College Of Medicine Research Articles

Academic motivation among nursing students at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city and related factors

Academic motivation among nursing students at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city and related factors

Diminished ovarian reserve may have no effect on embryo euploidy: A retrospective cohort study.

Does an association exist between diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and embryonic aneuploidy risk in young women of reproductive age? This retrospective cohort study included 854 participants treated in the Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medicine University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, from May 2016 to September 2023 for a total of 894 cycles. The relationship between ovarian reserve and embryonic euploidy was evaluated using statistical methods such as generalized estimating equation (GEE) and propensity score matching (PSM). Despite the higher number of biopsied blastocysts in women with normal ovarian reserve, no significant difference in embryonic aneuploidy rates was observed between DOR women and the control group. In addition, there were no significant disparities observed in the rates of metaphase II (MII) oocytes, normal fertilization, transferable embryos, blastocyst formation, and high-scoring blastocysts between the DOR and control groups after PSM. This study showed that DOR had no significant effect on the incidence of aneuploidy in embryos. Young women informed about DOR should be relatively confident about the quality of their eggs and the euploidy status of their embryos before conventional assisted reproduction, thereby mitigating concern regarding adverse maternal outcomes due to aneuploidy.

Modulation of metabolic pathways and EndMT inhibition by a traditional Chinese herbal formula in the treatment of high-risk infections

BackgroundHerbal products have long been utilized as remedies for various disease conditions, including infections. This study investigates the therapeutic mechanism of a traditional Chinese herbal combination in treating high-risk HPV infections.MethodsThe herbal formula was prepared using common herbs: dry Millettia speciosa, Guanzhong (a spermatophyte), Sarsaparilla, White Fruit, and Cockscomb Flower. Eight female patients diagnosed with high-risk HPV were enrolled from January to September 2023 at Shenzhen Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Cervicovaginal secretions were collected before and after treatment with the herbal remedy and analyzed using non-targeted metabolomics techniques. In vitro studies were conducted using HeLa cells to determine the optimal effective concentration of the remedy, assessed via the CCK8 method. The proliferation and migration of HeLa cells were evaluated using Transwell assays. Quantitative PCR was employed to measure mRNA levels of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) markers, including VE-Cadherin, eNOS, α-SMA, and Snail.ResultsIn vivo, significant alterations in cervicovaginal secretion metabolites post-treatment were observed through PCA, OPLS-DA, and volcano plot analyses. KEGG enrichment analysis highlighted crucial signaling pathways such as arginine and proline metabolism, purine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism, indicating the herbal combination’s systemic effects on patients. In vitro experiments demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in HeLa cell proliferation and migration, confirmed by scratch and Transwell assays. Additionally, qPCR analysis revealed down-regulation of α-SMA and Snail, and up-regulation of VE-Cadherin and eNOS, suggesting inhibition of EndMT in HeLa cells.ConclusionThe traditional Chinese herbal combination modulates key metabolic pathways in vivo and inhibits EndMT in vitro, while reducing HeLa cell proliferation and migration. These findings highlight its potential as a therapeutic approach for managing HPV infections, bridging traditional practices with scientific research.

Inside the November 2024 Issue

Dear Readers, We are thrilled to bring you the second issue of the ninth volume of POCUS Journal. Published since 2016, POCUS Journal is the only multi-disciplinary, peer-reviewed, POCUS-focused journal that is free for authors and readers alike. This issue features a variety of POCUS articles from around the world: from North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and even Australia. In addition to novel cases with striking POCUS images and video clips, this issue boasts a great deal of educational research at all levels: Danila et al. (page 80) report on their study of how POCUS can augment a medical student preclinical cardiovascular course while Piro et al. (page 93) studied the impact of just-in-time POCUS curriculum on internal medicine residents; Janjigian et al. (page 109) studied the longitudinal impact of a faculty POCUS training course. POCUS is a powerful tool with a wide range of applications: for example, it can be used both to diagnose musculoskeletal conditions (Doblinger et al. page 15 and Mack et al. page 27) and to treat musculoskeletal conditions (Bowling et al page 12, and McCreary et al. page 30). POCUS can also be used to predict heart failure readmission (Malagón et al. page 125). We are so excited to showcase pivotal POCUS scholarship like this in the November issue. I hope you enjoy this issue of POCUS Journal as much as I have. A huge thank you to our authors, editorial board, and publisher. Sincerely , Benjamin T. Galen, MD Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA

Effect of acupuncture on quality of life in atrial fibrillation: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

IntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the prevalent cardiac arrhythmia and can significantly impair the quality of life (QoL). Although catheter ablation (CA) is an established treatment for AF,post-procedural complications or perceived...

