Petroleum University Research Articles

The Transformative Patent Landscape in Saudi Arabia Since the Saudi Vision 2030 Announcement

This study analyzes the patent landscape of Saudi Arabia from the announcement of Saudi Vision 2030 in late April 2016 to September 2024, utilizing the Patsnap database to evaluate patent grants across various organizations. The findings reveal a gradual increase in patent registrations, with Saudi Aramco leading in patent grants, followed by King Faisal University (KFU), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), and King Abdulaziz University (KAU). SABIC, a prominent industry player in Saudi Arabia, has registered most of its patents using its European Head Office address and holds extensive collaborations with international partners, generating numerous patents. The analysis identifies the top patent offices where KSA organizations seek protection, including the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), Saudi Authority for Intellectual Property (SAIP), European Patent Office (EPO), the China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA), and the German Patent and Trade Mark Office. However, the limited number of registrations at the SAIP highlights a need for improvement. The primary application domains encompass borehole/well accessories, measurement devices, organic chemistry, computing, and chemical/physical processes. The landscape reveals that Saudi Aramco and KFUPM focus predominantly on upstream and downstream technologies, while KAU, KFU, and KAUST concentrate on life sciences. Key findings indicate a significant increase in patent activity since the vision announcement, suggesting a growing focus on innovation within Saudi Arabia. However, the concentration of patents among a few major players (Saudi Aramco and SABIC) and the underrepresentation of patents filed with the Saudi Authority of Intellectual Property (SAIP) highlight areas for improvement. This study emphasizes the necessity to support small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and healthcare research institutions to foster broader participation in innovation and protect novel technologies. This research contributes valuable insights into the current state of patenting activities in Saudi Arabia and outlines opportunities for enhancing the country’s innovation ecosystem.

Mapping Research trend in Covid 19 and energy

This research delves into the bibliometric analysis of the interconnection between COVID-19 and energy, exploring the scholarly landscape and research trends in these critical areas. By employing bibliometric methods using biblioshiny to analyze publications, citation networks, and collaboration patterns, this study aims to uncover the impact and visibility of research from 2020-2023 from scopus index on keyword COVID-19 and energy. , average citation in document is 16,54.In H index , We can see that affiliation Energies. Have highest H index 14, the highest no of documents belongs to Klemes JJ with 12 documents, We can see that affiliation from China university of Petroleum (East China) have the highest production article in year 2023 reach nearly 20. in this data china have the highest corresponding authors countries , The treemap indicates the most frequently used keywords in articles,in this dataset about covid19 and energy we find Covid 19 and Energy utilization as the most common word. in emerging or declining themes we find covid 19, energy utilization and energy efficiency , and in motor themes we find human, human and corona virus disease 2019 , for basic themes and niche themes is empty

Technology Focus: EOR Operations (November 2024)

International agreements and national policies on environmental sustainability are changing the outlook for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) globally. These changes are highlighted by both monetary and intellectual commitments by oil companies around the world. Saudi Aramco has pledged $1.5 billion toward sustainable technology. In practice, members of Aramco’s EXPEC Advanced Research Center have collaborated with King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals to develop sustainable surfactants for use in high-temperature, high-pressure, and high-salinity carbonate reservoirs. They used no or only green solvents to produce soluble, stable surfactants with the potential for biodegradability. In Colombia, Ecopetrol is committed to reducing CO2 emission by 25% by 2030. As part of its efforts, it has been optimizing polymer injection in Chichimene, a heavy-oil field. By estimating life cycle greenhouse-gas emissions and energy consumption, it was able to show that polymer injection and its associated carbon intensity reduction could prevent the emission of 3,200 tons CO2 equivalent. To comply with the UK’s North Sea Transition Deal, which mandates a 50% reduction in offshore oil and gas emissions by 2030, Ithaca Energy and Energy Research Norway is using life-cycle assessment to guide more efficient heavy-oil recovery. By using low-dose polymer injection, instead of alternatives such as thermal EOR, it was able to increase exergy while also reducing CO2 emissions by 35%. In these studies, we already see the effect of the energy transition as companies turn away from traditionally effective but environmentally burdensome EOR methods such as steam injection and new polymers that show equal, if not greater, effectiveness with a reduced environmental cost. As we move forward with further regulation and innovation, it will be interesting to see how emerging technological developments in polymers, nanofluids, and even artificial intelligence can help producers meet both the economic and environmental criteria to maintain profitable fields. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 218653 Coinjection EOR Technology Increases Recovery and Reduces Greenhouse-Gas Emissions by G. Wasylchuk, GERI SPE 218690 Steam Generation Using Renewables Energy—An Integrated Approach for Enhanced Oil Recovery Applications by Mustafa Al Ajmi, Petroleum Development Oman, et al. SPE 218962 Reaching a Million Barrels in an Abu Dhabi Field by Focusing on Operations Efficiency by Masud J. Akhtar, Abu Dhabi National Oil Company, et al.

