Unmarried Girl Research Articles

A rare case of hepatic endometriosis and its malignant transformation

Hepatic endometriosis is a very rare condition that is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue within the hepatic parenchyma. Preoperative diagnosis is often difficult through cross-sectional imaging. Histopathologic evaluation remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Until now only a handful of cases have been reported in medical literature. We report a case of hepatic endometriosis in a 24-year-old, unmarried girl with a history of recurrent hepatic cysts in the right lobe of the liver after two previous surgeries. She underwent a right hepatectomy. The diagnosis was confirmed through histopathology assessment.

PERBUDAKAN MODERN DI ARAB SAUDI: SEKSUALITAS MAJIKAN DAN BUDAK PEREMPUAN DI ZAMAN JAHILIYAH

Slavery is not a product of Islam as it existed long before the Prophet Muhammad came. Even in the Qur'an, there are strong indications that enjoying sex with an unmarried slave girl is the same as enjoying it with a legal wife, so it is not even called zina in the Qur'an. It is evident that during the pre-Islamic era, sexuality between a master and his slave girl was commonplace. This research is a literature that is sourced in the form of books, journals and previous research that has the same theme of discussion as this issue. The result of this writing is that in Islam, the master or employer having sex with a slave girl is allowed and is not called adultery because it is stated in the Al-Qur'an surah Al-Mu'minun verses 5-7. The slavery that currently occurs in Saudi Arabia with various forms of slavery, one of which is the forced sexual intercourse of the master against his slave girl, is an act that is strictly prohibited and hated in Islam because it lowers the dignity and dignity of women.

A rare bleeding disorder with severe haemorrhagic manifestation

Factor V is a major part of the coagulation system and maintains a balance in pro-coagulant and anticoagulant pathways. Any deficiency or mutation can lead to disequilibrium in coagulation. Factor V deficiency can be congenital or acquired. Congenital factor V deficiency (parahemophilia or Owren’s disease) is a rare autosomal recessive condition. We present a case of an adolescent unmarried girl presenting with an acute abdomen and deranged coagulation parameters. It was confirmed that the bilateral haemorrhagic ovarian cysts and hemoperitoneum were due to factor V deficiency. In her case, the bleeding was likely due to a ruptured corpus luteum during ovulation. She was successfully managed conservatively with red cells and fresh frozen plasma transfusions, tranexamic acid and combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) with instructions to continue the use of COCP to prevent such bleeding manifestations.

Unlikely Friends in Patriarchal Lands: An Ecofeminist Reading of Rajasthani Folktale “Sonal Bai”

"Sonal Bai" is a popular folktale about a girl told by women in Rajasthani-speaking areas of north India to initiate young girls into adulthood. This paper investigates the metaphorical representation of a girl’s coming of age through her relationship with a Sandalwood tree analysing, "Sonal Bai" as an ecofeminist text. The story renders voice to socially prohibited themes of menstruation and women’s sensual desire as embodied in silent friendship between a sandalwood tree and Sonal (girl with golden hair). The paper highlights how the outwardly simple tale of “Sonal Bai” is in fact an encoded lesson for teenage girls, inverted as a relationship between two highly treasured “belongings”/ “commodities”—sandalwood and a unmarried girl—in a patriarchal society economically dependent on agriculture. The sandalwood tree is highly valuable for farmers; different parts of the tree are used to produce furniture, oil, fragrance and food items. It is also a part of religious rituals where its essence is used as tilak on idols in Hindu traditions. Rajasthani Language is spoken prominently in the desert regions of India (Thar Desert) and the existence of such a tree in a desert is as precious and rare as a girl with golden hair. The paper draws reference from recurrent invocation of olfactory senses of the listeners captured by the images of the sandalwood tree in the story. It also explores use of growth metaphors using ‘rhizome’ like imagery of sandalwood branches reaching the sky which become an escape route for a teenage girl hiding from her family. The temporal and spatial indicators are infused together in the story of Sonal Bai leading to an unlikely friendship between two prized possessions that eventually breaks with the arrival of a patriarchal archetype: a handsome young prince. This study discusses the prevalent katha culture in India where women exercise freedom of voice through singing and narrating tales within all-female groups. This site of independent feminine interaction in a highly patriarchal society is investigated using Bakhtin’s “Chronotope” to highlight culturally encoded lessons in folktales meant for young girls in Indian society as a means of informal education.

