Unlimited Area Research Articles

The quality of distance learning during COVID-19: Perspectives of Saudi university students

Education has rapidly shifted into distance learning after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Students with varying learning levels from Saudi Arabian universities started online lessons through programs and applications. Supporters and opponents of distance learning have different opinions about distance education. In this context, this study focused on actual quality standards of distance learning and identified five axes of education quality to improve learning and develop technical tools for learning. The findings of the study are relevant to the specific context of the crisis and aim to meet international quality standards. We adopted the social survey method using the five axes. A questionnaire and a study sample of 1240 respondents from 42 universities and colleges were used. The data determined the level of quality of distance education and the extent to which students benefit from it. The interactive axis achieved the highest average rating, whereas the evaluation axis achieved the lowest average rating. Furthermore, the study shows that students agreed that distance education was useful during the pandemic, but it is less effective than face-to-face learning, and they value the elements of live lessons and interactions. These findings can be used to develop teaching practices in distance learning through the adoption of technology in line with global trends; through the use of learning to overcome difficulties; through open, unlimited areas of learning during crises; and through the development and activation of these dynamics. These outcomes can deliver higher results at a desired scientific level.

The Depiction of Hypertension in Heart Imaging Examinations: An Up-to-Date Review of the Evidence.

Hypertension is one of the main preventable cardiovascular (CV) risk factors all over the years, closely related to CV morbidity and mortality. One of the most common hypertensive target organ damages is hypertensive heart disease (HHD), including left ventricular hypertrophy, which progresses gradually and leads to systolic or diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricular, and finally to end-stage heart failure. Regarding its prevalence and the need for early diagnosis, assessment of heart imaging examination is of major importance. Echocardiography has been used as the standard imaging technique to evaluate HHD for years, providing an accurate evaluation of the left ventricular geometry, along with the systolic and diastolic function. However, nowadays there is a growing interest in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Despite the importance of the use of echocardiography in everyday clinical practice, numerous studies have shown the superiority of CMR as an imaging technique for clinical and research purposes, mainly due to its strength to provide an unlimited area of view, as well as the identification and quantification of the type and extent of myocardial fibrosis. Hence, this review aims to analyze the importance of heart imaging in the hypertensive population, with a special interest in CMR imaging.

MENAIKKAN GENGSI PRODUK UKM BERBAHAN BAKU DAUN KELOR MELALUI REBRANDING DAN PEMASARAN ONLINE

This community service program partners with SMEs producing Moringa leaf powder capsules who have problems with low sales levels and limited marketing reach. This community service activity aims to increase sales of Moringa leaf powder capsule products through rebranding strategies and the use of online marketing media. The rebranding strategy allows the product to be better known to the public from the name that the product bears. Meanwhile, product marketing through online media has several advantages, including unlimited marketing area coverage and low cost. The implementation of this community service activity is carried out using the Focus Group Discuss method in order to finalize the rebranding plan and online marketing strategy, which is followed by the mentoring method. The results of this activity were the creation of a new Moringga brand, new packaging designs, social media accounts as online marketing tools, obtaining P-IRT permits and distribution permits for herbal supplements from BPOM. By looking at the available market share which is still quite wide, and the availability of abundant raw materials, the implementation of rebranding strategies and online marketing can increase sales of Moringa leaf powder in capsule form, thereby increasing partner income. Keywords : Moringa, Branding, Marketing, Online

Analysis and Design of Flexible-Surface Induction-Heating Cooktop With GaN-HEMT-Based Multiple Inverter System

The flexible induction cooktop, which can provide an unlimited cooking area, utilizes a cost-effective method in which one inverter shares multiple working coils. However, this method has resulted in consumer needs such as reducing both the initial pot detection time and the noise caused by the relay operation. This article presents a hardware implementation and control method for a flexible induction cooktop with multiple GaN-HEMT-based inverter systems. As one way to meet consumer needs, this implementation method does not require a relay and offers the advantage of real-time pot detection and noise minimization. However, the inverter design should include the magnetic coupling effect while maintaining high performance and high power density. This article proposes an inverter design method considering the limited space and an implementation method that minimizes the effect of magnetic coupling without an additional power stage. The feasibility of the proposed implementation method is evaluated based on the results of a heating test with a 3.3 kW prototype.