Preface

The 7th International Conference on Downhole Measurement and Control (ICDMC2024) is originated from the Conference on Measurement and Control While Drilling. This conference was organized by China University of Petroleum (East China) and Beijing Liuhe Greatness Technology Co., Ltd., and has been held six times successfully. This year, in view of the academic and industrial trends and aiming to enhance the influence of the conference, the 7th conference has been named as the 7th International Conference on Downhole Measurement and Control (ICDMC2024), and was held successfully on 22nd-23rd August, 2024 in Beijing, China. ICDMC2024 was organized and supported by Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., China University of Petroleum (East China), Southwest Petroleum University, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Central South University, China Oilfield Services Limited (COSL), Sichuan Tianshi Hechuang Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing Liuhe Greatness Technology Co., Ltd., and Beijing Petroleum Machinery Co., Ltd. ICDMC2024 gathers distinguished scholars, researchers, and practitioners from diverse institutions of the globe to engage in comprehensive discussions on downhole parameter measurement technology, high-speed data transmission technology while drilling, research and development of borehole trajectory control technology and equipment, intelligent development of measurement and control while drilling, and application of measurement and control while drilling technology. We are grateful to the notable speakers from the academic institutions and the industries. The speakers share their profound knowledge and advanced insight, promoting high-quality development of the technology and the industry. The proceeding of ICDMC2024 collects academic papers that underwent double-anonymous reviews and contribute to the technical advancements of the fields. The reviewer evaluated the paper’s originality, relevance, technical contribution, data accuracy, and writing structure. The ICDMC20242024 Committee appreciate the reviewers and committee members’ effort to complete the reviews and deal with the manuscripts. We also sincerely thank all the authors, participants, committee members, organizing staffs and volunteers for their support to the ICDMC2024. Committee of ICDMC2024. List of Committee of ICDMC2024 is available in this Pdf.

Machine-Learning Approach PredictsGel Strength of Drilling Fluid While Drilling

_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 35433, “Novel Machine-Learning Approach for Predicting the Gel Strength of the Drilling Fluid While Drilling,” by Ahmed Gowida, SPE, and Salaheldin Elkatatny, SPE, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2024 Offshore Technology Conference. _ Accurately estimating gel strength is paramount for optimizing drilling operations and preventing cuttings from settling at the wellbore’s bottom. Traditional methods rely on rotational viscometers, which are time-intensive, equipment-dependent, and lack real-time monitoring capabilities. This study underscores the feasibility of leveraging machine learning (ML) as a practical tool for predicting drilling-fluid gel strength, offering real-time monitoring and precise predictions to enhance drilling efficiency, safety, and automation initiatives. Background The gel strength of drilling fluid is assessed using a viscometer, focusing on the 3-rev/min reading obtained after agitating the fluid at 600 rev/min to disrupt any gel formation. Initially, the measurement is taken when the mud reaches a static state for 10 seconds. Subsequent readings are conducted at 10- and 30-minute intervals. The rationale behind the 30-minute reading lies in its ability to indicate whether the mud forms a substantial gel during prolonged static periods, such as when tripping out a bottomhole assembly. Elevated gel strength may result in increased pump pressure required to restore circulation after extended static conditions. Additionally, a consistent upward trend in the 30-minute gel strength suggests the accumulation of ultrafine solids. Consequently, appropriate measures such as chemical treatments or dilution with fresh base fluid are necessary to address this issue. The frequency of measuring various fluid properties is tailored to their respective effects on well-control and drilling operations. These frequent evaluations allow for timely adjustments and monitoring of rheological measurements, offering valuable insights into rock sensitivity and the performance of mud activity and stability after exposure to drilled formations. On the other hand, a complete mud test (including all mud rheological properties) is performed twice a day because it consumes considerable time. It has been observed that mud rheological properties exhibit a significant correlation with two fundamental mud properties: mud weight and Marsh funnel (MF) viscosity. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, a dearth of research exists in the literature aimed at predicting the gel strength of drilling fluid using ML techniques. Consequently, this research endeavor introduces a novel ML model designed specifically for forecasting the gel strength of synthetic oil-based mud systems. Such predictive models are poised to enhance drilling performance by optimizing mud functions. Leveraging MF and mud-density measurements, the developed models aim to forecast the rheological properties of drilling fluid, thereby facilitating improved monitoring of mud functionality during drilling operations at the rig site.