The Center for Health Outcomes in Medicine Scholarship and Service (HOMES): Fostering and Supporting Physician-Initiated Research

Abstract Problem The U.S. physician scholar workforce, currently comprising less than 1.5% of U.S. physicians, continues to decrease, threatening national status as a global biomedical research leader. Academic medical center (AMC) trends away from tenure-track physician faculty appointments toward clinical faculty appointments have contributed to this decrease, but AMCs have limited strategies to equip clinical faculty to conduct research. Infrastructure fostering clinical faculty research may establish new mechanisms for expanding physician scholar workforce and supporting academic goals of clinical faculty. This article presents one such model, the Center for Health Outcomes in Medicine Scholarship and Service (HOMES), from the Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine. Approach Established in 2019, HOMES provides research infrastructure, support, and mentorship tailored to clinical faculty needs. Multidisciplinary core faculty support research across 5 cores: clinical networks, biostatistics and secondary data, qualitative methods, mixed methods, and research ethics. HOMES services include research consultation, mentorship, microgrants, a training toolkit, and symposia. Outcomes In 4 years, HOMES supported 50 faculty on 99 projects. Forty-five (90%) of these faculty have reported scholarly output, including 127 national presentations, authorship on 41 peer-reviewed articles, and 53 grant submissions. Forty HOMES-supported grant submissions have received funding, and 4 HOMES-supported physicians in training have pursued or plan to pursue AMC research careers. Next Steps HOMES has fostered scholarly productivity among AMC physicians, competitive grant applications, and research focus among physicians in training. As demand for HOMES services increases, HOMES will prioritize projects based on their innovation and research skill development potential. Academic medical centers can apply HOMES lessons through fostering clinical faculty collaboration with multidisciplinary research teams and increasing research training opportunities for residents and fellows. National expansion of funding opportunities dedicated to building biomedical research capacity and expertise among clinical faculty can facilitate sustainable scaling of HOMES-like models.

The impact of UTeach observation protocol-based multiple-source feedback on improving the quality of online teaching in medical education.

The ability to teach, as a core competency, has always suffered from a lack of systematic cultivation. This study aimed to explore the difference in teaching quality before and after the application of the UTOP (UTeach observation protocol)-based multiple source feedback (MSF) formative assessment of the quality improvement of medical education classrooms. This study retrospectively analyzed the teaching quality of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. The participants were divided into control and UTOP groups according to the actual training they took in the teaching. All the participants, including teachers and trainee teachers, who were under conventional teaching methods were in the control group, and those who were under MSF training were in the UTOP group. UTOP and New Teacher Assessment Scores (NTAS) were evaluated, and the differences between the two courses were analyzed. The UTOP group was divided into a teacher group and a practice group according to differences in the participants' teaching experience. The UTOP-MSF evaluation data were extracted and analyzed, and the differences in teaching quality were compared before and after the implementation of MSF training. The study was conducted for 10 months, with 43 participants completing 120 web-based lectures. In the control group, 32 participants were included, including 22 teachers with 27 courses and 10 trainee teachers who had no teaching experience with 13 courses. Eleven participants in the UTOP group received 9 rounds of MSF feedback training and completed 80 online lectures, including 3 teachers with 19 courses and 8 trainee teachers with 61 courses. A total of 324 evaluations from researchers were extracted and analyzed, including 162 UTOP scores and 162 NTAS; 575 MSF assessments were analyzed, including 438 from the teachers and 137 from the trainee teachers. The participants in the UTOP group had significantly higher UTOP and NTAS scores than did those in the control group did (59.84 ± 14.64 vs. 40.74 ± 6.80, p = 0.000; 73.00 (62.25, 80.00) vs. 53.00 (50.75, 57.00), p = 0.000, respectively). Among the participants who performed UTOP training, the UTOP-MSF scores increased for both teachers and trainee teachers (51.50 (37.75, 68.25) vs. 73.00 (68.00, 76.50), p = 0.022; 41.00 (36.00, 51.75) vs. 68.00 (59.75, 77.00), p = 0.000, respectively). The mean UTOP MSF scores were strongly positively correlated with the mean NTAS (r = 0.640, p = 0.000). UTOP-based MSF training significantly improved teaching quality in medical education, and it can be an effective tool for evaluating teaching quality.