Synchronous presentation of borderline phyllodes tumour and tubular adenoma in a background of fibrocystic disease - A case report

Mammary fibroepithelial lesions encompass a wide spectrum of tumours ranging from an indolent fibroadenoma to potentially fatal malignant phyllodes tumour. Here, we report a case of 22 -year -old unmarried girl with bilateral breast lump for one month who underwent wide local excision which on histopathological examination revealed borderline phyllodes tumour and tubular adenoma in a background of fibrocystic disease with adenosis, marked epithelial hyperplasia, fibro adenomatoid change and apocrine metaplasia a rare occurrence which can be confused with benign and malignant lesions of the breast.

Evaluation of Gynaecological Problems among Adolescent Girls attending Gynaecology out Patient Department at Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Rajasthan

Background To evaluated various gynaecological problems among adolescent girls attending gynaecology out patient department at tertiary care hospital in Western Rajasthan Methods Hospital Based cross sectional study conducted on 138 adolescent girls. Study population will consist of all unmarried Adolescent girl’s age 10-19 yrs. attending outpatient department of obstetrics and Gynaecology Sardar Patel medical college Bikaner. Inclusion criteria All the unmarried adolescent female with age 10-19 yrs. Who come to Gynae OPD with any gynaecological complaint and willing to participants? Exclusion criteria Those not willing to participate and not given consent. Age less than <10 years and more than >19 years.

Virginity as a sign of Masculinity: The case of the Borana Oromo, Ethiopia

This article discusses the socially constructed masculinity of unmarried girls among the Borana in southern Ethiopia. The Borana practice the longstanding Gadaa political system, which was inscribed by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage of humanity in 2016. Data for this article was gathered through qualitative approaches, including interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and direct observation of the 2012 Gadaa general assembly. Such an assembly is held once every eight years to enact new Gadaa rules and amend the existing ones. The findings indicated that the Gadaa system provides rules regulating Borana marriage lives, including premarital virginity for girls. The Borana refers to an unmarried girl as “dubra gammee,” which means “a virgin girl,” who has a masculine identity and is “a male person.” Unmarried girls have certain physical markers, particularly a hairstyle that they share with boys. Any sexual act with unmarried girls is therefore homosexual and punishable. Gadaa and all related institutions care for the premarital virginity of girls. The Gadaa rules impose punishment unconditionally on men who have sex with unmarried girls. On the other hand, the Borana tolerate extramarital sexual relations, which has partly contributed to maintaining the premarital sexual innocence of Borana girls.

An Eco-feminist Study of Lalithambika Antharjanam's "A Leaf in the Storm' and Jamila Hashmi's "Exile"

Abstract: Women are compared to nature. This is not a new phenomenon rather this tendency has been coming since the dawn of civilization because of their reproductive, nurturing, life giving competence .This paper will try to hold forth an eco-feminist study on two Indian Partition short stories. One is Lalithambika Antharjanam’s “A Leaf in the Storm” (1948, “Kodumkaattipetta Orila” in Malayalam), other one is Jamila Hashmi’s” Exile” (1969, “Banbas” in Urdu). An Indian partition story is generally expounded from some common angles such as horror experiences of abducted women during Indian Partition in 1947, trauma, rape, dislocation, bloodshed, etc. due to communal riots of that time. This paper is a new intuition of reading the above mentioned stories, as it is now going to show an eco-feminist study of the same. It will show how eco-feminism as an ideology and spiritual realization heals unmarried girl Jyoti’s ( protagonist of “A Leaf In The Storm”) wounds which she got being impregnated by rival community males during communal riots of Indian Partition and how after getting mental healing Jyoti accepts her newborn baby as her own correlating her baby with natural elements. And it will also show how Bibi, the protagonist of “Exile”, being abducted by Gurpal, gets emotional support by comparing her own existence with that of a “pear” tree. For Bibi, her girl child is the metaphorical main root of her life tree. A transparent metaphorical representation of women to Nature is seen in both the stories. This impersonation evokes a spiritual eco-feminist study.

