University Of Manchester Institute Of Science And Technology Research Articles

Professor Ivo M. Raimundo Jr., a researcher concerned about the current state of science in Brazil, kindly granted BrJAC an interview

Ivo M. Raimundo Jr. holds a degree in chemistry (1983), a master’s degree in chemistry (1989), and a doctorate in analytical chemistry (1995), all from the Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (IQ-Unicamp), Brazil. He carried out postdoctoral studies at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), Manchester, England (1997/98), and the University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA (2017). He is currently Associate Professor at the Department of Analytical Chemistry at IQ - Unicamp. He was Associate Director (2006–2009) and Director (2009–2015) of the Pluridisciplinary Center for Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Research (CPQBA) at Unicamp, Secretary of the Brazilian Chemical Society, Campinas Regional (2020-2022) and is currently its treasurer. He has served as an Associate Editor of the Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society since 2019. Prof. Raimundo Jr has experience in instrumentation and automation in analytical chemistry, working mainly in the following areas: optical (nano)sensors, microfabrication of analytical systems, and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).

A Stable and High Accurate Numerical Simulator for Convection-Diffusion Equation

This study presents a simulator to obtain numerical solution of convection-diffusion equation. It includes explicit, fully implicit and semi-implicit time discretization techniques. Although the explicit method is efficient for some simple conduction problems, it needs stability criteria. Otherwise, it is unstable especially for high Courant number and large time step size. When using the explicit method, the time step size is chosen with care to get well-posed numerical solution. This requirement sets a serious constraint for the explicit method because choosing small time step size causes the simulation time to become quite long. Even though the implicit method is stable for large time step size and high Courant number, it leads to numerical dispersion like the explicit method. On the other hand, second-order accurate semi-implicit method significantly reduces numerical dispersion. In addition to time discretization techniques, this simulator contains several space discretization methods such as first-order upstream and UMIST (University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology) techniques. The proposed numerical simulator is suitable for easily using the different combinations of time and space discretization methods. Secondly, this study is to propose the use of semi-implicit time discretization technique with UMIST space discretization method to minimize numerical dispersion and suppress unphysical oscillation. In spite of the fact that the UMIST method suppresses unphysical oscillation, it causes a small and undesired oscillation at flood front for very large Courant number. Third objective of this study is to propose minor modification on the UMIST method to eliminate this unphysical oscillation.

Graham Wood. 6 February 1934—4 November 2016

Graham Wood was a world-leading corrosion scientist who bridged both the aqueous (electrochemical) corrosion and high-temperature oxidation branches of the subject. His analytical predictions of depletion and enrichment profiles in substrate and scale during preferential oxidation have long been confirmed in practice. He also demonstrated that transient oxides can be vital solid lubricants in oxidative friction and wear processes. He elucidated ionic transport in amorphous anodic films, leading to precise models of pore initiation, development and closure, thus allowing the strict design of anodic films for practical application. He set up, and headed, the Corrosion and Protection Centre at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) and was instrumental in initiating the Corrosion and Protection Centre Industrial Service, which, respectively, became the world's largest academic centre on the study of materials degradation and the world's largest corrosion consulting organization. While keeping active in research, he held increasingly senior administrative roles, where he established a specialist graduate school and helped prepare UMIST to full independence from the Victoria University of Manchester.

Cloud-based architecture for face identification with deep learning using convolutional neural network

The use of a face as a biometric to identify a person in order to keep the system safe from an unauthorized person has advantages over other biometric characteristics. The face as a biometric has more structure and a wider area than other biometrics, while can be retrieved in a non-invasive manner. We proposed a cloud-based architecture for face identification with deep learning using convolutional neural network. Face identification in this study used a cloud-based engine with four stages, namely face detection with histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), image enhancement, feature extraction using convolutional neural network, and classification using k-nearest neighbor (KNN), SVM, as well as random forest algorithm. This study conducted a classification experiment with cloud-based architecture using three different datasets, namely Faces94, Faces96 and University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) face dataset. The results from this study are with the proposed cloud-based architecture, the best accuracy is obtained by KNN algorithm with an accuracy of 99% on Faces94 dataset, 99% accuracy on Faces96 dataset, 97% on UMIST face dataset, and performance of the three algorithms decreased in UMIST face dataset with facial variations from various angles from left to right profile.

