Industry-university Cooperative Research Research Articles

Exploring the relationship between team institutional composition and novelty in academic papers based on fine-grained knowledge entities

Purpose The composition of author teams is a significant factor affecting the novelty of academic papers. Existing research lacks studies focusing on institutional types and measures of novelty remained at a general level, making it difficult to analyse the types of novelty in papers and to provide a detailed explanation of novelty. This study aims to take the field of natural language processing (NLP) as an example to analyse the relationship between team institutional composition and the fine-grained novelty of academic papers. Design/methodology/approach Firstly, author teams are categorized into three types: academic institutions, industrial institutions and mixed academic and industrial institutions. Next, the authors extract four types of entities from the full paper: methods, data sets, tools and metric. The novelty of papers is evaluated using entity combination measurement methods. Additionally, pairwise combinations of different types of fine-grained entities are analysed to assess their contributions to novel papers. Findings The results of the study found that in the field of NLP, for industrial institutions, collaboration with academic institutions has a higher probability of producing novel papers. From the contribution rate of different types of fine-grained knowledge entities, the mixed academic and industrial institutions pay more attention to the novelty of the combination of method indicators, and the industrial institutions pay more attention to the novelty of the combination of method tools. Originality/value This paper explores the relationship between the team institutional composition and the novelty of academic papers and reveals the importance of cooperation between industry and academia through fine-grained novelty measurement, which provides key guidance for improving the quality of papers and promoting industry–university–research cooperation.

Effect of digital transformation on labor income share in manufacturing enterprises: insights from technological innovation and industry–university–research collaborations

PurposeThis study investigates the relationships among digital transformation, technological innovation, industry–university–research collaborations and labor income share in manufacturing firms.Design/methodology/approachThe relationships are tested using an empirical method, constructing regression models, by collecting 1,240 manufacturing firms and 9,029 items listed on the A-share market in China from 2013 to 2020.FindingsThe results indicate that digital transformation has a positive effect on manufacturing companies’ labor income share. Technological innovation can mediate the effect of digital transformation on labor income share. Industry–university–research cooperation can positively moderate the promotion effect of digital transformation on labor income share but cannot moderate the mediating effect of technological innovation. Heterogeneity analysis also found that firms without service-based transformation and nonstate-owned firms are better able to increase their labor income share through digital transformation.Originality/valueThis study provides a new path to increase the labor income share of enterprises to achieve common prosperity, which is important for manufacturing enterprises to better transform and upgrade to achieve high-quality development.

Research on Industry University Research Cooperation in Artificial Intelligence Technology

Research on Industry University Research Cooperation in Artificial Intelligence Technology

The impact of industry-university-research projects on biopharmaceutical companies' innovation performance: moderating roles of government subsidies for innovation.

Innovation holds paramount importance for both nations and businesses. This article presents a panel regression model designed to assess the fixed effects of industry-university-research (IUR) cooperation projects on innovation performance. Furthermore, it examines the moderating impact of government innovation subsidies by utilizing data spanning from 2007 to 2021, encompassing 326 listed Chinese biopharmaceutical firms. Our findings reveal that industry-university-research-cooperation projects have the potential to significantly enhance innovation performance across three key metrics: input, output, and quality for firms. The presence of government innovation subsidies as a moderator is found to have a positive influence on IUR-cooperation projects and their innovative inputs. However, it can yield adverse effects on IUR-cooperation projects with respect to innovation outputs and quality. The insights presented in this paper introduce innovative recommendations for elevating corporate innovation quality and refining the policies governing IUR cooperation.

Does industry-university-research cooperation promote the environmental efficiency of China’s high-tech manufacturing?

