Universitas Andalas Research Articles

Descriptive Analysis of CT Scan Findings in Breast Cancer Patients with Bone Metastases in Universitas Andalas Hospital Radiotherapy Installation

Background: Breast cancer is experiencing the most significant increase in cases among all cancers worldwide. Approximately 65% to 75 % of advanced breast cancer patients will experience bone metastases. CT scan is the most affordable and accessible method for evaluating bone metastases. This study aims to describe the characteristics of CT scan examination of bone metastases in breast cancer patients in the radiotherapy installation at Universitas Andalas Hospital from 2019 until 2021. Methods: A total of 51 patients with breast cancer who had bone metastases were included in this quantitative descriptive study, using a total sampling approach. The clinical data was taken from the medical records at the radiotherapy installation at Andalas University Hospital. The collected data was processed and analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Results: Based on the results, the mean age of patients was 49 years. The most histopathological type was invasive carcinoma mammae of no special type (57%). The most common site for bone metastases is osteo vertebrae (35%). Mixed lesions were the most frequent bone metastatic finding (51%), with fractures occurring in 27% of cases. Conclusions: The results of this study are breast cancer with bone metastases occurring on average at the age of 49 years, histopathological type the most is invasive carcinoma mammae of no special type. Breast cancer with bone metastases is most common in Osteo Vertebrae with mixed lesions as well as pathological fracture with a low percentage.

Urologic Morbidity in Surgery of Placenta Accreta Spectrum in Universitas Andalas Hospital

Background: Hysterectomy for placenta accreta spectrum disorders is known to be associated with urologic morbidity, including intentional or unintentional cystostomy, ureteral injury, and bladder fistula. Case: A 32year old woman with urine retention post total hysterectomy on indications placenta accreta spectrum Grade 3 type 4 S2 segment- 9 days ago, referred to Universitas Andalas Hospital. The patient complained difficulty to urinate, hematuria and supra pubic pain. Physical examination sign of acute abdomen unclear. A Pelvic abdominal ultrasound was performed, the result were Acites and complex acites, left renal hydronefrosis, cystitis and sludge gallblader. From the laboratory result found anemia, leucocytosis, trombositosis, ureum, creatinine and albumin were in normal limit, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalsemia. The patient were given antibiotics, blood transfusion and natrium, kalium and calcium correction. Cystoscopy was performed to explore the bladder, the result were found adhesion and ruptured at the posterior wall of the bladder a long 3 cm then proceed with laparotomy to repair the bladder and adhesiolisis. During hospitalization, the patient’s condition was good, hemodynamics was stable with sufficient diuresis. The patient was discharged on day 4 after laparotomy of bladder repair with temporary urine catheter installed. Discussion: This patient diagnose previously is placenta accreta spectrum with percreta graded so had a high risk of urologic morbidity. The bladder ruptured occurred after 9th day of hysterectomy. This can occur because the injury during dissection of the uterine vesicular fold undergoes necrosis and then become opens on the 9th day after hysterectomy. A multidisciplinary team should be made in management of placenta accreta spectrum. A team comprising a consultant maternal fetal medicine with pelvic surgery experienced, a blood bank team, an anesthesiologist, a urologist skilled, an interventional radiologist and an experienced neonatologist is advised. Keywords: urologic complication, placenta accreta, urologic morbidity

Amlodipine-Candesartan Combination: A Cost-Effective Strategy for Successful Therapy of Hypertension

Introduction: The combination of amlodipine and candesartan can have a better effect, although the cost-effectiveness analysis was not yet determined. This research aimed to establish the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) value among outpatients with hypertension who used amlodipine-candesartan. Method: This research is a descriptive study that retrospectively gathered data from medical records. It focused on information for hypertensive patients at Universitas Andalas Hospital in 2021. This study compared the standard treatment involving amlodipine-candesartan and sole amlodipine, next to calculate the ICER using cost-effectiveness analysis. Results: Out of the total population of 284, as many as 73 patients were involved in this study. Among these, 21 patients (28.77%) were treated with amlodipine alone, while 52 (71.23%) received an amlodipine-candesartan combination. The Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) for reducing systolic blood pressure was IDR 74,738.10 per one mmHg decrease in the northeast quadrant of the cost-effectiveness chart. The ICER for lowering diastolic blood pressure was IDR 205,918.24 per one mmHg decrease in the northeast quadrant on the cost-effectiveness chart. Conclusion: The cost of the amlodipine-candesartan combination yields superior effects; however, warranting a probabilistic sensitivity analysis to determine its ICER robustness is essential for its effective implementation

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Single Anonymous • Conference submission management system: Morressier • Number of submissions received: 157 • Number of submissions sent for review: 142 • Number of submissions accepted: 136 • Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 86.6 • Average number of reviews per paper: 20 • Total number of reviewers involved: 7 • Contact person for queries: Name: Dr. Indri Juliyarsi Email: indrijuliyarsi@ansci.unand.ac.id Affiliation: Universitas Andalas, Indonesia

Application effect of rhizobacteria Bacillus strain on plant growth and pest insects in shallot plantation (Allium ascalonicum L.)