Locally Produced Sustainable and Resilient Surfactants for Enhanced Oil Recovery

_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 24518, “Locally Produced Sustainable and Resilient Surfactants for Enhanced Oil Recovery,” by Syed Muhammad Shakil Hussain, SPE, Muhammad Shahzad Kamal, SPE, and Afeez Gbadamosi, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2024 International Petroleum Technology Conference. _ Chemical flooding is a major enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method for recovering residual oil within rock pores. Injected chemicals such as surfactant, however, must be soluble in low- and high-salinity brine, compatible with reservoir ions, and stable at elevated temperatures. The main objective of the study described in the complete paper is to explore the potential of locally produced surfactants for EOR in high-temperature and high-salinity reservoir environments. Design and synthesis of the new surfactants were achieved using green or no solvents. Importance of Chemical EOR Because only 15–20% of hydrocarbons can be extracted in the primary recovery stage, the waterflooding or gas-injection techniques usually are applied in the secondary recovery stage to extract 15–20% more oil and maintain the oilfield’s original pressure. After the application of these two techniques, however, a large amount of oil remains, the extraction of which requires the use of EOR, which can include thermal, gas, or chemical techniques. In thermal EOR, hot water or steamflooding are usually used to recover heavy oil. Currently, other thermal EOR methods such as in-situ combustion or steam-assisted gravity drainage receive considerable attention, especially in reservoirs containing heavy to extra-heavy crude oil. Gas methods normally are used in reservoirs featuring light and volatile oil. CO2 flooding is perhaps the most extensively applied gas EOR method for light oil extraction. Other gases such as nitrogen, hydrocarbon gas, acid gas, and air also are used for oil recovery. Chemical EOR involves the injection of chemicals including surfactants, polymers, alkali, and mixtures thereof. The polymer tends to increase the viscosity of the aqueous phase and lower the permeability of reservoir rocks. Surfactants minimize the interfacial tension (IFT), cause emulsification, and alter the wettability of the reservoir rocks. Alkali flooding generates in-situ surfactant by reacting with organic acid and ultimately reducing the IFT. Surfactants are organic compounds having both lipophilic and lipophobic parts. The lipophilic part is called a nonpolar compound and is soluble in the oil phase. The lipophobic part is termed a polar group and is soluble in the aqueous phase. Because of the availability of both lipophilic and lipophobic compounds in the same chemical structure, the surfactant stays on the interface ­of the water and oil phase and reduces the IFT. Based on the charge of the lipophobic head, the surfactants can be classified as nonionic, cationic, anionic, and zwitterionic (Fig. 1). Each class of surfactants possesses unique properties. For example, anionic surfactants are the material of choice in sandstone reservoirs because of their low adsorption into reservoir rocks. Similarly, the cationic surfactants exhibit minimum adsorption in carbonate rocks because of charge repulsion. Zwitterionic surfactants (ZS) show high heat-stability and salt-tolerance properties, and nonionic surfactants are known for their use as cosurfactants or solvents.

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Double Anonymous • Conference submission management system: Morressier • Number of submissions received: 64 • Number of submissions sent for review: 59 • Number of submissions accepted: 59 • Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 92.2 • Average number of reviews per paper: 1.99 • Total number of reviewers involved: 5 • Contact person for queries: Name: X.H. Zhu Email: ICDMC_Conference@126.com Affiliation: Southwest Petroleum University

A Review of CiteSpace Visualisation and Analysis of High-Temperature Corrosion Inhibitors for Oil and Gas Fields