Enhancing Analytical and Critical Thinking Skills through Reflective and Collaborative Learning: A Quasi-Experimental Study

In the context of contemporary higher education, cultivating students' analytical and critical thinking capabilities is essential for their achievement in both academic and professional arenas. Conventional pedagogical approaches frequently fail to adequately support the advancement of these sophisticated cognitive competencies. Recent studies suggest that reflective and collaborative learning methodologies can significantly strengthen these skills. Nevertheless, there remains a paucity of research concerning the overall effects of these educational strategies on university students. This initial investigation seeks to fill this void by assessing a blended instructional model that combines reflective and collaborative learning techniques to enhance the analytical and critical thinking abilities of students at Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The results indicate that this holistic approach not only improves cognitive skills but also fosters a more engaging and effective educational atmosphere. This research provides empirical validation for the incorporation of reflective and collaborative learning, offering valuable insights for curriculum design and instructional practices within higher education.

Abstract Su806: Enhancing Cardiac Arrest Registries and Research – A Framework for Handling Defibrillator Data

Background: Cardiac arrest is the most time-sensitive medical condition, and survival probability is highly dependent on early, high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) measures. Resuscitation registries are established tools for continuous quality improvement and serve as a source for research. Yet they lack comprehensive information on the quality of CPR measures themselves—such as the depth, rate, and release of chest compressions—and are limited in the temporal resolution of these measures. However, data on both are contained in the recordings of defibrillators. Aims: To develop a framework for healthcare providers to gain immediate case-specific feedback, reduce documentation efforts and make fine-grained information accessible for research. Approach: An open-source Python module named CPRDAT (Kern et al. Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10057964) was designed. This module is capable of importing and extracting data from various defibrillators as well as data recorded by VitalRecorder ( VitalDB , Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea) into a uniform data object. Methods were implemented to automatically process, analyze, and aggregate these time-series of physiological signals, with particular attention to CPR. To reduce manual annotation workload, classification algorithms were developed. Plotting routines were developed to display the signals interactively in web applications, allowing healthcare providers to interact with the data through zooming, scaling, shifting, concatenating, merging and labelling. Results: The module was implemented into the German Resuscitation Registry, offering users a manufacturer-agnostic, data-driven, case-specific debriefing tool. Extracted information on CPR measures is stored in the registry. The framework, able to manage multiple time-series data sources, was further implemented in other settings, such as the analysis of laboratory data of a CPR swine model. Conclusions: The new module dramatically enhances the accessibility of physiologic time-series recordings. More fine-grained data will provide deeper insights into processes and CPR physiology. Finally, the open-source Python module abolishes barriers in research.

Sequencing the Parasitic Nematode Contracaecum spp. in Edible Fish (Planiliza Abu)