As one of the important strategic measures to increase the international competitiveness of high-tech manufacturing (HTM), industry-university-research cooperation (IURC) has received increasing attention in China. However, there is little literature to explore the links between IURC and the environmental efficiency (EE) of HTM. To incorporate a variety of environmental pollution indicators into the efficiency analysis framework and reduce the adverse effects of random errors on the estimation results, this article combined the projection pursuit model with the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) method and proposed a translog stochastic frontier model considering undesirable outputs to analyze the multiple impacts of IURC on the EE of HTM. The results show that IURC has both a significant negative direct effect and a significant positive indirect effect on HTM’s EE. Although IURC cannot directly promote EE, it has a positive impact on EE of HTM through its complementary effect with research and development (R&D) investment. The results also confirm that the average EE of the whole country is only 0.346, while that of the eastern area is 0.595, and that of the central and western areas are 0.199 and 0.171, respectively. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to improve the EE of China’s HTM industry through a variety of measures, such as promoting IURC and increasing R&D investment in environmental technology. This study not only provides an improved SFA method for measuring EE, but also deepens research on the mechanism of the impact of IURC on HTM’s EE.

The relationship between the interactive behavior of industry-university-research subjects and the cooperative innovation performance: The mediating role of knowledge absorptive capacity.

Industry-university-research cooperation innovation, which is often characterized by resource complementarity and the sharing technology, has become one of the most preferred innovation cooperation methods for enterprises. However, various problems still occur in the process of industry-university-research cooperations, such as poor innovation performance and difficulty in sustaining cooperation. Existing studies mostly focus on the macroscopic perspectives of geographic location, cooperation scale, concentration, and diversification of industry-university-research cooperation subjects, and fail to explore the microscopic behavioral mechanisms. Therefore, this paper establishes the interactive behavior of industry-university-research subjects and defines its concepts and dimensions in an attempt to provide a mechanism for improving the cooperative innovation performance of industry-university-research from the micro-behavioral perspective. On the basis of theoretical analysis, this paper develops a model of the relationship between cooperative trust, cooperative communication, and cooperative innovation performance for interactive behavior, while exploring the mediating role of knowledge absorptive capacity. The model was validated by stepwise regression using data from 325 questionnaires. The paper found that cooperative trust and cooperative communication in the cooperative interactive behavior of industry-university-research positively contribute to the improvement of cooperative innovation performance. Knowledge absorptive capacity plays a partially mediating role between the interactive behaviors and cooperative innovation performance. More specifically, knowledge absorptive capacity partially mediates cooperative communication in cooperative innovation performance and completely mediates cooperative trust in cooperative innovation performance. The results are largely consistent with the results of the heterogeneity analysis of the sample. This paper not only explains why the cooperative innovation performance of industry-university-research is poor from the perspective of interactive behavior, but also enriches the research perspective of industry-university-research and provides theoretical support for enterprises to optimize the relationship between industry, university, and research institutes.

Analysis of innovation chain structure of global geographic infor-mation industry

Taking the geographic information industry as the research object, using the authorized invention patent data, this paper puts forward the research method of industrial innovation chain structure based on the geographic information industry chain. Then, from the perspective of overall structure and specific regional structure, the development status of the innovation chain is quantitatively evaluated, which is helpful to all countries in the world. The structural integrity and leading links of the innovation chain especially in China, the United States and Japan are compared and analyzed. The results show that: (1) from the perspective of the overall structure, the global innovation chain presents an “inverted triangle” structure due to the weak innovation ability of downstream links. From the perspective of specific regional structure, the innovation chain of geographic information industry in most countries and regions is incomplete, and there are broken links or isolated links. The global innovation chain except China has cracks between the upstream and downstream due to the relative weakness of the midstream links, showing “hourglass-shaped” structure with a wide upper part, narrow lower part and narrow middle part. (2) Relatively speaking, China’s industrial innovation chain is relatively complete, and the midstream link has significant comparative advantages in the global market. However, the industry university research cooperation in the innovation chain is weak, the degree of marketization is low, and the technological competitiveness lags behind that of the United States.