With the increasing global energy demand, the exploitation depth of oil and gas fields is gradually increasing. At the same time, importing many high-acid crude oil makes it increasingly heavy and inferior, and its acid value is constantly improving. This change has led to the increasingly severe corrosion problem of oil and gas field equipment, which has become an essential factor affecting the national economy and society's sustainable development. As an economical and practical anticorrosion measure, corrosion inhibitors play a crucial role in the anticorrosion of oil and gas field equipment. Through the research method of biorientation, retrieve the Web of Science database in 2008-2024 about oil and gas field high-temperature corrosion inhibitor research literature information, using CiteSpace measurement analysis software visual analysis in the literature keywords, publications, high citation frequency, cooperation and word clustering information change trend, analyze the research situation of oil and gas field in recent years, summarizes the research hotspot of oil field high-temperature corrosion inhibitor, prominent authors and institutions, reference relationship and development trend. The number of documents on high-temperature corrosion inhibitors in oil and gas fields is smaller, and the authors, institutions, and countries are not closely related. There is less research cooperation on high-temperature corrosion inhibitors in oil and gas fields, and more independent studies exist. China University of Petroleum has the first number of publications, and China is the country with the first number of publications. The study of mass spectrometry for corrosion inhibitors in oil and gas fields is prominent, while the literature on high-temperature corrosion inhibitors is rare.

Preface

2024 4th International Conference on Fluid and Chemical Engineering (ICFCE 2024) has been successfully held on July 26-27, 2024, in Wuhan China as a virtual event. Organized by Hubei Zhongke Institute of Geology and Environment Technology, ICFCE 2024 intends to invite worldwide famous scientists, experts, scholars, and researchers for academic presentations. ICFCE 2024 proceeding is a collection of outstanding submissions in the field of biofluid mechanics, chemically reacting fluids and combustion, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), experimental fluid mechanics, flow through porous media, fluid–solid interactions (FSI), geophysical fluid dynamics, granular/suspension flows, heat and mass transfer, hydrodynamics, physical, theoretical and computational chemistry, chemical engineering fundamentals, chemical reaction engineering, chemical engineering equipment design and process design, thermodynamics, catalysis & reaction engineering, particulate systems, crystallization, etc. Around 65 articles were selected from 146 submissions after peer-review, and authors and guests participated in ICFCE 2024 with keynote speeches, oral presentations and posters, promoting the communication among researchers and experts from institutes and universities, including University of Sharjah, The University of Manchester, Harbin Engineering University, China University of Petroleum (East China), Shanghai Maritime University, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nagoya University, Marine Design & Research Institute of China, Tianjin Transportation Technical College, Okayama University, etc. Cordial gratitude is delivered to Technical Program Committee of ICFCE 2024 for the professional work on guarantying the high standard of conference as well as the proceedings. We believe the proceedings will enhance the exchange of ideas and state-of-art knowledge on Fluid and Chemical Engineering. Finally, we thank all the staff members at IOP Publishing for their valuable editorial support. Professor Omid Mahian Xian Jiaotong University, China Associate Professor Sébastien Déon University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France List of Technical Committee is available in the pdf

Research on the ice-resistance performance of conical wind turbine foundation in brash ice fields

Due to the significantly higher wind energy density in high-latitude sea areas compared to other regions, the construction of offshore wind farms is shifting towards these areas. However, in high-latitude sea areas, large amounts of sea ice float on the surface during winter, making ice loads a critical factor affecting the structural safety of wind turbines. For monopile flexible wind turbines, installing an ice-breaking cone near the waterline is an effective measure to withstand the threat of sea ice. To clarify the ice resistance performance of conical wind turbine foundations in brash ice zones, this study proposes a coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM). This method is used to calculate the ice load results for a cylindrical riser, and the results were found to be in good agreement with the ice load experiment results from China University of Petroleum's wave flume (CUPWF). This validation confirms the rationality of the method. Taking a 5 MW monopile wind turbine installed with an ice-breaking cone as the research object, the time history of dynamic ice loads and the displacement response of ice-induced vibration during the interaction between the wind turbine and brash ice are simulated. Considering the water level variations caused by tides, the differences in ice resistance performance between the upright cone and the inverted cone of the ice-breaking cone are analyzed. Finally, the impact of changes in cone angle on the ice resistance performance of the wind turbine foundation is determined. The results indicate that under the impact of brash ice, the upright cone of the ice-breaking cone has a higher ice resistance capacity compared to the inverted cone. With changes in cone angle, the trends of ice loads in the horizontal and vertical directions vary oppositely. However, the overall ice resistance capacity of the wind turbine foundation decreases as the cone angle increases. This study can provide a reference for the rational design of conical wind turbines in cold regions.