Optimization of a renewable energy plant with seasonal energy storage for the transition towards 100% renewable energy supply

The exploitation and utilisation of solar energy is challenging because of both diurnal and seasonal variation. Seasonal thermal energy storage is a prominent solution to solve the problem of seasonal variation of solar production. This paper investigates both the optimal design and energy management of a renewable energy plant with seasonal thermal energy storage. As a case study, the thermal, cooling and electrical energy demands of a university campus during one year are considered. Three scenarios, characterized by a different available area (20,555 m2, area covered at present; 50,000 m2, potentially available area by exploiting the entire rooftop and parking area; unlimited area) for solar thermal collectors and photovoltaic panels are investigated. In the first two scenarios, the exploitation of solar energy allows a primary energy saving of 31% and 57%, respectively compared to the use of a conventional plant. The seasonal storage reaches an overall efficiency (thus considering both charging and discharging) up to 84%. Finally, the analysis of the third scenario shows that the feasibility of meeting the energy demands by only exploiting solar energy is technically challenging because a large area equal to about 100,293 m2 is needed for solar thermal collectors and photovoltaic panels.

Laser-Driven One- and Two-Dimensional Subwavelength Periodic Patterning of Thin Films Made of a Metal–Organic MoS2 Precursor

Laser-based surface processing is an established way for the maskless generation of surface structures and functionalities on a large variety of materials. Laser-driven periodic surface texturing and structuring of thin films is reported for metallic-, semiconductive-, and polymeric films. Here, we introduce subwavelength surface patterning of metal-organic thin films of [Mo2S4(S2CNnBu2)2], a MoS2 precursor. Accurate control of one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) periodic patterns is achieved on silicon wafers with a pulsed 532 nm ns laser. With suitable combinations of laser polarization, laser pulse energy, the thickness of the SiO2 passivation layer, and the MoS2 precursor's thin film thickness, high-quality 1D and 2D self-organized periodic structures are obtained in virtually unlimited areas. The material redistribution related to the pattern formation is thermally driven at low laser energies. Increasing pulse energies beyond a threshold level, in our experiments a factor of 2, fully converts the precursor to MoS2.

Проблеми розмивання та деструкції національної ідентичності

The article analyzes different types of identity and finds that both regional, ethnic and national, belong to the territorial identity, and regional is more volatile and unstable iv contrast to ethnic, which, in addition to territoriality involves in its consideration of historical component – memories, memory of ancestors. The article also traces the influence of cultural memory on the formation of national identity. Studies of cultural memory are interdisciplinary in nature and are the subject of reflection in various scientific discourses (historical (F. Aries, J. Lefebvre, P. Nora, F. Fure), culturological (F. Yates, M. Foucault), sociological (M. Halbwax), philosophical (A. Bergson, E. Durkheim, A. Mole), psychological (W. Wordsworth, Z. Freud), etc.). Cultural memory is formed over the centuries and transmits cultural content in the form of texts, images, inscriptions, monuments, rituals, all indicators of tradition. It is a prerequisite for self-identification, as it connects knowledge about the past and present life situation of a particular social group. The issue of cultural memory is an important research issue. Songwriting transforms the cultural memory of Ukrainians and through the emotional component of the song (folklore) forms different types of identity. Mnemics of modus, decoded and incorporated into regional culture, are stable guardians of traditions that are broadcast not only limited territories, but are able to spread to unlimited areas. Thus, regional culture penetrates into various layers of national culture, supplementing and enriching it with cultural meanings. Cultural memory is most vividly formed in the Diasporas, which is explained by the desire to preserve national identity outside the homeland. The ways of expressing identity by folk songs are outlined. National-cultural identity is defined as a sense of belonging to a national community, consideration of one’s personality through the prism of identification with its symbols, values, history and culture. The significance of folk song practices for the formation of national identity is substantiated. Cultural regional identity in modern conditions is characterized. The region covers the history of Ukrainian culture in a new perspective and contributes to the study of individual territorial centers as unique and inimitable units in not only historical, geographical and art aspects, but also is important in cultural discourse. The appeal to primary source, in particular the folk song, makes a mechanism for the preservation of national integrity, transforming through the emotional component of song performance into cultural memory, which forms the identity itself. Cultural memory combined with historical experience will result in national identity and conscious being.