Governance Mode and Formation Mechanism of Continuing Education in Colleges and Universities from the Perspective of Stakeholders

Governance mode and formation mechanism of continuing education in colleges and universities from the perspective of stakeholders is studied in the paper. Continuing education is a kind of post-degree education, which is the extension and development of academic education; its main body of learning is adults, and it is a lifelong learning activity for social members who have received a certain degree of education or vocational education. Strengthening the technological innovation of enterprises is an important link to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, and participating in the technological transformation of enterprises and developing new products and processes is an important content of university-industry research cooperation. Hence, this paper gives the novel ideas for improving the educational performance.

Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Development Path of Industry–University–Research Cooperation and Economic Vulnerability: Evidence from China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt

This study explores the impact of industry–university–research (IUR) cooperation on the economic system. The study constructs a vulnerability evaluation index comprising 42 indicators in five dimensions. The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) panel data from 2006–2018 are used to assess economic vulnerability in China. The research results show that, firstly, from 2006–2018, the index values indicated a good development trend, with fluctuations in the values of the sensitivity and economic vulnerability indices. The response ability index values gradually increased, especially later in this period. This showed a promising trend of low sensitivity, high response ability, and low vulnerability. Secondly, the spatial distribution pattern demonstrated certain laws and continuity, but the development process was unstable, while the eastern < the central < the western showed a “ladder” evolution pattern, “extremely poor” characteristics, and an “agglomeration” evolutionary path. Thirdly, the impact of IUR cooperation on regional economic development can be divided into three phases: knowledge interaction, creation, and application. The interaction and synergy between universities, research institutions, and enterprises play a role in regional economic development. The study recommends strengthening the coupling coordination of the production, research and development (R&D), cooperation, and innovation, with the dual functions of government guidance and market decision making.

Economic Assessment of Food Legumes Breeding in China: Evidence Using a Provincial Level Dataset

Advances in crop breeding techniques and economic evaluation are critical to ensuring and improving crop yields and sustainable development. Based on the provincial data on food legumes breeding (FLB) in China from 2001 to 2020, the research and development (R&D) expenditure distribution, FLB contribution rate, and R&D expenditure on FLB were estimated. The economic benefits of output per unit area and R&D expenses were evaluated, and relevant policy suggestions were put forward. The study found that: (i) the R&D expenditure on FLB’s showed a significant upward trend, and the development can be divided into a starting, stable, and rapid growth period. There were significant differences in R&D expenditures across eight provinces of China with relatively high R&D expenditures for FLB; (ii) the R&D expenditure on FLB had a significant lag in the improvement of per mu yield (1 mu = 0.067 hectares). For every 10,000 yuan increase in R&D funding for FLB, the yield per mu will increase by 0.145 kg/mu in the next five years, and the regional spillover effect of breeding costs is significant; and (iii) the marginal revenue of R&D expenditures FLB from 2008 to 2020 is 34.91 yuan, that is, every 1 yuan invested in breeding R&D can bring a short-term marginal revenue of 34.91 yuan and a long-term marginal revenue of 337.23 yuan. Based on the above analysis, some recommendations were proposed and discussed, including further increasing the R&D investment of FLB, strengthening industry–university–research cooperation in breeding, improving the breeding research system, and promoting the multi-dimensional development of FLB industry–university–research services.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDUSTRY UNIVERSITY RESEARCH COOPERATION MODE, KNOWLEDGE CREATION PERFORMANCE AND EMOTIONAL REGULATION AND MENTAL HEALTH OF COLLEGE TEACHERS AND STUDENTS