Preface

It is my honor to present the proceedings of the 2024 3rd International Conference on Smart Grid and Green Energy (ICSGGE 2024). ICSGGE 2024 is an event that brings together the world’s leading experts and scholars in the fields of smart grid and green energy, and is also an excellent platform for sharing the latest research results and discussing the application of cutting-edge technologies in related research domains. With the increasing severity of global climate change and energy crisis, smart grid and green energy, as the key means to solve the energy problem, have received extensive attention from the international community. In order to further promote technological innovation, academic exchanges and cooperation in the fields of smart grid and green energy, ICSGGE 2024 was held from April 19th to 21st, 2024 in Chengdu, China (virtual conference). ICSGGE 2024 brought together top scholars and researchers from all over the world, who shared their latest research results and practical experiences in the fields of smart grid and green energy in this conference. Such topics as The Role of Smart Grids to Drive Cities Towards Carbon Neutrality (by Prof. Steivan Defilla, Tianjin University, China), Role of Energy Conservation & Management in Energy Transition (by Prof. Muhammad Asif, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia), among others were discussed during the keynote speech part. Through exchanges and discussions, we have jointly explored the development trends and future research direction of smart grid and green energy, stimulated innovative thinking, and promoted academic exchanges and cooperation. This proceedings of ICSGGE 2024 contains excellent academic papers from all around the world, which not only cover the basic theories, teaching methods, and evaluation systems of smart grid and green energy, but also discuss in depth the applications and innovations in many fields. Topics include but are not limited to Smart Grid Security, Energy Transfer and Interactive Technology, Communication-Based Control and Protection, Photovoltaic Systems and Solar Energy Engineering, Power Electronics and Drives, Wind Energy Generation, etc. Each paper has been strictly reviewed and screened to ensure its academic value and practical application value. We would like to express my heartfelt thanks to all the experts and scholars, organizers, sponsors and participants who have contributed to and supported this conference. And we believe that all the experts and scholars have harvested fruitful results and inspired new inspirations in this event. Through our joint efforts and wisdom, the ICSGGE 2024 has become a grand event in the fields of smart grid and green energy, and made a new contribution to the promotion of electronic and energy engineering. The Committee of ICSGGE 2024 List of Committee Member is available in this Pdf.

Technology Focus: Decarbonization (July 2024)

While significant progress has been made in carbon abatement, evidenced in literature produced over the past year, particularly within the realm of carbon capture and storage (CCS), I’d like to invite your attention to three key topics in this discussion. First, despite more than 3 decades of intense focus on emissions issues, highlighted since the 1980s and formalized with the establishment of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992, global emissions have only increased instead of going down. It’s imperative to question the efficacy, premises, practicality, and overlooked hurdles of current approaches. Paper SPE 214950, summarized here, sheds light on some of these challenges. It emphasizes that implementing costly carbon-abatement methods in a world marked by sharp regional economic disparities with wealth concentrated in a few countries could worsen economic inequalities by making access to energy even less equitable. Additionally, paper SPE 215050 (included in the list for further reading) underscores the priority of energy security over carbon reduction, citing recent evidence from leading proponent nations of climate action resorting to the use of coal. Failing to address energy security and economic disparity, though these are not the only obstacles, could hinder progress toward societal carbon-reduction goals. My second topic for your kind attention is the progress made on the CCS front, on which an overwhelming number of papers (approximately 75% of those reviewed) were presented at SPE conferences last year. An ongoing challenge with CCS, particularly in deep saline aquifers, is the prolonged period required for injected CO2 to chemically react and solidify for permanent storage. Paper SPE 215352, summarized here, introduces a different perspective based on the author’s exposure to another industry: proposing the coinjection of CaCl2 to expedite the permanent storage of CO2, potentially addressing this issue. The third topic that you will find interesting is developments on the hydrogen front, aimed at replacing direct use of fossil fuels as energy vectors. The cost of producing green hydrogen is expected to come down with advancement of technology, at least in some geographical areas, as the second paper shortlisted for further reading, paper IPTC 23652, suggests. One promising application involves using excess solar power during the day to convert hydrogen and store it underground for use when sunlight is unavailable. This could green the so-called peaker plants. While the approach of underground hydrogen storage (UHS) undoubtedly has the advantage of storing large amounts of energy, it may still struggle to compete with utility-scale battery storage in terms of the associated round-trip energy efficiency. There are many technoeconomic challenges to be solved in the hydrogen-based energy approach, including in the UHS context, before it can be used at a significant scale. Despite some previous experience with controlled and small-scale application of UHS, much remains to be learned about its safety and economics. The risks include leakage hazards, underground chemical reactions, loss from residual trapping, and contamination, among others. However, papers like IPTC 23943, one summarized here, along with the third one selected for further reading, paper SPE 215489, underline the necessity and the strides being made by the engineering community in overcoming these technological challenges. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 215050 Energy Transition or Energy Advancement! by Sami A. Alnuaim, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, et al. IPTC 23652 Sun-Powered Green Hydrogen—A Comparative Analysis From the Kingdoms of Morocco and Saudi Arabia by Waldemar Szemat-Vielma, SLB, et al. SPE 215489 Role of Hydrogen Storage for UK Energy Resilience for Net Zero by S.K. Kimpton, DNV, et al.