Информативность геоинформационной вычислительной визуализации процессов формирования природных объектов

The paper discusses informative possibilities and prospects of application of digital nature-like methodology for computational visualization of natural processes of natural system formation based on the proposed order parameter—intensity of integral geophysical field created by host structure-forming outer space. Since the designated order parameter defines the structure and properties of natural systems and processes, the gradient of the parameter defining the structure of the natural object is a measure of its order parameter and, therefore, can serve as a predictor of forecasting the change in its properties and structure. The declared approach is tested using an example of forecasting the process of flood formation and processes of visualization of tectonic stress fields. The authors have developed a method of point prediction of the onset time and flood level based on a three-level neural network model and a method of vector space-time visualization of a hierarchy of tectonic stress fields on the territory of an unlimited area. The research shows that computational operations with the parameter of the regional temperature gradient along with intelligent forecasting methods illustrate the prospects of point medium-, long-term forecasting of hydrometeorological processes provided with long rows of instrumental observation data. Computational visualization of general, background and local fields of tectonic stresses in the territories of unlimited area serves as a source of parametric data for geoinformation-mathematical modeling of tectonic stress field restructuring in processes of tectonosphere self-organization, calculation of position of geodynamic instability loci—epicenters of possible earthquakes, visualization of tectonic currents in the Earth’s crust. Monitoring geophysical data at geodynamic instability loci opens up prospects for point prediction of earthquakes. Calculation of order parameters of natural objects and processes opens up prospects of their computational modeling, derivation of numerical laws of their conjugate development and a scale series of interaction, as well as prediction of the state of geo objects and geo processes at a given geo space point in conditions of increasing global natural variability.

To the Question about the Functions of Rural Settlements in the Economic System of the Golden Horde

The study posed a question – nomadic steppe or rural settlements provided the cities of the Golden Horde with meat food. In the meat consumption of all the studied cities, the most important place was occupied by beef – the products of mainly rural settlements, lamb and horse meat – the products of steppe cattle breeding, played an auxiliary role. In the cities around which there were unlimited areas for grazing cattle, the proportion of beef in the diet was significantly, 10–20% higher than in steppe and semi-desert cities along the lower reaches of the Volga and Akhtuba, where a narrow strip of azonal landscapes significantly limited grazing. In cities that functioned in the 13th and 14th centuries, the proportion of beef increased significantly in the 14th century. This is due to the formation of rural districts by the 14th century and the establishment of regular supplies of the main meat product from them. The study of archaeozoological collections from five rural settlements of the Volga region and the Crimea revealed a high – 80–85%, the proportion of beef in their meat diet. This means a very high number of cattle kept in rural settlements in relation to other types of domestic ungulates. The villagers of the Golden Horde were engaged in specialized cattle breeding and were the main suppliers of meat products to the Golden Horde cities. In addition, they were important participants in the export of animal skins in the economic system of the state.

505 Support Group Lives on Virtually Despite Pandemic

IntroductionSupport group for burn survivors is immensely beneficial for reintegration and normalization of the burn recovery. The corona virus pandemic, however, limited in-person interactions significantly and decreased the travel capabilities. Our regional burn center serves an 8-state region, and as such, our every other month in-person support group consisted of survivors and family members from a large geographic area.MethodsSupport group volunteers and staff members recognized the need for continued support of survivors during the pandemic. Limitations of large, in-person meetings were implemented by our host organization to comply with pandemic safety guidelines. Evaluation of resources available led to development of a virtually supported meeting space. Email addresses were gathered to schedule. This allowed for interaction of survivors from an unlimited geographic area.ResultsSupport group survivor volunteers and staff met to develop parameters, topics, IT support and logistics. Every other month support group was converted to a monthly gathering virtually due to easier access by survivors. Attendees completed a survey to evaluate and make recommendations for opportunities for improvement. The same number of survivors were present for in person and virtual meetings.ConclusionsDuring this pandemic, limitations were placed that further isolate survivors. A virtually based support group has allowed for more frequent interactions between volunteers and new survivors. Various topics were discussed including survivor preparedness for public reintegration, worker’s compensation and care giver burnout. Speakers from multiple disciplines have been able to address issues requested by survivors. In this format, we have been able to continue the support of our survivors as they continue to recover. Social distancing has isolated many people during the pandemic; virtual support group has been paramount in continuing to connect our survivor family.