BackgroundIn order to solve the “two skins” of science and technology and economic development, as well as the lack of close cooperation between industry, University and research, and the low efficiency of cooperative knowledge creation. We should improve the knowledge creation performance of industry university research cooperation and select the appropriate mode of industry university research cooperation. Generally speaking, “Industry” in industry university research cooperation refers to enterprises relying on technological innovation; “Learning” means universities; “Research” mainly means scientific research institutes focusing on basic research, applied research and various technological development. But in a broad sense, industry university research cooperation usually expands the principal parts to government, intermediary institutions, financial and venture capital institutions in addition to universities, enterprises and scientific research institutes.Subjects and MethodsBased on Ebbinghaus forgetting curve and SECI knowledge creation model, this paper makes a quantitative study by analyzing the knowledge creation mechanism of industry university research cooperation and using the method of difference analysis. By designing a questionnaire, this paper investigates the sample data of three representative northeast provinces in China, and draws a scientific conclusion.ResultsThe results show that different industry university research cooperation modes have significant differences in the creation performance of explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge. This determines that different industry university research cooperation modes have significant differences in the total performance of knowledge creation. And the stronger the degree of cooperation embeddedness, the more significant the impact on knowledge creation performance.ConclusionsThis research result tell us when choosing the cooperation mode, enterprises, universities and scientific research institutes should choose the mode with as strong embeddedness as possible under their own acceptable conditions. And enterprises should send personnel to colleges and universities to learn advanced theoretical knowledge and increase the stock of tacit knowledge; Universities and scientific research institutes send personnel to enterprises to learn advanced practical experience and supplement practical knowledge. In order to avoid knowledge forgetting, try to convert tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge and record it for later use. It can also be passed on as data to later people for learning and use. This paper further consummate the relevant research on knowledge creation performance, makes up for the lack of research on the relationship between industry university research cooperation modes and knowledge creation performance, and provides a certain theoretical foundation and empirical reference for industry university research principal parts to strengthen cooperation and improve knowledge creation performance.AcknowledgementsThis research was funded by “The key project of Heilongjiang Education Science ‘13th five year plan’ in 2020”, (grant number: GJB1320109) and “Ministry of education industry university research collaborative education project”, (grant number: 201902067011).

RESEARCH ON THE TRAINING MODE OF PRODUCTION EDUCATION COMBINATION OF SPORTS APPLIED TALENTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EMOTION REGULATION

BackgroundHealth refers to one's complete physical and psychological state and social adaptability, not physical obstacles. Physical and mental health refers to having a healthy body and a happy state of mind. Relevant studies have proved that there is a very close relationship between human physiology and psychology. Some physiological changes or diseases will have a significant impact on people's psychological activities. The psychological state has an important influence on people's health. This paper establishes the “overall health view” centered on “sports to promote physical and mental health”, so as to comprehensively promote the physical health of the masses. Therefore, it is necessary to realize the combination of production and education, cultivate applied talents related to sports, promote physical and mental health, and check the impact of this training mode on emotional regulation.Subjects and MethodsFrom the perspective of sports promoting physical and mental health, starting from the cultivation of sports application-oriented talents. Under the requirements of sports service-oriented physical and mental health talents, according to the function of colleges and universities to provide services for the society, combined with the interactive mode of foreign colleges and universities and local economic development, this paper puts forward the University oriented talent training mode of industry university research cooperation, so as to solve the bottleneck problem that the supply and demand sides of sports train physical and mental health application-oriented talents in terms of structure, quality and level. Through the correlation analysis of production and education mode, the data results show that through the investigation of the impact of emotional behavior, there is a significant positive correlation between psychological expectation and emotional regulation ability (P < 0.01), and there is a significant correlation between production and education mode, emotional coping, psychological elasticity and anxiety relevant. It has a significant positive correlation with anxiety, a significant positive correlation with emotion oriented coping, and a significant negative correlation with psychological elasticity; There was a significant negative correlation between emotional coping and psychological resilience; There was a significant negative correlation between psychological elasticity and anxiety.ResultsIt is proposed that building the combination of industry and education and cultivating sports application-oriented talents can lay a solid foundation for people's physical and mental health. 1. “Wisconsin” - University oriented training path: University oriented, providing local people with intellectual and technical support for using sports to promote physical and mental health; 2. “Silicon Valley” - the cultivation path of the combination of industry, University and research: the combination of industry, University and research is formed. Universities and local economies promote each other to achieve mutual benefit and win-win results; 3. “Interactive University” - the cultivation path of symbiosis between colleges and local economy: clarify the idea of “serving local sports” in Colleges and universities. Make use of the human resources, intellectual support and scientific research achievements of sports to promote physical and mental health, so as to provide guarantee for the local realization of zero distance graduation and employment.ConclusionThe combination of production, study and research of sports applied talents can not only advocate national fitness, enhance physical and mental health in the 21st century, form a healthy and civilized lifestyle, guide human resources with scientific fitness and heart health, meet the diversified sports needs of the masses, improve the training mechanism of sports service talents in Colleges and universities, and improve the demand-oriented training mode of sports talents, Comprehensively improve the quality of human resources on how to use sports to promote physical and mental health, and better serve the society. In short, we should carry out relevant combination of industry and education according to our own advantages and characteristics. Make clear the goal of motivation by example, and regularly hold activities such as successful model sharing, experience introduction and project display, so as to set a successful example for positive emotions, clarify the specific objectives of the activities, form a strong psychological momentum, stimulate internal potential and help the realization of positive behavior. We should strengthen professional guidance, give full play to the concentration of professionals, high intelligence, professional knowledge in business fields, and give full play to the advantages of talents and intelligence. We can organize experts and scholars to establish a professional bid winning guidance team, give full play to the business projects of experts and scholars in their respective fields, and carry out scientific research on relevant projects.AcknowledgementsSupported by a project grant from department of education of Jilin province (Grant No.JJKH20190527SK).