A Novel Method for Analyzing Sandbar Distribution in Shelf-Type Tidal Deltas Using Sediment Dynamic Simulation

Shallow marine shelf sedimentation is a hot and difficult topic in today’s reservoir sedimentology research, and it is widely present in the world. The shallow marine shelf sedimentation is not only affected by complex hydrodynamic effects such as tides and waves, but also controlled by bottom tectonic features, forming a complex and varied sedimentation pattern. During the Middle Jurassic period, the northern part of West Siberian Basin was characterized by a shallow marine shelf sedimentary environment. In the central reion of this basin, a typical tectonic uplift zone developed, forming a tectonic background of “one uplift zone between two depressions”. Simultaneously, the dominant influence of tides in the shallow marine shelf environment facilitated the formation of a typical shelf-type tidal delta sedimentation system in the Jurassic strata of the northern part of West Siberian Basin. This sedimentation constitutes a significant natural gas reservoir, and it is important to investigate the sedimentary evolution of shelf-type tidal deltas and to clarify the internal structure and distribution of sedimentary sand bodies and interlayers in shelf-type tidal deltas, which is the basis for the fine development of this type of reservoir. This paper takes the Jurassic strata in the Y region of northern part of West Siberian Basin as the research object, and conducts numerical simulation based on sedimentary dynamics for the shelf-type tidal delta sedimentation formed under the tectonic background of “one uplift zone between two depressions”. In addition, tidal amplitude and initial water level were selected for different hydrodynamic factors to study the main controlling factors of shelf-type tidal delta sedimentation. The simulation results show that tidal amplitude is positively correlated with three-dimensional configuration characteristic parameters of the sedimentary sand bodies, and the development of tidal bars becomes more and more limited as the initial water level increases. This paper systematically investigates the sedimentary evolution of shelf-type tidal delta under the tectonic background of “one uplift zone between two depressions” by the sedimentary dynamics method, which deepens the understanding of the shelf-type tidal delta sedimentation process and provides a new thinking for the development of this sedimentary reservoir type (School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum (East China)).

Exploring the Human Response to Anger: Uncovering Insights through Infrared Thermography and Experimental psychology

This study examines how exposure to angry versus neutral facial expressions affects facial temperature, aiming to validate thermograms as reliable measures of emotional responses. We focus on Saudi youth and explore the impact of different stimuli categories (young vs. old, male vs. female) on subjective feelings recorded by thermal cameras.The research involved a sample of 40 male participants selected from King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) in Saudi Arabia, with an average age of 21.8 years (SD = 1.3). All participants had normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity. The study comprised two experiments to examine the impact of exposure to angry versus neutral faces on physiological responses. Thermal data were collected using infrared thermography, focusing on variations in facial temperature as a key indicator of physiological reactions. Participants were exposed to stimuli consisting of angry and neutral faces from various demographic categories, including males, females, young individuals, and elderly adults. This comprehensive methodology combined behavioral analysis and infrared thermography techniqueThe behavioral findings indicated that individuals exhibited increased response times (RTs) when classifying angry stimuli compared to neutral face stimuli. Infrared thermography revealed a notable impact of anger, particularly in Region of Interest 5 (the area around the upper jaw). This effect was especially pronounced in individuals exposed to angry facial expressions, but not in those analyzing angry expressions of younger individuals.These findings provide insight into the unique physiological responses triggered by angry facial expressions, specifically identifying temperature rises in specific facial areas. The results contribute to our understanding of the physiological mechanisms involved in the processing of facial expression recognition.

Based on the west, training high-quality innovative accounting talents in petroleum colleges and universities

The cultivation of innovative talents is an important and necessary way for a country to improve its international competitiveness in the era of knowledge economy, and it is also the only way for petroleum colleges and universities to enhance the employment rate of students and thus enhance the regional competitiveness of petroleum colleges and universities. The cultivation of high quality and innovative accounting talents is a new mission and connotation given to petroleum universities by The Times. Based on the analysis of the current situation and existing problems of the training of accounting talents in petroleum colleges and universities, this paper puts forward some ideas and approaches such as transforming teachers' teaching ideas and constructing practical teaching guarantee system.