A Trial for Mitigation of Waterlogging Problem in New Reclaimed Areas in The Desert Fringes of Beni Suef and El-Minya Governorates, Egypt.(Dept.C)

Expanding the reclamation of new lands within the unlimited desert area of Egypt has started to face the continuous growth of population and the urgent need for food security. The reclamation of the Nile valley's desert fringes affects its traditional cultivated areas as a result of the difference in the topographic level, inadequate drainage system and the existence of shallow depth clay lenses beneath these sites which creates a perched condition that helps greatly in fasting the rising rate of water table. The present paper threw light on a trial to mitigate the waterlogging problem due to the reclamation activities in the high-land desert fringes of Beni Suef and El-Minya governorates. The reclamation area was increased by 250% through the interval 1984-2001 as detected from the processed satellite images. The topographic feature of the reclaimed area reached 6 cm/km as detected from Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Two proposed scenarios for mitigation of waterlogging problem were checked by using groundwater flow model in two spatial dimensions (ASM). Draining the water excess using suitable dewatering design is proposed as a first scenario to mitigate the problem. The proposed design has been tested and calibrated using mathematical modeling techniques under the present pumping conditions (583 m3 /h in summer and 375 m3/h in winter) with increase in magnitude 0.08 m/sec through ten proposed dewatering-wells well distributed in the low-land logged area. The results showed that the losses from the logged area reached 0.048 m3/sec after 100 days which approaches 36% of the average annual supplemented groundwater. So, the third of the supplemented groundwater abstractions can be saved when reusing the dewatering quantity in irrigation. The second scenario proposed the construction of four experimental biological-drainage farms in the most deteriorated areas with evapotranspiration consumption process of 0.118 m3/sec. The second short-term proposed scenario is considered more adequate since the drainage of the pumped water during dewatering process is still a problem, Improvement of drainage techniques, minimizing irrigation rate and replacing the present flooding irrigation method used in the surrounding cultivated lands by another suitable dripping techniques are recommended for mitigation of waterlogging problem. The reuse of drainage water will decrease the groundwater demand. The decrease of irrigation openings diameter and the increase of lifting stations' efficiency will contribute in mitigation process.

STRATEGI NAIKAN OMZET LEWAT ONLINE

Community service is an activity that aims to help certain communities in some activities without expecting anything in return. In general, this program is designed by various universities or institutes in Indonesia, one of which is Pamulang University. to make a real contribution to the Indonesian people, especially in developing the welfare and progress of the Indonesian people. Community Service Activities is one part of the Higher Education Tri Dharma. The form of activities in the implementation of community service in Jampang village is to transfer technology with the theme of raising the turnover strategy online. The instructors and resource persons involved were Accounting Study Program Lecturers from Pamulang University. The results of the PKM Implementation conducted on 20.21 and 22 September 2019 were adding to their knowledge in economics, owing to marketing, the participants of the ornamental fish group in Jampang were very enthusiastic about the material they got from accounting lecturers at Pamulang University, the participants can immediately practice selling via online, the response of the participants is very good and happy because it is very helpful in learning about how to sell via online.Very useful in carrying out marketing or sales strategies via the internet. according to a survey conducted by SWA Indonesia is the second largest in the world as a user of Facebook and Twitter and is very promising for online marketing, moreover supported by the ease of obtaining mobile phones. The internet has an appeal for consumers because it has advantages such as convenience, having access 24 hours a day, alternative efficiency space, unlimited area coverage. Online Marketing or Online Marketing has actually been carried out by Fish Farmers in Jampang Village, Kemang District, Bogor Regency, but has not been optimal in its management. So that it does not work well. To optimize marketing through online, on Sunday September 22 2019, community service activities in Jampang Village are carried out in the form of socialization related to "Strategy to Increase Online Turnover".Keywords: Increase Turnover Strategy via online

Convergence Research of Numerical Methods for Solving Problems With Mixed Type Operator in an Unlimited Area

Methods for solving problems of elliptic equations, based on the third Green formula, was analyzed. New methods for solving a problem with a mixed-type operator in an unbounded domain are proposed. On the basis of the proposed methods, programs for solving problems with a mixed type operator have been created. The results of computational experiments, showing the correctness of the application of methods, are presented.

