Unloading Of Ships Research Articles

METODE PELAKSANAAN PEKERJAAN PIERHEAD PADA PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN JEMBATAN CIKERUH DI JALAN RAYA CIBOLERANG KECAMATAN JATIWANGI KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA

ABSTRAK One of the important structures in the maritime industry, the pierhead construction used for various functions such as loading and unloading ships, stackinggoods, and other logistics activities. Hence, the construction of the pierhead requires careful planning and execution to ensure that the structure is strong, safe, and complies with safety standards and regulations applicable. The aim of carrying out this practical work is to know what is the process and method for implementing pierhead work on the project construction of the Cikeruh bridge on the Ciborelang highway, Jatiwangi District Majalengka Regency, know what tools and materials are used in carrying out pierhead work and how to care for the concrete. In the method of carrying out pierhead work there are eight stages work includes Preparatory Work, ringlock installation, Installation of working floors, concrete work, installation of formwork, pierhead casting, formwork dismantling and concrete maintenance. As for the tools used in carrying out the work Pierheads include: excavators, dump trucks, truck mixers, concrete pumps, pipes tremi, concrete vibrator, air compressor, wood cutting tool, crane, generator generator, hand tools, hand saws, wire cutters and electric drills. Meanwhile, the materials used in carrying out pierhead work namely using FC'40 concrete, reinforcing steel, 3x3 angle cast stop, ringlock, concrete decking, plywood coated with 1 side polyfilm (12 mm and 9 mm thick), profile steel or holow and wood (size 5/7 and 4/6), scaffolding, formwork oil andtie road.

Enhancing Automated Loading and Unloading of Ship Unloaders through Dynamic 3D Coordinate System with Deep Learning

This paper proposes a deep learning approach for accurate pose estimation in ship unloaders, improving grasping accuracy by reconstructing 3D coordinates. A convolutional neural network optimizes depth map prediction from RGB images, further enhanced by a conditional generative adversarial network to refine quality. Evaluation of simulated ship unloading tasks showed over 90% grasping success rate, outperforming baseline methods. This research offers valuable insights into advanced visual perception and deep learning for next-generation automated cargo handling.

A quality control system for logistic ports goods movable harbor cranes based on internet of things and deep learning

<span>The growth of commercial activity and the transportation of goods around the world has increased the challenges of stevedoring within ports. In case of loading and unloading ships safely, quickly, and efficiently, goods movable harbor cranes play an important role. This work aims to propose an industrial internet of things (IIoT)-based quality control system for logistic services ports goods movable harbor crane (QC-GMHC). The GMHC system based on using programmable logic controller (PLC), along with a multi-sensor data collecting system. Several operations have been done to establish the QC-GMHC system as: GMHC sensors real-time data storage, and data sharing; monitoring the GMHC status (remote-local); and the efficiency reporting. In order to validate the proposed system’s hardware, it was used in an already operational GMHC for six months, during which data were collected and analyzed. The results revealed that the proposed hardware system worked efficiently for 24 hours. To forecast the efficiency of the GMHC, a deep learning (DL) conventional long short-term memory (LSTM) and neural network model was trained and validated using synthetic data generated from acquired real data. The results showed that QC-GMHC can calculate efficiency with an accuracy of 80%, which is sufficient for our application.</span>

Studi Kasus Kesalahan Penulisan Nama Kapal MT. Gloria Sentosa di Surat Persetujuan Berlayar (SPB)

In the ship berthing process, ship documents are very important, especially the Sailing Approval Letter because it has a big impact on the smooth berthing of the ship and can affect the process of loading and unloading goods. Apart from that, this research discusses the factors that cause ships to be detained and the impact that ship detention has on the process of loading and unloading ships at the dock. This research is a descriptive type of research with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and documentation with primary and secondary data sources. Data analysis uses qualitative techniques. The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of errors in writing the name of the ship on the Sailing Approval Letter on the smooth berthing of the ship at the destination port agented by PT. Bintang Samudra Utama. Factors that cause MT vessels. Gloria Sentosa was detained by the harbormaster because there was an error in writing the name of the ship on the Sailing Approval Letter and this had an impact on the loading and unloading process of the ship at the dock. The efforts made are that the Harbor Master and Master officers are more thorough in checking documents and the company must be more selective in choosing the ships that will be agented