The impact of characteristics of industry-university-research cooperation network on innovation performance: mediating role of social capital

Abstract Taking A-share listed companies in the petroleum industry as the research object, this paper empirically studies the relationship among the characteristics of industry-university-research (IUR) cooperation network, social capital, and innovation performance in the petroleum companies. The empirical research results show that the strength and centrality of the IUR cooperation network in the petroleum industry positively affect social capital and innovation performance; Network scale has no significant positive impact on social capital and innovation performance; Social capital plays a partially mediating role in the influence of characteristics of IUR cooperation network on innovation performance. According to the research findings, some strategies to improve the innovation performance of petroleum companies are proposed, which include occupying the center of the IUR cooperation network, high-frequency interaction with the objects of the IUR cooperation network, and expansion of the IUR cooperation network should match its own growth stage.

Knowledge Map Analysis of Industry–University Research Cooperation Policy Research Based on CNKI and WOS Visualization in China

The field of industry–university research cooperation policy is about to enter a new stage. It is necessary to systematically sort and summarize the literature, both at home and abroad, that has been produced in recent years. Through knowledge map analysis of the current situation regarding the development of industry–university research cooperation policy, from both domestic and foreign perspectives, taking the core documents included in the Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database as samples, and through visual research on the time context, author, organization, theme, and other key nodes of industry–university research cooperation policy research, with the help of CiteSpace and NoteExpress measurement software, we can draw the following conclusions. Domestic research is relatively focused on colleges and universities; that is, industry–university research cooperation as a mechanism to cultivate innovative talents and improve scientific research and enhance social services, while foreign countries pay more attention to the technological utilization and technological innovation of enterprises and their accompanying economic benefits. Domestic and foreign research have their own characteristics, and the research quality of the two is equal. Generally speaking, research on the policy of domestic university research cooperation should focus on the following three points in the future: It must be closely related to the functions of colleges and universities, the nature of enterprises, and social needs; we must attach great importance to empirical research; and we must pay attention to cross-organizational research.

