavior may arise due to living in the captive. Different cage conditions may result in different behavior performance in Cockatoo. Research on daily behavior at animal rescue sites at ASTI Bogor has never been conducted. This study aimed to analyze natural and stereotype behavior of Cacatua sp. at animal rescue center due to foreclosure, and analyze the relationship between cage condition and environmental factors. This study used focal instantaneous sampling, using eight individuals Cacatua sp. Cacatua sp. in ASTI performed natural behavior more than unnatural behavior, therefore ASTI can be a good place for animal rescue. The dominant natural behaviors were Resting (Re), Preening (Pr), Feeding (Fe), Locomotion (Lo), and Fighting (Fg), while unnatural behaviors were play, bite, abnormal vocalization, feather picking and aggressive. There are no difference in behavior between male and female, and also behavior in the morning and afternoon (p>0.05), but cage condition had a significant effect to daily behavior of Cacatua sp. (<0.05).
 
 

A Global Survey of Current Zoo Housing and Husbandry Practices for Fossa: A Preliminary Review

The fossa is a specialized Malagasy carnivore housed in ex situ facilities since the late 19th century. Moderate breeding success has occurred since the 1970s, and welfare issues (notably stereotypic pacing behaviour) are commonly documented. To understand challenges relating to fossa housing and husbandry (H&H) across global facilities and to identify areas of good practice that dovetail with available husbandry standards, a survey was distributed to ZIMS-registered zoos in 2017. Results showed that outdoor housing area and volume varied greatly across facilities, the majority of fossa expressed unnatural behaviours, with pacing behaviour the most frequently observed. All fossa received enrichment, and most had public access restricted to one or two sides of the enclosure. The majority of fossa were locked in/out as part of their daily management and forty-one percent of the fossa surveyed as breeding individuals bred at the zoo. Dense cover within an enclosure, restricted public viewing areas, a variable feeding schedule and limited view of another species from the fossa exhibit appear to reduce the risk of unnatural behavior being performed. The achievement of best practice fossa husbandry may be a challenge due to its specialized ecology, the limited wild information guiding captive care, and the range of housing dimensions and exhibit features provided by zoos that makes identification of standardized practices difficult. We recommended that holders evaluate how and when enrichment is provided and assess what they are providing for environmental complexity as well as consider how the public views their fossa.

The Always Instituted Economy and the Disembedded Market: Polanyi’s Dual Critique of Market Capitalism

Polanyi’s concept of “embeddedness” has been the subject of debate. Various authors have argued that it reveals a contradiction. They contend that Polanyi states that all economies are always embedded, while simultaneously maintaining that the modern market economy is exceptional because it is disembedded. Others claim that there is no contradiction in Polanyi’s thought but that he is merely describing a contradiction of the market economy. In this text, I argue that both sides fail to discern two different concepts: “institutedness” and “embeddedness.” “Institutedness” denotes the idea that economic behavior is always dependent on and the result of certain forms of social organization. In turn, the distinction between embeddedness and disembeddedness is inspired by the Aristotelian distinction between natural and unnatural economic behavior. This distinction refers to the finality of economic behavior: is it directed at the thriving of an ethical community or is it instead directed at wealth acquisition as an end in itself? I argue that both institutedness and (dis)embeddedness fulfill a crucial, though different, role in Polanyi’s critique of market capitalism. I conclude by giving a preliminary outline of what could be the implications for a (neo-)Polanyian political economy of my analysis.

Enlarging the Usable Hand Tracking Area by Using Multiple Leap Motion Controllers in VR

Leap Motion Controller (LMC) is a widely-used 3D user-interface device for virtual reality (VR) in hand tracking applications. However, the tracking area of a single LMC is not sufficient to cover the complete range of hand motion typically used in virtual reality applications, which can cause inconvenience and unnatural behavior of bare-hand interaction in a cooperated virtual environment. In this paper, we propose fusing the data from multiple LMCs to enlarge the tracking area. We present our shared-view calibration method based on a Least-squares Fitting algorithm. To track two hands in the enlarged tracking area, we propose a multi-targets tracking algorithm based on a Clustering-based Labeled Probability Hypothesis Density filter implemented by Gaussian mixture approach. A hand-recognition confidence is proposed to improve the tracking performance when hands are incorrectly recognized. The performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated by three tests based on a five-LMCs system used on an Oculus Rift S. Results show that our system can track two hands stably in the range of 202.16 degrees horizontally and 164.43 degrees vertically, and the proposed algorithm shows superiority in tracking robustness under hand-recognition errors. The contribution of this paper is to provide a detailed guide for designing an enlarged hand-tracking system using sensor fusion.