Contracaecum rudolphii Hartwich,1 964 (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea, Anisakidae) is a typical anisakid recorded globally. Consumption of undercooked seafood, raw or infected, contains the nematode larvae that cause human anisakidosis . Fish (Planiliza abu) specimens were obtained from a local market in Karbala, Iraq. This type of fish came from the Razzaza Lake. The prevalence of Contracaecum spp. parasites was done over eight months from June 2022 until January 2023, using ITS1, morphological and molecular analysis of the nematodes Contracaecum spp from fish. Out of 395 fish, 124(31.3%) had visceral infections caused by Contracaecum spp. larval type (L3). The morphological and genetic identification of Contracaecum spp. was validated in the parasitology laboratory of the veterinary medicine college at Kerbala University. The result showed the infection rate in January 2023 was (46.6%) and it dropped in 2022, September with a percentage of (20%). With the use of ITS1 gene, the molecular analysis for Contracaecum spp. was to investigate Contracaecum spp. and to confirm it. However, the nematode count, number of infected fish, and length were all substantially different at the P≤0.05. This study detected the isolate=(a1) at the locus=OP787071 and sequencing the parasites. The isolates were confirmed as Contracaecum rudolphii, isolate a1 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence. In conclusion, molecular genotyping might be a useful technique for identifying the Contracaecum L3 larval species., life-cycle biology, transmission methods, and types of intermediate hosts.

Quantitative Evaluation of Enamel Thickness in Maxillary Central Incisors in Different Age Groups Utilizing Cone Beam Computed Tomography a Retrospective Analysis

Background/Objectives: The presence of enamel on the tooth surface is crucial for the long-term success of minimally invasive adhesive restorations such as dental veneers. Our study aims to evaluate the enamel thickness in the incisal, middle, and cervical portions of the labial surface of the upper central incisors using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). This imaging method provides detailed and accurate three-dimensional images with a low radiation dose, allowing an accurate assessment of enamel thickness. The analysis aims to identify variations in enamel thickness depending on the age and different levels of the labial tooth surface. Methods: 800 CBCT scans performed for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes on patients aged 18–60 years were analyzed. The data were gathered from the imaging archives of private practitioners from Targu Mures and the “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures. Enamel thickness measurements were conducted using the OnDemand3D Communicator CBCT evaluation program, with subsequent statistical analysis performed using GraphPad Instat Prism software. Results: Results showed significant variation in enamel thickness between the incisal, middle, and cervical segments of the labial surface of the upper central incisors. A decrease in enamel thickness with age has been observed. In patients aged 18–40, mean values of enamel thickness 1 mm and 3 mm above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) were 0.48 ± 0.092, respectively, 0.819 ± 0.158. In patients over 40, the mean values were 0.454 ± 0.116 and 0.751 ± 0.067 at 1 mm, respectively, 3 mm above the CEJ. Statistically significant differences were found between the two age groups at 1 mm and 3 mm above the CEJ, with p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0214. Conclusions: A statistically significant decrease can be observed in enamel thickness in almost the entire labial surface of the upper central incisors with aging. The varied thickness of the enamel at different tooth levels requires individualized planning for each patient to maximize the long-term aesthetic and functional results.

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of dengue fever in Fuzhou, China, in 2023.

This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of dengue fever (DF) in Fuzhou, the capital city of Fujian Province, southeast China. A retrospective analysis was performed on 251 cases of DF diagnosed at the fever clinic of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Chinese Medicine in Fuzhou City, Fujian Province. Epidemic characteristics, such as the number of cases, age distribution, sex distribution, seasonal distribution, and spatial distribution in each region, were analyzed. The patients' clinical manifestations, signs, auxiliary examinations, and prognoses were analyzed. The age distribution of DF cases was mainly concentrated in 30-39 years (20.72%) and 50-59 years (21.12%). There were no sex differences among the patients. Of these cases, 60.16% were concentrated on the lower floors, with retirees having the highest proportion. The seasonal peak of DF in Fuzhou area was from September to November. The SDE plot showed that the cases were mainly concentrated in Jin'an and Gulou districts. Etiological tests revealed serum NS1 antigen (97.61%), serum IgM antibody (15.14%), and serum IgG antibody (0.40%). There were no significant differences in clinical manifestations between the children's and non-children's groups. Laboratory tests have shown that the disease is prone to multi-system dysfunction, including the blood system, digestive system, urinary system and internal environment. ROC curve analysis showed that WBC, N, LY, PLT, and CRP levels had specific diagnostic values for DF. The epidemiological situation and clinical characteristics of DF in Fuzhou City were analyzed to guide the formulation of reasonable prevention and treatment measures.