Vulvar leiomyoma in an adolescent girl: a case report and review of the literature

BackgroundVulvar leiomyoma is a rare soft tissue tumor, with only around 300 cases described in the literature. Owing to its low incidence of just 0.03% of all gynecological tumors, it often poses a great diagnostic challenge, especially in teenagers. We report this rare occurrence of vulvar leiomyoma in a teenage girl who was primarily left untreated due to cultural taboos and fear of loss of virginity. The main aim in presenting such rare case studies is to raise awareness and expand the diagnostic horizon of the surgeon for appropriate management.Case presentationWe describe a case of a 15-year-old North Indian, sexually inactive unmarried girl, who presented with a history of painless swelling in the left labia majora for the last 1 year, which gradually increased in size. There was no associated pain or any other difficulty. Local examination revealed a 14 × 10 cm solid, unilateral nonpedunculated mass on the left labia majora with superficial vascularity. Differential diagnoses of sarcoma, lipoma, Bartholin cyst, and fibroid were kept in mind. Ultrasonography revealed a solid mass with superficial vascularity with normal internal genitalia. The mass was enucleated with an intact capsule under anesthesia. Histopathology confirmed it to be benign vulvar leiomyoma. The patient was discharged after 3 days in a satisfactory condition.ConclusionLeiomyoma of the vulva is an exceptionally rare tumor and is seldom seen in teenagers. It is often misinterpreted as a Bartholin cyst and should be kept as one of the differential diagnosis in teenage girls presenting with unilateral vulvar swelling. Vulvar leiomyoma can be completely cured by surgical removal if diagnosed timely without compromising virginity, so should never be missed in adolescents.

Marriage of an unmarried girl (A virgin); without the permission of the guardian; in the light of Pakistani and Islamic law (Evolution and analytical study)

Marriage of an unmarried girl (A virgin); without the permission of the guardian; in the light of Pakistani and Islamic law (Evolution and analytical study)

A Case of Rupture Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosed 10 Days After Hospital Stay In A 22-Year-Old Girl Presented With Symptoms of Anemia Without Abdominal Pain and Amenorrhea: Lessons Learned

A 22-year-old unmarried Myanmar girl presented with symptoms of anemia: fatigue, exertional dyspnea and fainting attack. There was no abdominal pain or amenorrhea. The hemodynamic status was stable except sinus tachycardia. Anemia was refractory to blood transfusion; thus, the differential diagnosis were autoimmune hemolytic anemia and occult blood loss. Blood film, bone marrow examination, Comb tests, Anti-nuclear antibody profile and PNH screen tests excluded autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Presence of fibrous strands in free fluids of abdominal cavity with normal uterus and ovary mislead the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Blood tap in ascitic fluid aspiration made all the answer- rupture ectopic pregnancy. The symptoms resolved after right salpingectomy and blood transfusion. The clerking on sexual exposure to Myanmar single is not acceptable in our culture; it is regarded as “social insult”. Atypical presentation and not asking sexual history caused delay in diagnosis; diagnosed 10 days after hospital stay. She recovered uneventfully.

Balinese Calonarang in Performance

Balinese <i>Calonarang</i> in Performance

Закрытые и открытые структуры в традиционных женских обрядах

Women’s initiatory rituals or women’s rites of passage in which the status of a woman changes is one of the least studied areas in cultural anthropology and history. The reason is the closeness of this sphere from the external view, especially from the view of an outside male researcher. Ethnographic information is usually rather scarce and contradictory, and historical information is almost absent. Some exception, perhaps, is the wedding ceremony, which marks the most important stage in a woman’s life in traditional society and is reflected in the literature more widely. It would be interesting to reconstruct the system of women’s rituals as a whole, but based on the available material this is a difficult task. The article has a more modest goal — to try to reveal the “logic” of symbolic thinking, which manifests itself in women’s rituals of transition on the example of a wedding ceremony. According to our hypothesis, the status of an unmarried girl is characterized by closed structures, a closed contour, for example, the side strands of hair “tulym” are woven into one braid, the bride’s earrings are connected by a chain. After marriage, the structures open, the circuit opens, for example, “tulym” is braided into two separate braids, and the chain connecting the earrings is removed. The reasoning of the archaeologist E.R. Usmanova and her co-authors about the gender symbolism of a medieval Turkic female statue became the impetus for revealing this “logic”. The symbolism of the knees of the girlish stone image brought together and the relaxed position of the legs of the statue of a nursing woman is obvious. It can be assumed that it was this symbolism that was developed in other open and closed structures associated with women’s rites

Diagnostic Dilemma During Laparoscopic Cystectomy of Twisted Serous Cystadenofibroma of Ovary in Adolescent Girl – A Case Report with Literature Review