Yard Space Allocation Algorithm for Unloading Containers at Marine Terminals

The issue of unloading efficiency for containers is the operational bottleneck for most traditional container terminals. In addressing the intricate challenges of space allocation in container yards during ship unloading, this study focuses on the real-time, dynamic decision-making needs that are currently unmet by existing planning methods. To tackle this, the article introduces a novel model for container space allocation that aims to maximize the “attractiveness” of yard spaces. This model factors in key considerations like the allocation of container handling equipment resources, the rate of container handling equipment traversing the yard, and container handling equipment operations across containers. A unique Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS)-based algorithm is developed to solve this multi-objective problem. The algorithm’s efficacy is rigorously tested via numerical experiments, where it outperforms existing approaches like UCT-MCTS, AMAF-MCTS, and manual scheduling plans using practical engineering examples. This research not only provides a more dynamic and efficient method for yard space allocation but also offers empirical evidence to support its practicality and effectiveness.

Decreasing Demurrage Time by Increasing Port Service Level and Utilities Considering Crane Formation Using Discrete Simulation

Maritime logistics has a great influence on large-scale economic development. Maritime logistics has the largest logistics flow in Indonesia. Economic development can be seen by how much logistics flow in an area. The distribution of logistics using sea transportation must be controlled effectively and efficiently so that the flow of material does not stop or be disrupted. Teluk Lamong Terminal is the only green smart terminal in Surabaya, so there are many requests for ships to lean on the pier. The method of this research is to conduct a survey and collect information about the main activities of loading and unloading ships docking at the pier, the number of cranes used, the current crane formation (before improvement) and problems in the operation of containers. After that, create a simulation model that will be developed using Simulation Software that has inputted entities, activities, and model resources according to their actual activities. Scenario results improvements 1 to 4, the selection of crane formations in serving container ship loading and unloading is the most effective in scenario 3, namely by setting 3 cranes to serve 1 berthing ship and 2 cranes to serve 1 berthing ship. In scenario 3 with the simulation results obtained that the ship’s effective time at the dock was 9.19 hours and the demurrage time for container loading and unloading was 13.79 hours. Furthermore, crane utilization value is in scenario 3 with the results obtained from the simulation of 18.21%.

Risk path prediction and early warning method of LNG unloading system based on improved kinetic model

The LNG unloading system is an important transit station for LNG storage, processing and outgoing transmission. The main processes include ship unloading, storage, gasification and outgoing transmission, BOG condensation, flare venting and other processes, which involve intensive personnel operation and safety management activities. Once LNG is leaked, frostbite will happen to personnel and fire and explosion will occur when encountering ignition sources, which will cause serious consequences that are difficult to bear. The risk path of the static safety evaluation method is based on qualitative judgment, and the dynamic evolution direction of the LNG unloading system risk factors is not accurately predicted, so how to accurately predict and warn the risk path during the risk evolution is a key issue. In this paper, based on the improved system dynamics model, a propagation method with risk entropy as the information carrier is established to identify two different types of dynamic risk nodes, energy diffusion and energy conduction. Compared with the traditional dynamics model, the prediction accuracy of dynamic risk nodes of the improved model is increased by 22%, 20% and 14% for the unloading process, storage process and loading and transfer process, respectively. The prediction of the path of energy-conducting type risk evolution direction is increased by 29.3%, 32.4% and 30%, respectively. The simulation results are beneficial to the dynamic risk control and accident prevention of LNG unloading system, and provide new ideas for natural gas energy safety and security.

Effect of Manual System in Handling Documents Clearance in and Out Ship Service, Loading and Unloading Ship agency by PT. Bahari Eka Nusantara Sangkulirang branch, East Kalimantan

Bulk ship handling activities cannot be separated from the ship handling service plan, namely the arrival and departure of ships. Before the process of arrival and departure of the ship, several activities are carried out which are determined in advance by the shipping company together with the port manager and must be conveyed to the ship's side. The loading and unloading of ships coming and going, loading and unloading coal, requesting ship needs, handling clearance in and clearance out documents through Syahbandar manually whose service hours are limited, starting from 8 o'clock to 10 pm due to the shahbandar class which is still classified as KUPP class III, and also greatly limiting the movement and service of the ship service served. The purpose of this study is to find out how much influence the management of clearance documents in and out becomes longer, limited operating hours and delays in the loading and unloading process of ships, which are agentized by PT. Bahari Eka Nusantara Sangkulirang Branch, East Kalimantan. The approach method used is a descriptive quantitative method, while the data collection technique uses questionnaires, documentation, observations, and literature studies so that the influence / not between the manual clearance in and out system can be found on the service of the ship being inundated. The results of this study show that there is an influence between the manual clearance in and out system on the service of the ship being inundated.