Fault-tolerant formation consensus control for time-varying multi-agent systems with stochastic communication protocol

Article Fault-tolerant formation consensus control for time-varying multi-agent systems with stochastic communication protocol Chunyu Li, Yifan Liu, Ming Gao, and Li Sheng * 1 College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China * Correspondence: E-mail: shengli@upc.edu.cn Received: 4 September 2023 Accepted: 8 November 2023 Published: 26 March 2024 Abstract: This paper is concerned with the problem of fault-tolerant formation consensus control for linear time-varying (LTV) multi-agent systems (MASs) with stochastic communication protocol (SCP). The SCP is introduced to schedule the signal transmission, and only one neighbouring agent is allowed to transmit data at one instant. The purpose of this work is to design a fault-tolerant controller for each agent, so that, for all probabilistic scheduling behaviors, MASs can achieve the formation consensus performance. The state and fault are augmented into a new vector, meanwhile, each agent system is written as a singular one and a state observer is designed. By utilizing the estimated information of states and faults, the designed time-varying compensation term can reduce the impacts of unknown external disturbances and faults. Then, a sufficient condition is obtained to guarantee the performance constraint over the finite horizon for closed-loop systems. The parameters of observers and controllers are derived by solving coupled backward recursive Riccati difference equations. Finally, a numerical example is given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed fault-tolerant control scheme.

Research on Strengthening Quality Education and Training Mode of Innovative Talents in Petroleum Universities

In the era of knowledge economy, quality education is an important guide to the transformation of educational ideas and concepts in colleges and universities, and a pointer to deepening teaching reform. The core of talent competition is the comprehensive quality of people. The comprehensive quality education for college students has become the requirement of the petroleum college education reform. Therefore, guided by quality education, changing the concept of personnel training and innovating the mode of personnel training are the inevitable choices for the healthy development of higher education in petroleum universities.

Aggregating Distributed Energy Resources: Efficiency and Market Power

Problem definition: The rapid expansion of distributed energy resources (DERs) is one of the most significant changes to electricity systems around the world. Examples of DERs include solar panels, electric storage, thermal storage, and combined heat and power plants. Because of the small supply capacities of these DERs, it is impractical for them to participate directly in the wholesale electricity market. We study in this paper the question of how to integrate these DER supplies into the electricity market, with the objective of achieving full market efficiency. Methodology/results: We study four aggregation models, where there is an aggregator who, with the knowledge of DERs’ utility functions and generations, procures electricity from DERs, and sells them in the wholesale market. In the first aggregation model, a profit-maximizing aggregator announces a differential two-part pricing policy to the DER owners. We show that this model preserves full market efficiency, that is, the social welfare achieved by this model is the same as that when DERs participate directly in the wholesale market. In the second aggregation model, the profit-seeking aggregator is forced to impose a uniform two-part pricing policy to prosumers from the same location, and we numerically show that there can be large efficiency loss. In the third (fourth) aggregation model, a uniform (semiuniform) two-part pricing policy is applied to DER owners, whereas the aggregator becomes fully regulated but is guaranteed nonnegative (positive) profit. It is shown that these models again achieve full market efficiency. Furthermore, we show that DER aggregation also leads to a reduction in the market power of conventional generators. Managerial implications: DER aggregation via profit-seeking and/or regulated aggregators has been investigated by California Independent System Operator and New York Independent System Operator, among others, and the recent Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Order No. 2222 paved the way for aggregators to bid in the wholesale market. Our four aggregation models may shed light on how DERs should be included in the wholesale electricity market. Funding: This work was supported by the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals [Grant INML2106] and the National Science Foundation [Grant 1832230]. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.0539 .