The most ovarian tumor arises from the surface epithelium and the serous tumor is the most common histological variant. Serous cystadenofibroma is a rare variant of serous tumor that comprises both epithelial and fibrous stromal components. They are benign in nature but may often be misinterpreted as malignant nature due to their solid cystic nature with papillary projections. We herein report a case of twisted right ovarian cyst in 17 years unmarried girl that was clinically and radiologically benign and hence managed laparoscopically. Intraoperatively cyst ruptured that released clear serous fluid. During cystectomy, multiple small to large size (maximum 2x2 cm) papillary projections were noted within the uninoculated cyst without any other solid components. With the possibility of a borderline tumor, the patient party was counseled and opted for cystectomy with the possible need for a second surgery. The final histopathology report was benign serous cystadenofibroma.

YOGIC INTERVENTION ON ACADEMIC STRESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AMONG YOUNG ADULT GIRLS

Yogic therapies are traditional, the oldest, and powerful combination with various methods to cope with different stressors and developing a healthy mental and physical health as an interventional program. The present study aimed to see the effect of yogic techniques on academic stress and psychological well-being among young adult girls. A total of 20 young adult unmarried nursing girl students were selected with age range 17-20 Years, and then randomly divided into 02 groups, 10 in experimental and 10 in control group. Scale for Assessing Academic Stress (SAAS) and Checklist for Psychological well-being were used as assessment tools. They assessed at the beginning and after 30 days of yogic practices intervention program. The Experimental group has been received a structured yogic intervention programme. The result found that yogic practices has signicantly effective on academic stress and psychological well-being on experimental group participants. Yogic practices are also effective in enhancing self-esteem level, positive mental-health and to developing self-awareness to all age groups.

Fundamental Principles and Features of Stereotyped Customs of Upbiringing Girl in Kazakh Cultrure

The article deals with the idea of the Kazakh people about the upbringing of girls, as well as their upbringing in the family. Also, this study analyses the reasons for the appearance of various superstitions and beliefs associated with the birth of a girl, the attitude to the girl as a guest in the family, the importance of education received in the house from family and relatives before marriage, the behavior of the girl, what you need to know when entering into marriage and how to behave in the husband's house. Girls were not allowed to sit on the doorstep. In addition, if a young, unmarried girl came to visit someone, the owners of the house, welcoming her cordially, were seated in a place of honor. Distributing meat in trays, the girls were delivered a part of the animal in the coccyx area so that the girl's hair was long and strong, they were given the neck of the horse, where the mane grew. According to legends, if a girl came to the house and was seated in a place of honor, then happiness and prosperity come with her, but if she was seated at the doorstep, then all her misfortunes will remain in the house.Along with this, the article describes in detail the reasons why centuries-old national traditions are still preserved in rural areas, but are forgotten in cities.

Primary Leiomyoma of ovary – A rare case report presenting with clinical diagnosis of subserosal uterine fibroid

Primary leiomyoma of ovary are rare benign ovarian tumors. We present a rare case report of ovarian leiomyoma who was planned for laparotomy with a clinical diagnosis of subserosal uterine fibroid. Twenty three years old unmarried girl presented with heaviness and mass in lower abdomen, gravid uterus size of 20 weeks. Abdominal Ultrasonography raised suspicion of subserous fibroid. MRI pelvis was suggestive of ovarian neoplasm versus broad ligament fibroid. On laparotomy and removal of mass, histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed leiomyoma of ovary. Presently she is on follow up without any complaints. Ovarian leiomyoma is clinically often misdiagnosed and should be kept in differential diagnosis in lower abdominal masses.