Global Competitiveness of Trade in the West Coast of Sumatra from the Perspective of the Agglomeration of Economic Approach

The main aim of this study is to analysed the pattern of agglomeration of trade flows in the city of Padang and Teluk Bayur Port with the regencies and cities along the west coast of Sumatra, as well as the factors that influence them. How competitive is trade flow with the West coast region compared to the East coast of Sumatra. The analytical approach used is spatial econometrics, especially the spatial lag model and spatial error model. The data used is the volume of loading and unloading of inter-island and foreign ships at Teluk Bayur Port and other districts and cities in 133 areas on the West Coast and 155 districts and cities in the economic corridors of Sumatra. The results showed that the West Coast trade flow variable had no significant effect on the existence of Padang City as the centre of economic agglomeration in the economic corridor area of Sumatra. Our findings are that trade flows in the city of Padang have not been able to encourage economic agglomeration in regencies and cities on the West Coast of Sumatra, on the contrary there are connections with regencies and cities in the economic corridors of the East Coast of Sumatra. Therefore, to accelerate the process of economic agglomeration through trade flows, joint policies are needed with the agricultural sector in the Sumatran economic corridor in facing global market competition, as well as strengthening inter-regional internal markets in the Sumatra corridor, agricultural commodity transactions between regencies and cities in the Sumatran economic corridor which must be strengthened, so as to be able to compete in a competitive global market.

Global Competitiveness of Trade in the West Coast of Sumatra from the Perspective of the Agglomeration of Economic Approach

The main aim of this study is to analysed the pattern of agglomeration of trade flows in the city of Padang and Teluk Bayur Port with the regencies and cities along the west coast of Sumatra, as well as the factors that influence them. How competitive is trade flow with the West coast region compared to the East coast of Sumatra. The analytical approach used is spatial econometrics, especially the spatial lag model and spatial error model. The data used is the volume of loading and unloading of inter-island and foreign ships at Teluk Bayur Port and other districts and cities in 133 areas on the West Coast and 155 districts and cities in the economic corridors of Sumatra. The results showed that the West Coast trade flow variable had no significant effect on the existence of Padang City as the centre of economic agglomeration in the economic corridor area of Sumatra. Our findings are that trade flows in the city of Padang have not been able to encourage economic agglomeration in regencies and cities on the West Coast of Sumatra, on the contrary there are connections with regencies and cities in the economic corridors of the East Coast of Sumatra. Therefore, to accelerate the process of economic agglomeration through trade flows, joint policies are needed with the agricultural sector in the Sumatran economic corridor in facing global market competition, as well as strengthening inter-regional internal markets in the Sumatra corridor, agricultural commodity transactions between regencies and cities in the Sumatran economic corridor which must be strengthened, so as to be able to compete in a competitive global market.

Public Perception of The Implementation of an Eco Fishig Port Priciple at The Fish Auction Place of Karangantu, Serang City

Eco port is a predicate of a port that has implemented systematic efforts or steps to build and maintain an environmentally friendly port area. Poor sanitation and hygiene conditions such as large amounts of waste from fishing port activities can cause environmental pollution and affect public health. This research aims to determine public perception towards the management of the Fish Landing Place (TPI) of Karangantu in accordance with the principle of eco fishing port. Primary data was obtained through observations in July-August 2022 on ship unloading activities until the transaction process at Karangantu TPI. Interviews with Karangantu Archipelagic Fishing Port (PPN) employees, TPI managers and TPI service users were conducted to find out each stakeholder's perception of environmental sanitation conditions and hygiene of fish catches. Secondary data were obtained from various publications available in Karangantu PPN. Data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively (tables and graphs) and quantitatively (Likert scale). The results showed that the management of Karangantu TPI is in accordance with the eco port principle. However, the public considers that the parameters of liquid waste handling and the quality of fish catches landed at TPI Karangantu must be improved.