Reservoir Modeling Predicts Effect of Cold-Water Injection on Geothermal PTA

_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 212615, “Reservoir Modeling To Predict the Effect of Cold-Water Injection in Geothermal Pressure Transient Analysis,” by Purnayan Mitra, SPE, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, and Nihal Mounir Darraj, SPE, Imperial College London. The paper has not been peer reviewed. _ Geothermal reservoirs are one of the cleanest renewable sources of energy poised to address the global energy challenge. A major issue in the exploitation of geothermal reservoirs, however, is to find best-fit analytical methods for pressure transient analysis (PTA). This is because the assumptions made to predict PTA in hydrocarbon reservoirs are not satisfied by geothermal reservoirs. In the complete paper, the effect of cold-water injection on PTA of geothermal reservoirs is studied by varying the temperature of the injected cold water from room temperature to reservoir temperature. Introduction A major method of extracting heat energy from the Earth is the injection of water. Cold water is injected deep into geothermal reservoirs at a depth of 2–4.5 km. In this environment, cold water is essentially heated by the hot granite rock. Hydraulic fracturing is used to produce a large crack within the geothermal reservoir. Two boreholes intercept the crack. These boreholes are used for passing the cold fluid stream and the hot stream, respectively. In many scenarios, the gradient within the geothermal reservoir is so strong that a dry stream is produced. The greater the temperature difference between the injected fluid and the interior of the Earth, the greater the heat transfer. Therefore, it is always desirable to inject cold water inside geothermal reservoirs to maximize heat transfer and extract more heat. The steam coming out from the reservoir after heat transfer is used to run turbines to generate electricity. The steam also is used for a variety of other purposes. However, instances exist in which the temperature gradient is not as high, and it is difficult to produce a sufficiently heated dry stream. In such cases, an organic Rankine cycle is used for heating the steam on the surface. In such a case, the hot water or steam mixture is passed through a heat exchanger for heating the fluid to a desired temperature. When cold water is injected into the reservoir, a need exists to analyze the pressure transience throughout the reservoir. Different formations affect PTA in different ways. PTA across the geothermal reservoir currently is performed using the empirical correlations available for hydrocarbon reservoirs. Although the method is not 100% effective because of differences in reservoir parameters, PTA provides an idea about reservoir conditions. To reduce imperfection, it is often preferred to use reservoir parameters rather than injectate properties. In the complete paper, the authors study the effect of injected water on geothermal reservoirs while varying temperature from 14 to 312°C.

Technology Focus: Seismic (February 2024)

2023 wrapped up nicely with COP28 in Dubai. The key highlights were the commitments by both governments and the private sector to zero-methane production by 2030, net-zero greenhouse gas emissions from operations by 2050, and triple renewable power-generation capacity and double energy efficiency in this decade. There has been tremendous progress on our collective journey toward cleaner energy production, and now we must take it a notch higher. In the past couple of years, JPT’s Seismic feature has been marked by highly innovative seismic techniques and machine-learning work flows focused on reduction of carbon footprint; frontier exploration, expanding heartlands and brownfield development; and improved seismic survey, imaging, and attribute analysis for reservoir characterization and fracture diagnostics, which are in line with the COP28 pledges. This year’s feature is no different. Recent technical-paper titles have further shown the steady increase in the application of advanced seismic techniques and machine learning to mature “stranded” and “advantaged” hydrocarbon-bearing accumulations to production; improve carbon capture, storage, and leak detection; and analyze naturally and artificially induced fractured reservoirs and seismicity. The selected papers are reflective of these themes. In addition, some remarkable applications of seismic techniques are presented in the recommended papers. They include the following: - 2D nonlinear seismic site response analyses used to determine if the capacity of a silty sedimentation could support the load of a pipeline end termination in the event of an earthquake - The results of a pilot test of the Marine Vibrator, an industry-leading seismic-survey technique - High-resolution modeling to infer if an increase in seismicity is caused by an increase in pore pressure from wastewater injection in the Fort Worth Basin of north central Texas - 4D time/depth shifts and strain signals successfully used to estimate pressure depletion in the Gulf of Mexico Others are applying advanced measurement and modeling techniques to optimally place a long horizontal injector well in multilayered heterogeneous sandstone reservoirs and predicting reservoir presence from seismic velocity and pore-pressure prediction. These topics will supply the insights that will help us achieve the COP28 targets while we look forward to more exciting innovations in 2024. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. OTC 32267 Seismic Stability Assessment of a Mudmat on Liquefiable Seabed by Brian Carlton, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, et al. OTC 32393 Predicting Reservoir Presence From Seismic Velocity Mapping and Pore-Pressure Prediction by Matthew James Legg, Shell OTC 32741 Marine Vibrator Milestone: A Pilot Seismic Survey by R. Alfaro, TotalEnergies, et al. SPE 212951 High-Resolution Modeling of Pore-Pressure Change, Fault Slip Potential, and Induced Seismicity in the Fort Worth Basin by Changqing Yao, Texas A&M University, et al. URTeC 3870451 Impact of Fracture Roughness on Fines Migration and Fracture-Aperture Growth in Calcareous Shale Rocks During Acidized Corefloods by Hasan J. Khan, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, et al.