Market-value oriented or technology-value oriented? ——Location impacts of industry-university-research (IUR) cooperation bases on innovation performance

As an effective way to deepen the dynamic docking and advantage integration between market entity and technological entity, the joint establishment of scientific research bases plays an important role in promoting the long-term and stable cooperation between industry, university and research. However, no research has explored whether the site selection of IUR cooperation bases has an impact on innovation performance. In view of this, the influence of the location of IUR bases on innovation performance is investigated in this paper through the adoption of the enterprise survey data carried out by Jiangsu Provincial Commission of Economy and Information Technology in 2013. It is indicated in the results show that (1) The joint establishment of scientific research bases is more conducive to promoting the enterprise innovation than joint research, commissioned research and technology transfer and other IUR cooperation modes; (2) Compared with the practices of establishing scientific research bases in universities, the practice of establishing scientific research bases within enterprises is more conducive to improving the innovation performance of enterprises, that is to say, the market-value oriented IUR cooperation mode is more conducive to enterprise innovation; (3) The moderating effect shows that the absorptive capacity has positively moderated the location impacts of scientific research bases on innovation performance, that is, the higher the educational level of employees is, the more significant promotion effect of establishing scientific research bases within enterprises on innovation performance may become. This study provides the advantages of joint establishment of scientific research bases compared with other IUR cooperation modes, and empirical evidence of the siting effect of IUR cooperation based on innovation performance, and provides references for the literature. The research results will be helpful for the body of IUR to understand the differential impact of different cooperative base locations on innovation performance.

Original Innovation through Inter-Organizational Collaboration: Empirical Evidence from University-Focused Alliance Portfolio in China

A university-focused alliance portfolio is a manifestation of industry–university–research cooperation and has become an important path to realize original innovation in science and technology. Unlike traditional technological innovation, original innovation particularly emphasizes new ideas and research areas never covered before. This paper integrates resource-based theory, alliance portfolio theory, and innovation theory, and aims to scientifically establish an evaluation index system of original innovation performance from the three dimensions of initiate research, technology breakthrough, and research breakthrough. The work explores how a university can select partners to realize collaborative innovation in the context of inter-organizational scientific research cooperation with multiple innovation subjects for nationwide research institutes and universities in mainland China. The empirical results show that resource complementarity has a significant positive effect on innovation performance. Three typical universities in the “2011 project” are selected as post-interview cases for enriching empirical evidence. This study contributes to original innovation literature by introducing the concept of resource complementarity in a university-focused alliance portfolio, and further provides implications for original and science-driven innovation studies and suggests directions for university and research institutes.

Relationship quality, absorptive capacity and innovation performance of industry university research cooperative enterprises

Based on the research perspective of industry university research cooperation, taking 227 industry university research cooperation enterprises as the research object, this paper studies the impact of relationship quality on absorptive capacity under the background of industry university research cooperation by using the calculation method of science and engineering SPSS. The results show that the three dimensions of relationship quality significantly improve potential absorptive capacity, potential absorptive capacity is conducive to actual absorptive capacity, the organizational learning plays a regulatory role between potential absorption capacity and actual absorptive capacity, actual absorptive capacity is conducive to the improvement of innovation performance, absorptive capacity plays a mediating role between relationship quality and innovation performance. It can be seen absorptive capacity plays a key role in industry university research cooperation, and cooperative enterprises should attach importance to the cultivation of their own absorptive capacity.

Research on Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Diffusion Mechanism of Industry University Research Cooperation Model —Take the Tobacco Industry ASAN Example

Knowledge creation is an important basis of national innovation strategy, and industry university research cooperation is an important way of knowledge creation. Exploring the knowledge diffusion mechanism of different industry university research cooperation modes is conducive to knowledge creation. A good knowledge creation mechanism can improve the level of knowledge creation. Taking the tobacco industry as an example, this paper improves the knowledge creation level of the tobacco industry by establishing the knowledge creation mechanism of the tobacco industry, so as to solve the technical bottleneck of the tobacco industry and increase the number of innovative products in the tobacco industry. Through combing the research of scholars, it is found that the research on the promotion of knowledge creation by industry university research cooperation mode is relatively rich, but the research from the perspective of the relationship between knowledge diffusion mechanism and knowledge creation mechanism is slightly insufficient. In order to improve the knowledge creation level of industry university research cooperation, this paper obtains the knowledge creation mechanism of different industry university research cooperation modes by using SECI knowledge creation model. Innovatively put forward the "double helix" relationship between knowledge creation and knowledge diffusion in industry university research cooperation, that is, the knowledge diffusion mechanism in different industry university research cooperation modes will affect the level of knowledge creation, which provides a theoretical basis for the main subject of industry university research cooperation to find a way to improve the level of industry university research cooperation.