An interview with Howell Tong

Abstract Howell Tong (simplified Chinese: 汤家豪) is a pioneer in the field of nonlinear time series analysis, linking it with deterministic chaos. He is the father of the threshold time series models, which have extensive applications in ecology, economics, epidemiology and finance. Since October 1, 2009, he has been an Emeritus Professor at the London School of Economics and was twice (2009, 2010) holder of the Saw Swee Hock Professorship of Statistics at the National University of Singapore. He was a Distinguished Visiting Professor of Statistics at the University of Hong Kong from 2005 to 2013. He got a Master in Science degree in 1969 and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1972 from the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), where he studied under Maurice Priestley. From 1999 to September 2009, Tong was Chair of Statistics at LSE and founded the Centre for the Analysis of Time Series. Between 1997 and 2004, Tong was also Chair Professor of Statistics, Founding Dean of the Graduate School and later Pro-Vice Chancellor, University of Hong Kong. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics in 1993, an Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries, England in 1999, and a Foreign Member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in 2000. In 2000, he became the first statistician to win the (class II) the State Prize in Natural Sciences in China. In 2002, the University of Hong Kong gave him their then-highest award, the Distinguished Research Achievement Award, carrying with it a research grant of HK$1,000,000 per annum for three years. The Royal Statistical Society, UK, awarded him their Guy Medal in Silver in 2007 in recognition of his “…many important contributions to time series analysis over a distinguished career and in particular for his fundamental and highly influential paper ‘Threshold autoregression, limit cycles and cyclical data,’ read to the Society in 1980, which paved the way for a major body of work in non-linear time series modelling.” In 2012, the International Chinese Statistical Association awarded him the Distinguished Achievement Award. Tong is also a Distinguished Professor-at-Large at the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China in Chengdu, China, and a Distinguished Visiting Professor at Tsinghua University in Beijing, China.

Robert Neville Haszeldine. 3 May 1925—13 October 2016

Robert Neville Haszeldine was particularly associated with fluorine chemistry. He did outstanding synthetic work on inorganic and organic fluorocarbon derivatives, including fluoroalkyl Grignard and lithium reagents; fluoroalkyl derivatives of mercury, phosphorus, nitrogen and sulphur; fluoroalkyl silicones; fluoro-olefins; and hexafluorobenzene, pentafluoropyridine and their derivatives. He also made major contributions to the study of free-radical addition reactions and developed new routes to carbenes. He discovered a new class of polymers by copolymerizing a nitroso-compound with an olefin or fluoro-olefin to give the –N–O–C–C– repeating unit. His research revealed a mastery of modern ideas on the mechanism of organic and inorganic reactions coupled with outstanding experimental skill and originality. His work yielded over 500 publications, plus more than 150 patents concerning industrial applications of fluorocarbons, and he was awarded several medals. As head of chemistry at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) he developed a world-class fluorine research group and oversaw a new building for the department, which became one of the largest in the UK. Later, as principal of UMIST, he instigated academic developments just before the government severely cut university funding and imposed full-cost fees for overseas students, drastically reducing UMIST's income. His crisis plan for budget cuts proved divisive, and he took early retirement, citing intolerable financial pressures on UMIST. Initially, he continued with consultancy; later, he became deeply involved with his local community, and created a garden that received local and national recognition, including a plant variety named after him.

OBITUARY

OBITUARY

Q&A

Douglas Kell was Professor of Bioanalytical Science at the University of Manchester and Director of the BBSRC-funded Manchester Centre for Integrative Systems Biology before taking over as Chief Executive of the BBSRC in October 2008. He studied at the University of Oxford and then did research at Aberystwyth University. He joined UMIST (University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology) in 2002. (UMIST merged with the Victoria University of Manchester to form The University of Manchester in 2004.)

The Victoria University of Manchester’s contributions to the development of aeronautics

This issue of the Aeronautical Journal celebrates the 50th anniversary of the foundation of the Honours Degree Course in Aeronautical Engineering at the Victoria University of Manchester. The following article therefore describes the aeronautical research and teaching activities of that university up to its recent amalgamation with the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) to form the present-day University of Manchester. This juncture provides a further justification for recording the Victoria University’s achievements.Both the Victoria University and UMIST had their roots in the nineteenth century although, apart from the relatively brief period of the First World War, neither of them was particularly involved in aeronautics until after the Second World War. However, as Sections 6.0-10.0 seek to demonstrate, thereafter the Victoria University’s involvement became considerable. The preceding Sections describe the origins of the Victoria University and UMIST and, in the case of the former institution, the subsequent activities of its staff and graduates in engineering and mathematics which, although not always specifically aeronautical in content, nonetheless had a profound influence on the development of the aeronautical sciences.