Analysis Of The Level Of Service User Satisfaction With Services At The Bakauheni Ferry Port

Bakauheni Port is a crossing port located in Bakauheni District, South Lampung Regency which has an area of 452,458 m2 (Transportation Research and Development Agency, Ministry of Transportation, 2010). Based on the functional character of the Bakauheni port, it is included in the National Route, which is a route that connects the two provincial capitals. The Bakauheni - Merak crossing port is one of the most congested crossing ports. Bakauheni - Merak port is separated by the Sunda Strait which has a distance of about 33.6 km which can be reached in 120 minutes while loading and unloading ships takes 45 minutes. Based on observations in the field, there are several services that have not been carried out properly, so that service users feel dissatisfied and uncomfortable while they are at the Bakauheni Ferry Terminal. The method used to analyze existing problems is the Customer Statisfaction Index and Importance Performance Analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the passenger satisfaction index was 64.9% and there were 4 service attributes in quadrant I that had to be improved and improved. Based on the results of the analysis, it is concluded that there are several service attributes that do not run optimally, these service attributes include safety equipment facilities (APAR, evacuation route instructions), CCTV, waiting rooms, health facilities.

Study on Control System of Bridge-Type Grab Ship Unloader

In order to improve the automation degree and unloading efficiency of the ship unloading control system of the large coal-fired power plant, the structure, operation principle and workflow of the bridge-type grab ship unloader in a coal-fired power along the river are analysed, and the control system of ship unloader software based on PLC is studied and designed. The designed control system of bridge grab ship unloader is convenient to operate under different working conditions and improves the automation degree and efficiency of coal unloading and also provides an application example for the development of ship unloader control research.

Quantitative risk assessment on loading and unloading ships exclusively carrying LNG tank containers

Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) on protocol that allows maximum 96 40ft heavy LNG containers carried by a single ship in a dock was performed using applications EFFECTS and RISKCURVES, to investigate the hazard while loading and unloading ships exclusively carrying liquefied natural gas (LNG) tank containers in a dock. Through analyzing typical accident scenarios, the simulation predicted the range of the accident impact. Individual and social risk levels during loading and unloading were calculated to determine the hazard level while loading and unloading ships exclusively carrying LNG tank containers. The results show that the individual and social risk levels while loading and unloading ships exclusively carrying LNG tank containers are acceptable and meet the requirement of existing regulations.

Quantitative risk assessment on loading and unloading ships exclusively carrying LNG tank containers

Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) on protocol that allows maximum 96 40ft heavy LNG containers carried by a single ship in a dock was performed using applications EFFECTS and RISKCURVES, to investigate the hazard while loading and unloading ships exclusively carrying liquefied natural gas (LNG) tank containers in a dock. Through analyzing typical accident scenarios, the simulation predicted the range of the accident impact. Individual and social risk levels during loading and unloading were calculated to determine the hazard level while loading and unloading ships exclusively carrying LNG tank containers. The results show that the individual and social risk levels while loading and unloading ships exclusively carrying LNG tank containers are acceptable and meet the requirement of existing regulations.

Study on Dust Suppression of Air Curtain Soft-Sealing System of Grab Ship Unloader

In order to suppress the irregular diffusion of dust in the unloading process of grab ship unloaders, an air curtain soft-sealing system was designed that can effectively block the air flow and restrict the diffusion of pollutants and reduce the average mass fraction of pollutants outside the air curtain plane by 70.02%. The grab unloading model was constructed using the Computational Fluid Dynamics–Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) coupling method, and the diffusion law of the gas–solid two-phase flow field of the falling bulk material was studied. Moreover, the motion trajectory and velocity distribution of the particle flow field and air flow field were obtained, as well as the maximum air flow field velocity of five planes above the hopper. The three-dimensional model of the air curtain jet was used and simplified, and the air curtain parameters were set based on the maximum air flow field velocity. The barrier performance of the air curtain under different air curtain jet modes, jet widths, jet velocities and induced wind velocities was simulated by the control variable method. The results show that selecting the appropriate jet widths and jet velocities can significantly reduce dust diffusion; under different jet modes, the order of influence was blow and suction, unilateral blowing and bilateral blowing; under a certain range of induced wind velocities, the air curtain had an obvious blocking effect. These results can provide a reference for the design and improvement of dust suppression of the air curtain soft-sealing system.