IMPACT OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ON EDUCATION AND THE PRINCIPALS’ CHALLENGES

The digital revolution led to the birth of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which opened new, unlimited areas of creativity and innovation in various scientific fields. It has created a set of new technologies that combine three key elements: physical, digital, and biological, to produce unprecedented rapid variables in human life. The problem is that this revolution created the challenges facing all organizations and institutions, including educational institutions, when it imposed requirement of highly efficient, the education is required to keep abreast of technological developments, while today's schools are in dire need of further development and innovation in the world Fast changing. Therefore, the school faces many problems through a flood of new information accelerated according to the rapid changes, and need to be creative and more comprehensive assimilation of modern technology. Through the descriptive and analytical approach, the subject was discussed in three sections, first: the dimensions of the fourth industrial revolution. Second: the use of modern technology in schools of basic education, and finally the challenges facing school principals. The findings showed that: The Fourth Industrial Revolution constituted technological breakthroughs, such as artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, biotechnology, and the mass chain. These technologies have challenged all societies in how to exploit these opportunities. Educational institutions must develop. There was a need for quality graduates characterized by creative thinking, innovative production and adaptation to innovations and inventions. As such, school principals have had many burdens and responsibilities to employ maximum creative management skills to keep pace with scientific and technological progress. The need for an innovative and effective school administration capable of managing change and employing technology in administrative work. Keywords modern technology, education, challenges, principals

Evaluation of MAR Methods for Semi-Arid, Cold Regions

Mongolia is a semi-arid, highly continental region with highly variable precipitation and river discharge. The groundwater aquifer located near Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia, is the only one source for city water supply consumption, and it is important to ensure that groundwater is available now and in the future. The main watercourse near the capital city is the Tuul River, fed by precipitation in the Khentii Mountains. The semi-arid and cold environment shows high variability in precipitation and river discharge. However, due to absence of precipitation in winter and spring, the riverbed usually runs dry during these times of the year, and weather observations show that the dry period has been extending in recent years. However, in parallel with urban development, the extended groundwater aquifer has shown a clear decline, and the groundwater levels have dropped significantly. Therefore, a groundwater management system based on managed aquifer recharge is proposed, and a strategy to implement these measures in the Tuul River valley is presented in this paper. This strategy consists of the enhancement of natural recharge rates during the wet summer from the northern drainage canal, an additional increase in groundwater recharge through melting the ice storage in the dry period, as well as the construction of underground dams to accumulate groundwater and a surface water reservoir that releases a constant discharge in the outlet. To increase natural recharge rates of groundwater during the early dry period through the melting ice storage period, the MATLAB icing code, which was written for ice storage for limited and unlimited areas, was considered through finite element subsurface FLOW (FEFLOW) simulation scenarios as a water source in ice form on the surface. A study of the artificial permafrost of underground as an ice dam was processed in FEFLOW simulation scenarios for accumulating groundwater resources. The results of these artificial recharging methods were individually calculated, combined, and compared with the surface reservoir, which releases a constant discharge through the dam. In this paper, new ideas are presented involving managed aquifer recharge—MAR methods, and include application to aufeis, a mass of layered ice for groundwater recharge by melting. Additionally, the accumulation of groundwater using artificial permafrost is used as an underground dam. In addition, was considered recharging scenario only with constant release water amount from water reservoir also with all MAR methods together with reservoir combination.

Mueller matrix metrology: Depolarization reveals size distribution

The analysis of critical dimensions of nanostructured areas should ideally give both their size with nanometer resolution and the size distribution over a large area, two contradicting goals for most microscopic techniques. Here, we demonstrate that Mueller-matrix metrology is a fast and nondestructive technique able to identify deviations, as small as 1 to 2 nm, from the desired shape and the statistical distribution of sizes on a potentially unlimited area. Tiny shape deviations are accessible from Mueller-matrix measurements over a complete azimuthal rotation after the subsequent differential decomposition of the matrices and elucidated from small anisotropies. The size distribution is hidden in the depolarization and is extracted by comparing the simulated and measured sum-decomposed Mueller matrices. This study especially demonstrates that depolarization concealed in measured Mueller matrices contains valuable information about the sample.