Benign Cystadenofibroma Masquerading Malignant Tumor

ABSTRACT Introduction Cystadenofibroma of the ovary is a rare benign epithelial tumor of the ovary that impersonates with malignant features like solid nodule and papillae on imaging as well on gross examination of the specimen. Case description A 20-year-old unmarried girl visited our outpatient department with a complaint of pain in the lower abdomen for the last 1 year. Transabdominal ultrasonography revealed a well-defined complex cyst of about 9.4 × 7.4 cm size with a small echogenic nodule of 1.74 × 0.8 cm involving the left ovary. On color Doppler, there was an absence of increased internal vascularity. The right ovary was normal. CA 125 was within normal limits. She underwent laparoscopy, multiple solid papillae were seen after removal of a cyst, left salpingo-oophorectomy was done due to suspicion of malignancy. However, the final histopathology report revealed benign cystadenofibroma of the ovary. Conclusion Although there are no confirmatory imaging diagnostic tests to differentiate benign cystadenofibroma from malignant pathology, however, absent blood flow is significantly associated with the benign nature of ovarian cystadenofibromas despite solid nodule and papillae within it. An intraoperative frozen section may help in diagnosis and prevent extensive surgery in patients. How to cite this article Dubey S, Kaushal A, Pavithra HN. Benign Cystadenofibroma Masquerading Malignant Tumor. J Med Sci 2020;6(1):19–21.

Русские ритуальные специалисты Карелии

This study deals with archaic ideas associated with Russian ritual specialists (sorcerers) in Karelia, their initiation, and the sources of their sacred knowledge and power. The author identifies the following signs of different types of “the knowledgeable”: strength, knowledge, the ability to enter altered states of consciousness, as well as to find a source of strength. Particular attention is paid to the specific means that neophytes employed to obtain sacred knowledge — through the teacher’s saliva and urine. Features of the everyday life of Russian ritual specialists in Karelia are also analyzed. It is believed that the main function of sorcerers is to perform maleficium (porcha). The sorcerer causes harm through a mediator who takes possession of a victim and “steals” her vital force, after which the victim becomes weak and dies. In the Russian tradition in Karelia, notions about wedding maleficium persisted throughout the twentieth century, and the study shows that many of its elements go back to archaic rites of passage that were rethought in the 19th and 20th centuries. The wedding is perceived as the symbolic “temporary death” of a person in one status — as an unmarried young fellow or an unmarried girl — and the “birth” of a person in a different status — as a married man or a married woman. The author argues that actions performed by a sorcerer at a wedding, while perceived as harmful to the young couple, are aimed at “introducing” the bride and groom into the state of “temporary death”. Since the “secret knowledge” of the healer is primarily based on the knowledge of incantations (zagovor), the article analyzes the process of passage and circulation of magical incantations in Karelia. The author concludes that the Russian sorcerer of Karelia is a complex figure. On the one hand, the image of the sorcerer retains the archaic features of the demiurge, who, during the wedding ceremony, creates new members of society — a young couple, capable of procreation. The sorcerer also controls the behavior of members of society. On the other hand, his image contains the features of a trickster, who “overturns” the foundations of the world, thus ushering its renewal. The functioning of the “secret knowledge” of the healer is aimed at restoring order out of chaos, restoring the integrity of the body, which the sorcerer has violated by “sending” sickness to a person. The mythological features of the image of the healer who heals at the cost of his own health, often through adoption of sickness from the patient, can be compared with the features of heroes-demiurges who sacrifice themselves.

Woman, girl and wife in Swedish and Russian comparative paremias

The article deals with Swedish and Russian proverbs about girl, woman, and wife, which have a comparative structure. We propose a classification of the paremias of two languages from the structural perspective, identify categories and productive models of the proverbial languages, and show general and national-culturally determined attitudes verbalized by paremiological units. This leads us to conclude that proverbs with an explicit comparison, with the help of formal linguistic means, opposition and metaphors, prevail in both Swedish and Russian. Structural differences lie in the presence of a large-scale category of paremias expressing the position of the subjects of comparison with the common predicate in the Swedish language; in the Russian language there are units expressing comparison through negation. Most Swedish paremias characterize a woman as opposed to a man, and the wife is presented diffusely and is rarely formally separated from the general idea of a woman; Russian units separately single out the wife as the leading woman’s status in family life. A small number of paremias of both languages are dedicated to the unmarried girl. Both in Swedish and Russian proverbs the masculine view dominates, which is due to the time of origin of these linguistic units, in which a negative assessment of woman prevails. In both Swedish and Russian paremias, a woman is endowed with such qualities as talkativeness, quarrelsomeness, stupidity, and excessive emotionality. In the units of the two languages, an evil woman is marked. The differences lie in the attitude verbalized in the proverbs of the two languages, to the physical impact on a woman by a man, in a negative assessment of the beautiful appearance of the wife in Russian paremias, as well as in the thematic areas of the images used. If Swedish proverbs use images of natural phenomena, then Russian units use household realities. Swedish proverbs less categorically declare that women are less valuable than men, unlike Russian proverbs.