The influence of sham feedback on physiological processing during fear-driven stimulation

Biofeedback constitutes a well-established, non-invasive method to voluntary interfere in emotional processing by means of cognitive strategies. However, treatment durations exhibit strong inter-individual variations and first successes can often be achieved only after a large number of sessions. Sham feedback constitutes a rather untapped approach by providing feedback that does not correspond to the participant’s actual state. The current study aims to gain insights into mechanisms of sham feedback processing in order to support new techniques in biofeedback therapy. We carried out two experiments and applied different types of sham feedback on skin conductance responses and pupil size changes during affective processing. Results indicate that standardized but context-sensitive sham signals based on skin conductance responses exert a stronger influence on emotional regulation compared to individual sham feedback from ongoing pupil dynamics. Also, sham feedback should forego unnatural signal behavior to avoid irritation and skepticism among participants. Altogether, a reasonable combination of stimulus features and sham feedback characteristics enables to considerably reduce the actual bodily responsiveness already within a single session.

First target strength measurement of Trachurus mediterraneus and Scomber colias in the Mediterranean Sea

Knowing the species-specific target strength (TS) allows converting volume backscattering strength to numerical abundance. Since the acoustic surveys conducted for biomass assessment in the Mediterranean Sea currently focus on the echoes of two or three target pelagic species, the TS of non-target species has seldom been investigated in this basin. This is the first study of the TS of two pelagic species – Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus) and Atlantic chub mackerel (Scomber colias) – in the Mediterranean Sea. A pilot approach using tethered live fish but not involving hooks and anesthetic was tested in experiments using a split-beam scientific echosounder operating at 38, 120, and 200 kHz. The mean TS was estimated for 29 live fish. The relationship between TS and fish length was determined with a standard linear regression model; the b20 conversion parameter was obtained with the slope forced to 20. b20 was computed at all frequencies for both species. The key values at 38 kHz were −71.4 dB for T. mediterraneus and −71.6 dB for S. colias. Although these results differ from those obtained with in situ and ex situ experiments using Pacific chub mackerel and other species of the genus Trachurus, they have the potential to provide new reference values for T. mediterraneus and S. colias biomass assessment in the Mediterranean Sea. The proposed method removes some potential biases due to the unnatural behavior of anesthetized fish. Moreover, it provides an alternative to hooks, although the use of a piece of rope instead of the hook seems to increase the acoustic reflectivity of the tethering apparatus.

Analysis of Factors Causing Homosexual Behavior in Gay Teens

During the development phase, adolescents have developmental tasks that must be fulfilled. One form of adolescent development tasks is the correct sexual desire and attraction towards the opposite sex. But in reality, there are still developmental tasks that are not in accordance with norms and deviant behavior in the form of a tendency for someone with the same sex. There are many reasons that cause a person to be homosexual, for biological, psychological and environmental reasons as well as various other reasons. This study is a qualitative study aimed at analyzing the factors that cause homosexual behavior. Subjects in this study amounted to three people with criteria including the subject feeling attracted to fellow men, the subject realizes that he is attracted to the same sex, and the subject has or is in a same-sex relationship. The instruments or tools used in this study were interview and observation guidelines. To describe the factors causing gay behavior in this study, a thematic analysis was carried out by carrying out a transcript of the interview that had been verbatim. From this research, it is revealed that the factors causing gay behavior in the research subject include (1) the condition of the family background in which the relationship between the research subject and the parents has a significant influence on his decision making to be gay. The main factor found is the parenting style of parents, especially fathers, which greatly contributed to the subject's deviant and unnatural behavior, (2) the effect of the social or social environment also contributed to the subject's decision making to be gay. Therefore, it is necessary for parents to create intensive communication with their children, so that parents know and follow their children's development in order to achieve the correct sexual orientation and not deviate. The care and attention of parents towards the child's life has an important role in shaping the child's own behavior.