EVALUATION OF CROSS TRANSPORT SUBSIDIES (Case Study Balikpapan - Taipa Route)

Balikpapan - Taipa route, is one only one path contained in Kariangau port is still in subsidies. Which connects the city of Balikpapan (East Kalimantan) with Palu (Central Sulawesi) is within 204 miles with a long travel time during the 22 hours stipulated by the Minister Regulation No. 82 Year 1998 concerning Establishment of Inter-Provincial of ferry route. The route has a tendency to be a commercial track as seen from the data Productivity Passengers and vehicles continues to increase, so it is necessary to review the feasibility of the subsidy. In reviewing the feasibility analysis of the subsidy, then used some of the analysis of ships load factor is over the last five years in Operating Costs and revenues ship operators. Based on the analysis that had been done, be concluded that the load factor of vessels in 2020 amounted to 34.01 %, vessel operating expenses per year is Rp. 12,208,090,000, - with revenue per year is Rp. 5.280.859.000,- . Thus it can be said that in the operation of the vessel crossing is still a loss. Based on user demand forecasting freight services, in 2026, a factor unloading of ships reach the break even point in number 66.33 %. So it can be estimated that in that year, the track Balikpapan - Taipa already a commercial route. Where in 2026 the operation of the KMP. Madani has gained the advantage and the route has been a commercial track.

Ship-unloading scheduling optimization with differential evolution

This study aims at investigating a scheduling problem for unloading of material ships in a large-scale steel plant. The optimization problem minimizes the cost caused by improperly delayed unloading operations of the ships for a given time horizon. The problem intends to decide the order of unloading ships and the allocation of conveyors to the ships. The solution for the practical-sized problem is NP-hard because of the dimensionality of the problem. In this paper we resolve the problem using a well-designed differential evolution algorithm (DE). In addition, a mathematical programming model is given as well for comparison. An empirical study with some comparative results from CPLXE solver and other DE variants is carried out, which shows a good potential for real-world applications.

Optimal Ways of Unloading and Loading Operations under Arctic Conditions

Usually, loading and unloading of cargo ships takes place in ports that are equipped with the infrastructure necessary to carry out such operations. In the Arctic, often a helicopter is the only way to get the cargo to the right place. Finding the optimal geographic location for unloading a ship using helicopters is an important task. It is necessary to create a support system for making the right decisions in such situations. Mathematical modeling has been used to find the geographical location that ensures the most favorable and quickest delivery of cargo from a vessel to its destination, using a helicopter. A criterion has also been found in which the search for the optimum point is a more rational way of unloading the vessel compared to other discharge options. The maps of the economic benefits of loading and unloading operations in this model have been developed. Using the example of the developed model, it is shown that during the transportation of goods in Ob Bay, significant economic and temporary advantages can be obtained. The developed model can be extended to the case of cargo delivery not only in the Arctic conditions, but also where the transport infrastructure is insufficiently developed.

Model Pedukung Keputusan Dengan Metode Analitycal Hierarchy Process: Studi Kasus Proses Bongkar Muatan Barang Kapal

As a center for leaning ships, the Port is a center that plays an important role as a facility that can connect one island to another in trading activities. In this study emphasizes the final goal of (1) determining the factors used as criteria for determining the right and optimal loading decisions, (2) calculating the priority weights of the decision criteria, (3) determining priority weights, (4) obtaining a design that best in priority ship unloading. In this study we use hierarchical based analysis methods or commonly called Analytical hierarchy process (AHP). This method performs pairwise comparisons between criteria and sub criteria by producing a criteria value matrix and produces consistent information each factor from the sub-criteria assessed where the CR <0.1. The results of the scores for each 3 respondents are where the arrival time of the ship scores a total of 17.46 with the highest score, the type of load total score of 11.89, the type of ship the total score is 6.61 and the total loading score of 3.05.