Icing phenomena for managed aquifer recharge (MAR) and it’s feflow simulation result

Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, shows a highly dynamic urban and industrial development, with a strong increase of population. Thus, water demand is continuously rising while water availability is in general low and less reliable. The semi-arid and cold environment shows a high variability in precipitation and river discharge, with a general tendency towards decreasing water availability due to increasing air temperatures and thus rising potential evaporation. In parallel with the city’s development, the extended groundwater aquifer shows a clear decline, and the groundwater levels drop significantly. Therefore, a groundwater management system based on managed aquifer recharge is proposed and a strategy to implement these measures in the Tuul valley is presented. In this study considered enhancement of natural recharge rates during the early winter cold period, an increase of groundwater recharge through creating ice storages, due to keep water source as in ice form on surface. In dry season March to May ice storage recharge surface and groundwater by melting where Tuul River is non-flow condition. In this paper also written matlab icing code in water supply wells location, limited and unlimited area. The study of icing was processed in feflow simulation scenarios for artificially recharging groundwater resources.In this study considered feflow simulation scenarios for artificially recharging groundwater resources like enhancement of natural recharge rates during the early winter cold period, an increase of groundwater recharge through creating ice storages, due to keep water source as in ice form on surface, drainage canal recharging aquifer from opposite side, constructing underground dam that accumulates groundwater behind. The result shown that one of the possibilities recharge groundwater in dry season is icing method which creates ice sheets over ice and build ice storages in winter, keep water in ice form.

УЧЕНЫЙ ИЗОБРЕТАТЕЛЬ ПЭВМ «ОКЕАН-240», ЯХТЕННЫЙ КАПИТАН ДМИТРИЙ ТИЛИНИН

A brief biography of Dmitry Tilinin a senior researcher at the Institute of Oceanology is given. He was one of the first in the USSR developers of an applied personal computer, the creator of information and measurement systems for hydrophysical studies, hydroacoustic bottom stations, acoustic buoys, successfully combining active scientific and technical activity in the field of acoustic methods of studying the ocean with his lifelong hobby - sailing sport. He was the yacht captain of the unlimited navigation area, master of sports in sailing species. This is the history of man, under whose leadership and with his personal participation in the mid-90s, one of the first communication centers with Internet access was created at the Institute of Oceanology, thereby providing the Institute with modern level of communication with the international community.

Effect of initial conditions on the dispersion dynamics of a diffusing substance

This work continues the studies on the diffusion of a substance over a water surface, in particular, the effect of nonuniformity in the initial distribution of a substance on the dynamic characteristics of a pollution spot has been investigated. A pollution spot is understood to mean a water surface area in which the concentration of a diffusing substance is higher than a specified threshold value. The analytical solutions of boundary-value problems have been found by the Fourier method in special functions for the equation of diffusion in unlimited areas. Asymptotic and numerical methods are used for their analysis. It has been concluded that the initial distribution of a polluting substance over the surface has a slight effect not only on the lifetime of a pollution spot but also on its maximum radius at the same volume of pollution. The maximum size of a pollution spot and the time moment at which this size is attained have been found in the case of a uniform substance distribution.

Dynamic Modeling and Feedback Linearization Control of Wheeled Mobile Cable-Driven Parallel Robot Considering Cable Sag

Cable robots are one of the subcategories of parallel robots used particularly for the applications where the large workspace is required. This type of robots can cover larger workspace compared with serial robots or parallel robots with rigid links. The main issues of cable robots are the cable flexibility due to the need to long cable length as well as inappropriate cable tension distribution in the proximity of the workspace boundaries. By combining a cable robot with a wheeled mobile robot, an unlimited area of workspace can be reached with shorter cable length. Moreover, as the end-effector does not need to come close to its boundary in the mobile platform frame to reach any desired point in the workspace, the tensions are distributed appropriately. The cable sagging in the cable robots is another issue that increases the system error and deviation of the end-effector from the desired trajectory. Therefore, this paper presents the dynamic modeling and control of a cable-suspended parallel robot with a wheeled mobile platform considering the weight of the cable. To this end, the dynamic equations of the wheeled mobile cable robot are obtained using Gibbs–Appel method. Then, the equations related to the weight and sagging of the cable are added to the equations of motion. Control of the system using feedback linearization method is presented. Furthermore, investigating the effect of cable sag on the tension and the end-effector pose of the closed-loop system is demonstrated. Finally, verification is carried out by comparing the simulation and experimental results.