Managers, hierarchies and perceptions: a study of UK managers

Redundancy, delayering, downsizing and various other forms of organisational change, often accompanied by the managerial fad of the moment, have become increasingly prevalent over the last ten years. This paper is based on the results of a four‐year University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST)‐Chartered Management Institute (CMI) research programme (theQuality of Working Life Project) that was designed to explore the changing nature of managerial work in the UK and also to assess the impact of different forms of organisational change on managers’ perceptions of the organisations they work within. The analysis reported here indicates clearly that some forms of change (notably redundancy and delayering) have had particularly damaging effects on managers’ experiences in the workplace and ultimately on their behaviours within and beyond their organisations. The objectives of this paper are, first, to paint a picture of recent organisational change in the UK based on the responses of members of the CMI, second, to explore how change has affected managers’ perceptions of their organisations and their working lives and, third, to explore if different forms of change (particularly redundancy and delayering) have had a differential impact on managers’ perceptions of their organisations “as a place to work”.

Ninth annual conference of the British HIV Association (BHIVA), 25‐26 April 2003, University of Manchester, Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), Manchester, UK

HIV MedicineVolume 4, Issue 3 p. 195-234 Free Access Ninth annual conference of the British HIV Association (BHIVA), 25-26 April 2003, University of Manchester, Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), Manchester, UK First published: 15 July 2003 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-1293.2003.00162.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume4, Issue3July 2003Pages 195-234 RelatedInformation

Non-reciprocal regulation of the redox state of the glutathione-glutaredoxin and thioredoxin systems.

Our studies in yeast show that there is an essential requirement for either an active thioredoxin or an active glutathione (GSH)-glutaredoxin system for cell viability. Glutathione reductase (Glr1) and thioredoxin reductase (Trr1) are key regulatory enzymes that determine the redox state of the GSH-glutaredoxin and thioredoxin systems, respectively. Here we show that Trr1 is required during normal cell growth, whereas there is no apparent requirement for Glr1. Analysis of the redox state of thioredoxins and glutaredoxins in glr1 and trr1 mutants reveals that thioredoxins are maintained independently of the glutathione system. In contrast, there is a strong correlation between the redox state of glutaredoxins and the oxidation state of the GSSG/2GSH redox couple. We suggest that independent redox regulation of thioredoxins enables cells to survive in conditions under which the GSH-glutaredoxin system is oxidized.

Benchmarking the Postgraduate Admission Process

This article reports the main findings of a benchmarking study on the postgraduate admission process of higher education institutions. The project has involved three departments at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), eight specialist master's programs within the Manchester School of Management (MSM), and five other universities in the United Kingdom, Germany, Hong Kong, and Spain. The work was undertaken as part of a European Union Leonardo da Vinci-founded project. The first four steps of the benchmarking process have been completed, namely the selection of the subject and the partners, and the collection and analysis of data. While the process is not yet complete it is felt that important lessons are worth reporting. These include the applicability and feasibility of benchmarking to higher education, and the suitability of the various types of benchmarking, in particular internal benchmarking to this environment.

Investigating Creativity in the Development of Fashion Textiles

A programme of research is under way within the Department of Textiles at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) that seeks to identify the dimensions of creative success within the domain of fashion textiles. This paper begins with a review of creativity theories and ends by describing these theories within the context of a domain in which fashion textiles are developed.

The Design Innovation Group: Origins, Development and Future

This contribution is an edited transcript of an interview between David Walker and Robin Roy that took place in January 1999 about the origins, aims, research achievements and the future development of the Design Innovation Group (DIG). Robin and David founded the DIG in 1979 at the Design Discipline (now the Department of Design and Innovation), the Open University (OU). Robin has headed the DIG since its establishment and growth into a two-centre group with branches at the OU and the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST).

Synthesis and Aqueous Solution Characterization of Catalytically Active Block Copolymers Containing Imidazole

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSynthesis and Aqueous Solution Characterization of Catalytically Active Block Copolymers Containing ImidazoleMartin R. Simmons and Costas S. PatrickiosView Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), P.O. Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD U.K. Cite this: Macromolecules 1998, 31, 25, 9075–9077Publication Date (Web):November 25, 1998Publication History Received5 March 1998Revised28 August 1998Published online25 November 1998Published inissue 1 December 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/ma980351mCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views769Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (89 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Copolymers,Homopolymers,Imidazoles,Organic compounds,Polymers Get e-Alerts

University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST)

University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST)

Modelling molecular structures

This paper gives a guided tour of the teaching programme on molecular modelling offered at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) for first and second-year students. The article describes theory (mini-lectures and self-study projects), and problems that students are expected to tackle at the computer.

The Use of the Quality Improvement Framework in Trafford Park

Describes how the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) generic improvement framework was used by a selection from the Trafford Park industrial area. Outlines the two frameworks which were developed, one catering for the needs of small companies and one for larger companies.

University Communique — The University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST)

University Communique — The University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST)