Unmanned Substation Research Articles

Optimization of substation enclosure performance and carbon emission analysis based on OED

To explore the thermal performance parameters of substation enclosure parameters and interaction and influence degree, using the DeST software simulation and orthogonal test method to building load minimum as the target parameters, select external wall heat transfer coefficient, roof heat transfer coefficient, outer window heat transfer coefficient and orthogonal test factors, carry out the four factors three level L9 (34) Orthogonal test analysis, studied the influence of each factor and its interaction on the building load, and finally obtained the optimal combination of factors under the comprehensive boundary conditions. At the same time, the correlation between load and outdoor temperature in the optimal scheme of unmanned substation and the carbon emission results before and after optimization are also explored. The results show that through univariate analysis, with the heat transfer coefficient of exterior wall, roof and window, the cumulative cooling load is not linear. Through the orthogonal experimental analysis, the significance of substation building is> roof exterior wall> south Angle> window, and the optimal is A1-B1-C2-D2The annual cumulative building cooling load is 20165.59 kW h, and the peak cooling load appears on July 24. The operating condition of 0 ~ 9kW accounts for 90.6% of the annual operating time. There is a strong linear correlation between the building cooling load and the outdoor temperature (R2=0.65), the energy saving rate of the final optimized scheme is 17.71%, and the carbon saving rate is 26.72%. The research content of this paper provides reference for the renovation of existing buildings and the design of new buildings in substation buildings.

Investigation of Intelligent Substation Inspection Robot by Using Mobile Data

Substation equipment inspection is essential for the power industry. The expansion of the smart grid scale improves the transmission capacity and enhances the likelihood of power plant facilities failure. To ensure the safety of the electric power supply, it is essential to inspect substation equipment. Metal commercial equipment can be traversed by remote inspection robots equipped with magnetic wheels. It is possible to use robots like this to examine equipment and pipelines remotely. In many cases, these gadgets are able to scale vertical surfaces and even traverse obstacles with a variety of shapes. Finally, researchers in the field of robotics have indicated that challenges such as restricted onboard battery capacity, undependable line fault detection, electrical insulation, power mechanism, and advanced control techniques for outer wind disruption are highly promising research areas. To build an unmanned, intelligent, and succeeded substation, the substation progressively implements inspection robots instead of physical exertion. Hence, in this paper, the mobile-based Intelligent Tracking Framework (MITF) has been proposed using inspection robots. This inspection robot is autonomous and can be used for various tracking tools: visual, infrared, and partial charge–discharge camera. The robot is integrated with a camera and thermal infrared imager sensors that have been collectively designated as workload. These inspection sensors are used to detect environmental parameters such as reading meters, evaluation thermoelectric temperature. The accurate localization of working loads and the inspection robot electromagnetic interference within substations have been resolved. This mobile robot delivers innovative monitoring and precise detection for the unmanned substation and smart substation. The suggested approach’s effectiveness is verified through experiment results based on the electrical equipment of the substation. The experimental outcome of the proposed method boosts the Meter Reading Analysis (94.19%), Transmission Capacity Analysis (98.5%), Workload Analysis (98.9%), Temperature Analysis (97.6%), and Safety Analysis (95.41%).

Detection of Falsified Commands on a DER Management System

Distributed energy resource management systems (DERMS) are increasingly deployed to manage potential adverse impacts of DERs on distribution feeder voltages. However, communication channels used by DERMS controllers, along with the unmanned substations where they are deployed, provide a target for cyber attackers to cause severe voltage disturbances. The voltage problems can damage equipment, trip inverters, and cause undesirable operations of voltage regulating devices. In this paper, using detailed cyber-physical models, the various cyberattack paths an adversary may use to conduct falsified control command cyberattacks are presented. Robust and fast acting centralized cyber layer and de-centralized inverter intrusion detection are also proposed. This two-tiered system can detect and mitigate these cyberattacks before the power system layer is impacted, even if the DERMS controller itself has been compromised. The cyberattack models and proposed intrusion detection techniques have been validated using IEEE test feeders.

Maintenance philosophy for an unmanned platform: A case study for an Offshore wind substation

Unmanned installations introduce new challenges for the operations and maintenance. In many offshore windfarms there is a need for offshore substations and these substations can be designed as unmanned installations. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to review and discuss the available maintenance philosophies for unmanned substation platforms and as a result, propose a suitable maintenance philosophy for this type of installations with regards to key performance indicators such as high availability, low maintenance man-hours and minimal fixed maintenance campaigns. It is concluded that maintenance philosophy for unmanned substation shall consider the DIP (Design out and Intelligent preventive maintenance) concept, where the potential benefits of risk-based maintenance, design-out, predictive, and prescriptive maintenance are unlocked. To illustrate the utilization of proposed philosophy, a case study related to cooling system of a substation is presented

Instrument Identification Technology Based on Deep Learning

With the continuous improvement of science and technology, the substation remote control system has been constantly improved, which provides the possibility for the complete realization of intelligent and unmanned substation. However, due to the special substation environment, it is easy to cause interference, coupled with the low accuracy of today’s video image processing algorithm, which leads to the frequent occurrence of false alarms and missing alarms. Manual intervention is needed to deal with this, which inhibits the display of automatic intelligent substation processing functions. Therefore, in this paper, the most rapidly developed machine learning algorithm — deep learning is applied to the substation instrument equipment identification processing, in order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of instrument equipment identification, and make due contributions to the full realization of unattended substation.

Research on optimal layout of Video Surveillance in the Smart Grid based on Multi-dimensional Evaluation Objectives

The video surveillance is a key technology, which is one of the design technology for the ubiquitous perception and acquisition of panoramic information in the smart grid. The remote video surveillance technology and power automation systems such as remote control, telemetry, remote sensing and remote signal, which ensure the normal operation of the whole smart grid, can greatly improve the security of important substations or unmanned substations. At present, there is not a unified standard for video surveillance layout of the smart grid. The video surveillance system in each area is often arranged with reference to the requirements and habits of the operation and maintenance in the region. But, other important factors are not taken into account. In this paper, by constructing the objective function of multi-dimensional evaluation, the optimal layout scheme of video surveillance in the smart grid is obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by the analysis of the cases.

Research and Application for Intelligent Video Analysis Algorithm in Substation Monitoring System

This paper is mainly based on the video monitoring of unmanned substation, with the detection and tracking object of moving target, combined with the inter-frame difference method and background difference method, in order to achieve effective detection of moving targets through improving the traditional algorithm; combined with cam- shift algorithm and mean-shift algorithm to reduce the calculated amount and improve the accuracy of target tracking, in order to achieve intelligence level of substation video monitoring. This paper uses the computer vision and video analysis method to further analyze and understand the image sequences recorded by the camera, and links with related equipment to do simple processing while timely giving an alarm and feedback to monitoring personnel. In this way, the monitoring personnel can offer centralized processing for accident alarm, thus greatly reducing erroneous judgment and missing judgment of accidents, and improving the reliability, accuracy and timeliness of the alarm. Therefore, the intelligent video analysis is applied to substation attending, and combined with the traditional monitoring system, thus having a very important significance on security monitoring of the substation.

Design and Application of Monitoring System of Remote Video and Environment to Smart Substations

China is actively carrying out smart grid demonstration projects construction. As an important part of smart grid, substations remote video and environment system are increasingly becoming the focus of research, and playing an active role for the full realization of intelligent substation. The management of the existing substations in China, still require a lot of manual inspection, and the safety and prevention capacity of unmanned substation is not high, which can not meet the increasing demands of the substation. This paper aims to present the design and application of a monitoring system of remote video and environment to smart substations. Discusses in detail how to build video and monitoring information platform, the paper introduces the design principles and the structure of the system. It has greatly enhanced the safety and reliability of substation operation, and has achieved good results in the integrated applications of remote video and environment system.

Development of New SCADA System for 500kV Substations

AbstractWe developed a new SCADA system for 500-kV substations. To apply existing LAN-based SCADA system for unmanned 275-kV or 77-kV substations, we had to develop three functions. Firstly, the new SCADA system enables that 500-kV substation is supervised and controlled from multiple operating sites. Secondly, the database of the new SCADA system can be downloaded the maintenance data from the SCADA system for 500-kV control center via an IP network. Finally, the new SCADA system has supervisory control capability for manned 500-kV substations.In this paper, we describe these functional over view of the new SCADA system. Currently, 500-kV substations are manned substations. And these substations are supervised and controlled by human operators on sites. Using the new SCADA system, 500-kV substations will be realized remote supervisory control from the 500-kV control center a few years later. Therefore, manned 500-kV substations will convert into unmanned substations.

SmartGuard: An autonomous robotic system for inspecting substation equipment

AbstractSubstation equipment inspection is necessary for the power industry. With the dramatic increase in the number of substations, unmanned substations are required by the industry. This paper presents SmartGuard, a completely autonomous robotic system that can inspect substation equipment. SmartGuard consists of a robot and a data center. The robot can patrol in a substation and inspect equipment with a visible‐light camera and an infrared thermograph. The acquired images and temperature information are analyzed by the data center. The data center can fuse infrared and visible‐light images and find abnormal hot spots and abnormal appearance. There are 13 SmartGuards currently serving 12 substations, some of which have been working for more than 2 years. The feedback from the field shows that SmartGuard significantly improves the efficiency and reliability of substation inspection. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Design of Intelligent Measure Control System for Thermal Defects

An intelligent measure control system is designed to solve the problem of real-time intelligent detection of thermal defects of high voltage equipment at unmanned substations. This system uses a new method that continuous power of CC2530, a ZigBee wireless single chip, is provided by using monocrystalline silicon solar cells and thermoelectric generation modules. This method can also solve the problem that overheat faults can not be alarmed timely when efficiency of solar cells decrease during the continuous rainy days, and can realize real-time wireless detection and remote fault analysis of thermal defects of high voltage equipment. The supervisory programs of the remote PC and the upper computer are designed through VC + +.NET and the communication mode adopts C/S model based on TCP/IP protocols. The image files are saved as JPEG format by CImage class, which implements the real-time transmission of images. All the forgoing advantages provide a technical assurance to the remote and intelligent control of the heat vice of high-voltage equipment in the unmanned substations.