Industry-University-Research Cooperation and the Solution to the Low-end Dilemma of GVC：From the Perspective of Export DVAR

In the 1990s, China quickly integrated into the global industrial chain and the global value chain (GVC) by virtue of its demographic dividend, and became the “workshop of the world”. In fact, due to the lack of core technologies, China is still at the low-end of GVC, with low manufacturing added value. At present, getting rid of the low-end dilemma and realizing GVC upgrading are of vital importance to the transformation and upgrading of China’s economy. As an important strategic way for enterprises to enhance their technological innovation capabilities, industry-university-research cooperation (IURC) may be an effective path for China to improve the value-added acquisition capacity of manufacturing industry.To this end, this paper analyzes the impact and mechanism of IURC on the domestic value-added ratio (DVAR) of Chinese manufacturing enterprises’ exports by using the matching data of China’s industrial enterprises, customs trade and patent application from 2000 to 2013, in which export DVAR is used to reflect the position of enterprises in GVC, and the level of IURC is measured by the joint patent applications.The research results show that IURC significantly improves export DVAR. The results of PSM analysis, instrument variable method and other robustness tests all back up the reliability of the empirical results. The mechanism analysis shows that the value-added efficiency of intermediate input and the proportion of processing trade both play an intermediary role in the process of IURC promoting export DVAR. From the perspective of regional division, IURC has a significant impact on export DVAR in eastern China. Based on different ownership, IURC can increase the DVAR of private enterprises, but its impact on the DVAR of state-owned enterprises and foreign enterprises is not obvious. From the angle of industry factor intensity, IURC has a positive impact on skill-intensive enterprises and labor-intensive enterprises. Also, the IURC of both invention patents and utility patents has a positive impact on export DVAR.The possible contribution of this paper may exist in the following aspects: Firstly, based on the analytical framework of Kee and Tang (2016), it introduces IURC into the theoretical model by constructing the incomplete substitution between intermediate inputs. Secondly, it provides new empirical evidence on the impact of IURC on enterprises’ GVC upgrading, and finds that IURC contributes to the increase of export DVAR. Thirdly, this paper suggests that attention should be paid to the impact of IURC on heterogeneous enterprises in the process of promoting the cooperation.

A policy mix experiment to promote start-up success: exploratory evaluation of the NSF Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)/Industry University Cooperative Research Center (IUCRC) membership supplement

This paper investigates the outcomes of a policy experiment, the NSF SBIR/IUCRC Membership Supplement, designed to promote the success of small high-tech entrepreneurial ventures by providing subsidized memberships in university-based cooperative research centers (IUCRCs). Data collected via semi-structured interviews with representatives of 61 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) firms indicated that SBIR firms who used the supplement to join an IUCRC reported multiple R&D benefits including research cost avoidance, research savings, and access to expensive equipment. A vast majority of SBIR firms also reported realizing or anticipated realizing commercial benefits (e.g., new investors, new products, and improvements to existing products). As suggested by social capital theory, SBIR firms reported that the policy mix experiment helped them make new connections with faculty and industry. Following our qualitative results, a structural equation model was applied to test the effect of social capital as an antecedent of SBIR firm R&D and commercialization outcomes. Results suggested that the SBIR firms who developed more social capital through interactions with faculty and industry members realized significantly more R&D and commercialization benefits. Further, commercialization benefits mediated the relationship between social capital and the SBIR firm’s perceived return on investment. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of subjecting mixed policy interventions to evaluative scrutiny and provides evidence that such instruments can have substantive and positive effects on small high-tech entrepreneurial ventures. We discuss implications for social capital theory, policy mix initiatives and entrepreneurship policy.