High frequency of occult transthyretin and apolipoprotein AI–type amyloid in aortic valves removed by valve replacement for aortic stenosis

Background A high incidence of valvular involvement of amyloid in the setting of aortic stenosis (AS) has been reported. Amyloid derived from ApoAI (AApoAI) can form local amyloid deposits in the aortic valve. Although a high prevalence of concomitant severe AS and cardiac transthyretin-type amyloidosis (ATTR) has been reported, the prevalence of valvular involvement by ATTR and AApoAI is unclear. Methods Using immunostaining and mass spectrometry, we analysed amyloid proteins in 97 aortic valves removed for valve replacement due to AS at Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine between 2014 and 2021. Clinical information was also reviewed. Results Amyloid deposits were found in 44 cases (45%), of which 30 cases (68%) involved ATTR and 33 cases (75%) AApoAI. Statistical analysis showed significantly lower age and E/e′ among amyloid-positive cases compared with amyloid-negative cases and significantly lower brain natriuretic peptide, higher fractional shortening, and higher left ventricular ejection fraction among ATTR-positive cases compared with ATTR-negative cases. Seven recent patients underwent bone scintigraphy and ATTR cardiomyopathy was observed in only one case. Conclusions AS symptoms can manifest earlier in patients with amyloid or ATTR deposition in the aortic valve than in patients without such deposition, even though left ventricular function is preserved.

Size and shape of the pterygopalatine fossa of the skull of a child aged 3–5 years based on the analysis of computed tomography scans

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic microsurgical techniques are used for sparing operations to remove foreign bodies of the pterygopalatine fossa, as well as neoplasms invading into it or growing out of it. These surgeries are performed not only in adults, but also in children as young as one month. For these surgeries, understanding the detailed structure and morphometric characteristics of the pterygopalatine fossa is crucial. However, detailed descriptions specific to children are lacking in the literature. AIM: This study aimed to examine the size and shape of the pterygopalatine fossa and the relative location of nerve foramina in children aged 3 to 5 years (the period of primary dentition) using computed tomography data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To study the size and shape of pterygopalatine fossa, we analyzed anonymous archival frontal and axial computed tomograms of 12 children (24 pterygopalatine fossae) aged 3 to 5 years, obtained for examination of the underlying disease (brain pathology). All computed tomography scans were obtained using a helical computed tomograph (Somatom Sensation 64; Siemens, Germany) with an effective current of 63, 120 kV, a slice thickness of 0.5 mm, a reconstruction step of 0.7 mm, a collimation of 12×0.6 mm, Kernel U 70, a window width of 450 HU and a window center of 50 HU in University Clinic of Russian University of Medicine. The measurements were performed in the Cdviewer software after the preliminary measurements had determined sufficiently constant points on the contours of the pterygopalatine fossa of scans. On axial sections passing through the pterygoid canal, where the measurements had the greatest values, the following were studied: the largest width of the pterygoid canal (the distance between the anterior opening of the pterygoid canal and the orbital process of the palatine bone), the width of the medial wall and separately the width of the sphenopalatine foramen and the sphenoidal process of palate bone, the angle of deviation the medial wall from the sagittal plane, the width of the anterior wall (the distance between the most posteriorly protruding point of the anterior wall of the pterygopalatine fossa to the orbital process of the palatine bone), the greatest depth of the pterygopalatine fossa (posterior wall width) and the width of the pterygomaxillary fissure. The distance from the level of the orifice of the greater palatine canal to the anterior opening of the pterygoid canal and to the round foramen were measured on the frontal sections. According to axial tomograms, the spatial ratios between the orifice of the greater palatine canal and the round foramen and the anterior opening of the pterygoid canal, between these openings and the sphenopalatine foramen, between the round foramen and the anterior opening of the pterygoid canal were assessed. RESULTS: The study found that the shape of the pterygopalatine fossa differs from the pyramid-like structure, featuring four distinct parts: the main one adjacent to the sphenopalatine foramen, and funnel-shaped constrictions at the vestibule of the pterygoid canal, greater palatine canal, and pterygomaxillary fissure. The data indicated minor individual differences in the size of the pterygopalatine fossa and the uniformity of its shape in children aged 3 to 5 years. The spatial relationships of the orifice of the greater palatine canal, the anterior opening of the pterygoid canal, the round foramen, and the sphenopalatine foramen openings determining the position of the nerves in the pterygopalatine fossa were clarified. CONCLUSIONS: Pterygopalatine fossa in children aged 3 to 5 years (period of formed primary dentition) is characterized by a complex cavity structure, suggesting a different position of the pterygopalatine ganglion in it than is commonly believed. This circumstance, as well as for the first time the sizes of the pterygopalatine fossa determined by us, should be considered when developing surgical access to the pterygopalatine fossa and the pterygopalatine ganglion.

Global research hotspots and trends of Buyang huanwu decoction: A visual analysis of the literature based on CiteSpace.

Buyang huanwu decoction (BYHWD) has shown significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of several diseases, particularly stroke. However, bibliometric research has not been comprehensive. BYHWD articles were collected from literature databases published from January 1, 1915, to March 31, 2024, including the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, Wanfang, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection. Knowledge network graphs of annual publication volume, authors, institutions, countries, keywords, and references were constructed. Nine thousand two hundred thirty-eight Chinese literature and 559 English articles published between 1915 and 2024 showed an overall upward trend. The countries, institutions, journals, and authors with the highest output were China, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxian Cai, and Changqing Deng, respectively. Research teams outside China were located at Daejeon University, Gachon University, Aga Khan University, Yale University, etc. The results of keyword co-occurrence and burst analysis included clinical applications, animal experiments, action mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and safety evaluations based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Literature co-citation analysis revealed that BYHWD was highly correlated with neuroprotection and reduction of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Both Chinese and English literature have shown overall growth trend since 1984 and 1989, respectively. Clinical applications, pharmacological effects, mechanisms, active ingredients, evaluation of clinical efficacy and safety, modified BYHWD, methods, and biological techniques may be hotspots and focus of future research on BYHWD. Hotspot analytical methods and biological techniques include systematic reviews, meta-analyses, data mining, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. Future valuable research fields may include studies on neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory activity, ischemic stroke, bioactive compounds, and their underlying mechanisms.

Undergraduate health science students’ knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceived barriers towards research at Kuwait university: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Introduction Research is the most reliable strategy to advance scientific understanding and enhance multiple healthcare services1. Integrating undergraduate health science students into research at an early stage is an important step towards improving critical thinking and problem-based solving, which in return enhances patient health outcomes2. Aim The aim of this study was to assess undergraduate health science students’ knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceived barriers towards research at Kuwait University. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate health science students from the Colleges of Pharmacy, Medicine, Allied Health, Dentistry, and Public Health at Kuwait University. A self-administered online questionnaire consisting of five sections was used. The first section included questions to assess the demographic characteristics. The second section aimed to assess the knowledge of undergraduate students regarding basic research (score = low ≤3, moderate 4-5, high >5). The third section assessed attitude toward research by a five-point Likert scale (score = negative 31-75, neutral 76-110, positive 111-155). The fourth section of the questionnaire aimed to assess the perception of the barriers toward research practice (score = low 0-50, moderate 51-75, high 76-100). Finally, a section with eight questions on research practices. The questionnaire was distributed through online educational and social media platforms, such as WhatsApp and Microsoft Teams. Students from any academic year and who were enrolled as health science students at the time of the study were eligible to participate. The questionnaire was pilot tested prior to distribution. The recommended sample size was calculated using Raosoft (344 students)3. Ethical approval was received from The Health Sciences Ethical Committee, Kuwait University (reference: VDR/EC-393). Results A total of 364 undergraduate medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, allied health and public health students participated in the study. The participants were from different academic stages, ranging from first-year to seventh-year. The results showed that the students possessed moderate knowledge levels, with a median of 3 out of 8 according to the scoring system of the study. Most students had neutral attitudes (N=253; 69.5%) and moderate levels of perceived barriers (N=200; 54.9%). Medical and pharmacy students had significantly higher knowledge levels compared to the others (p<0.001; Kruskal-Wallis). The majority of students agreed that the lack of time is a barrier towards conducting research (N=237; 65.1%). Almost one half of the study participants took part in research projects (N=175; 48.1%) and a promising number of students had publications or poster presentations (N=67; 18.4%). Discussion/Conclusion The results suggest that undergraduate health science students at Kuwait University possess moderate research knowledge and have neutral attitudes towards research. Time constraints were the most frequently reported barrier to participation. While nearly half of the students participated in research projects, implementing mandatory research projects and providing research methodology workshops could significantly enhance student knowledge, attitudes, and future research engagement. A key limitation in this study is that observed relationships may not reflect long-term shifts in knowledge, attitudes, or practices. The study was also conducted in one university (Kuwait University), therefore the findings and results cannot be generalized to other undergraduate students.

Exploring the value of hybrid capture-based next-generation sequencing technology in the suspected diagnosis of bloodstream infections.

Determining the source of infection is significant for the treatment of bloodstream infections (BSI). The gold standard of blood infection detection, blood cultures, have low positive rates to meet clinical needs. In this study, we investigated the ability of hybrid capture-based next generation sequencing technology to detect pathogens in peripheral blood samples collected from patients with suspected BSI. Blood cultures and capture sequencing assays were also analyzed against the final clinical diagnoses. In this study, peripheral blood samples were collected from patients with fever, chills, and suspected BSI at Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from March 2023 to January 2024. All samples were tested by three different technologies: plasma capture sequencing technology, white blood cell capture sequencing technology, and blood culture. Relevant clinical diagnostic information was also collected. The performances of the blood cultures were then compared to those of both plasma capture sequencing technology and white blood cell capture sequencing technology. A total of 98 patients were included in this study. The positive rates of probe capture next generation sequencing (NGS technology) in plasma and white blood cells were 81.63% and 65.31%, respectively, which were both significantly higher than that of the blood culture, which was 21.43% (p <0.001). Taking blood culture as the standard control, the sensitivity and specificity of plasma capture sequencing were 85.71% and 71.43%, respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity of white blood cell sequencing were 76.19% and 81.82%, respectively. Upon final clinical diagnosis, the clinical agreement rates of the blood cultures, plasma capture sequencing, and white blood cell capture sequencing were 39.80%, 83.67%, and 73.47%, respectively. Our study demonstrates the high accuracy of probe capture sequencing technology compared to blood cultures in the identification of pathogenic microorganisms in BSI upon final clinical diagnosis. Among the different sample types, white blood cell samples had a lower clinical compliance rate compared to plasma samples, possibly due to the higher host rate in cell samples, which impairs the sensitivity of pathogen detection.

Effect of Baduanjin exercise on acute myocardial infarction in patients with anxiety and depression after percutaneous coronary intervention: A randomized controlled trial.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most severe type of coronary heart disease and patients often require percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, anxiety and depression are common complications of PCI. This study conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of Baduanjin exercise in improving cardiac function and alleviating symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients who underwent PCI for AMI. Patients with AMI (n = 120) who underwent PCI at the Cardiology Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine between September 2020 and June 2021 were included. Participants were divided into a control group (moderate intensity walking) and a Baduanjin exercise group. The treatment period was 8 weeks, with follow-ups at weeks 4 and 8. Improvement of cardiac structure and function indices was measured by echocardiography. Physical function was assessed using the 6-minute walk test. Mental state was assessed using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and Hamilton Depression Scale before and after exercise. Compared to the control group, the Baduanjin exercise group showed improvement in change in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (-1.0 ± 3.4 vs -2.3 ± 2.7 mm, respectively; P = .02), left ventricular ejection fraction (6.8 ± 4.2 vs 4.5 ± 4.3%, respectively; P = .002), angina stability (42.5 ± 31.7 vs 33.3 ± 29.7, respectively; P = .11), 6-minute walk test (118.4 ± 49.1 vs 88.3 ± 40.2 m, respectively; P < .001), and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (6.7 ± 2.6 vs 5.3 ± 2.6, respectively; P = .003), and Hamilton Depression Scale (7.6 ± 4.1 vs 4.8 ± 2.1, respectively; P < .001) scores. Baduanjin exercise for 8 weeks improved the cardiac function and mental state of patients with anxiety and depression after PCI for AMI. Through this study, we aim to provide reliable evidence in support of the beneficial effects of Baduanjin exercise on cardiac function and anxiety-depression, contributing to evidence-based medicine.

Characteristics of medical student education during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction. After the last pandemic, the university community faced a number of issues related to the management and conduct of training, so improving the quality of education and training of medical students is relevant. The transition to distance learning on various platforms with all kinds of media support, on the one hand, made it possible not to interrupt the educational process during a difficult period of social restrictions, and on the other hand, created a load and stressed both students and teachers of educational institutions. Purpose. To assess the impact of changes on the educational process of medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the implementation of distance learning technologies and the use of online platforms, and to identify the need for social support measures to reduce academic burnout and improve students’ psychological resilience. Materials and methods. A comparative observational study was conducted at the Urology Clinic of the Russian University of Medicine, which used an anonymous Internet survey. Two hundred forty eight 4th year medical students were interviewed from 2020 to 2021 and 501 respondents from 2021 to 2022. Results. Two groups of students were compared, distributed according to a time criterion. The most frequent area of application of social networks in the educational process was consultation with teachers and search for information for educational activities. In relation to distance learning, positive responses were received from 170 respondents (68.55%) in group 1 and 342 (68.26%) in group 2, and negative responses from 68 (27.42%) and 127 (25.35%) respondents, respectively. Research limitations. A narrow focus on the sample of medical students, which does not reflect the diversity of opinions and experiences in the wider population, as well as conducting research during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions. Given the changes in educational activities against the background of the coronavirus pandemic, as well as the lack of regulated norms, rules, and support for students and teachers during this period, comprehensive coverage and development of distance learning methods are necessary.

Metabolic abnormalities and reprogramming in cats with naturally occurring hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

The heart is a metabolic organ rich in mitochondria. The failing heart reprograms to utilize different energy substrates, which increase its oxygen consumption. These adaptive changes contribute to increased oxidative stress. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common heart condition, affecting approximately 15% of the general cat population. Feline HCM shares phenotypical and genotypical similarities with human HCM, but the disease mechanisms for both species are incompletely understood. Our goal was to characterize global changes in metabolome between healthy control cats and cats with different stages of HCM. Serum samples from 83 cats, the majority (70/83) of which were domestic shorthair and included 23 healthy control cats, 31 and 12 preclinical cats with American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) stages B1 and B2, respectively, and 17 cats with history of clinical heart failure or arterial thromboembolism (ACVIM stage C), were collected for untargeted metabolomic analysis. Multiple linear regression adjusted for age, sex and body weight was applied to compare between control and across HCM groups. Our study identified 1253 metabolites, of which 983 metabolites had known identities. Statistical analysis identified 167 metabolites that were significantly different among groups (adjusted P<0.1). About half of the differentially identified metabolites were lipids, including glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and cholesterol. Serum concentrations of free fatty acids, 3-hydroxy fatty acids and acylcarnitines were increased in HCM groups compared with control group. The levels of creatine phosphate and multiple Krebs cycle intermediates, including succinate, aconitate and α-ketoglutarate, also accumulated in the circulation of HCM cats. In addition, serum levels of nicotinamide and tryptophan, precursors for de novo NAD+ biosynthesis, were reduced in HCM groups versus control group. Glutathione metabolism was altered. Serum levels of cystine, the oxidized form of cysteine and cysteine-glutathione disulfide, were elevated in the HCM groups, indicative of heightened oxidative stress. Further, the level of ophthalmate, an endogenous glutathione analog and competitive inhibitor, was increased by more than twofold in HCM groups versus control group. Finally, several uremic toxins, including guanidino compounds and protein bound putrescine, accumulated in the circulation of HCM cats. Our study provided evidence of deranged energy metabolism, altered glutathione homeostasis and impaired renal uremic toxin excretion. Altered lipid metabolism suggested perturbed structure and function of cardiac sarcolemma membrane and lipid signalling.