Rhizobacteria can enhance plant growth, yield, and resistance to pests. This study aimed to determine the effect of rhizobacteria Bacillus strain application on shallot plant growth and its effect on insect pests in the field. The research, conducted from September 2022 to January 2023, took place at the Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas, and on the farm in Nagari Sungai Nanam, District of Lembah Gumanti, Solok Regency, West Sumatra. The research utilized a randomized group design with 12 treatments and three replicates. The treatments comprised ten rhizobacteria Bacillus strains, insecticide treatment (Siantraniliprol 20 g/L), and control (without Bacillus spp. and insecticide treatment). The results showed that shallot treated with Bacillus strain can increase plant growth. B. subtilis strain MRPLE3.1 enhanced plant height, B. welhenstephaenensis strain MRRDE3.4 increased leaf count, and B. cereus strain MRSNE5.1 effectively suppressed pest insect populations. Moreover, B. mycoides strain MRRZLL2.2 demonstrated the highest shallot production, particularly in dry weight. Overall, this research shows the promising potential of the rhizobacteria Bacillus spp. in increasing shallot yields and pest management. This research also offers a natural and sustainable approach to improving agricultural practices, especially shallot cultivation.

Preface

The 2nd International Conference and the 11th Congress of the Entomological Society of Indonesia 2023 (ICCESI 2023) Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, 29 September – 1 October 2023 “Mitigation of Climate Change through Beneficial Insect Utilization to Support Sustainable Ecosystem and Food Security” The Indonesian Entomological Society (ESI) has successfully held the 2nd International Conference and 11th Congress of the Indonesian Entomological Society 2023 (ICCESI 2023) on 29 September - 1 October 2023, entirely offline at the Santika Premiere Hotel Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The event involved the committee from the center, all branches, and members of ESI from Universitas Andalas, who were assigned as the primary hosts. ICCESI 2023 has the theme “Mitigating climate change through the use of beneficial insects to support sustainable ecosystems and food security.” The main objective was to provide a venue for ideal platform of researchers, academics, and practitioners to gather, share information, and discuss their results and scientific experiences by making entomology a special reference to adaptation to climate change.Climate change is closely related to weather changes, including deviations in temperature patterns. The world is warmer than ever. The last two decades have seen the warmest temperatures since the 1800s and the warmest ten years ever. The dry season is getting longer, and water is getting scarcer. Lack of water and rising temperatures make growing more difficult for plants. The land gradually becomes less productive. Climate change damages environmental health, hampers production, and destroys food crops. Global food yields are expected to decline by 30% by 2050 if we cannot adapt to the impacts of climate change. The Indonesian Entomological Society (ESI) wants to be an integral part of overcoming this problem in Indonesia and the worldOverall, insects have a very important role in the continuity of human life, not only as frightening pests but also as a beneficial role for humans, including as biological pest control agents, pollinators, sources of protein, medicines, clothing materials, and decorations, and inspiration. With their specifications and adaptability, insects can provide enormous opportunities to survive in various extreme conditions, including climate change. This opportunity must be supported by comprehensive studies and research for human life and welfare while minimizing negative impacts on living creatures and the environmentList of Documentations, The Committee, Schedule, Symposium Schedule, Paralel Schedule are available in this Pdf.

Preface

It is my great pleasure to give you a warm welcome to the 3rd International Conference for Food and Animal Sustainability, conducted offline and online. Our conference focuses on “Developing Strategy for Animal Production and Green Agroindustry through the Circular Economic System.” We are proud to present that this conference is in collaboration with The Faculty of Animal Husbandry Universitas Udayana and The Faculty of Animal Sciences Universitas Andalas. We are very grateful for the partnership support of Universitas Musamus, Universitas Halu Oleo, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Universitas Mataram, Universidade National Timor Lorosae, Universiti Putra Malaysia, and AmancioNicolas AgriTourism Academy-Philippines.This conference is the third conference after the 1st International Conference on Animal Production for Food Sustainability (ICAPFS) 2018, in Padang, Indonesia (July 31st, 2018); continued the second conference, ICAPFS2021 in Universitas Andalas, West Sumatera, Indonesia, on June 16th, 2021.We have gathered here to address one of the most pressing challenges of our time: ensuring a sustainable future for animal production and food sustainability for humankind. The significance of this conference cannot be overstated. Over the past years, we have witnessed growing global awareness of the critical need to develop innovative, sustainable, and ethical practices in animal production to provide food sustainability. As we convene for the third time, we do so with a renewed sense of purpose and determination to make a meaningful impact in our respective fields. Our conference is a vital nexus for researchers, educators, policymakers, and industry leaders worldwide. Together, we represent a diverse and powerful force for positive change. Throughout the next few days, we will engage in spirited discussions, exchange cutting-edge research, and explore transformative solutions that will shape the future of animal production for food sustainability.List of Editors, Committee are available in this Pdf.

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Double Anonymous• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 38• Number of submissions sent for review: 35• Number of submissions accepted: 33• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 86.8• Average number of reviews per paper: 2.15• Total number of reviewers involved: 26• Contact person for queries: Name: My Syahrawati Email: mysyahrawati@agr.unand.ac.id Affiliation: Universitas Andalas

Investigating Radiotherapy Effects on PD-L1 Expression in Circulating Tumor Cells: An Exploratory Study.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) play pivotal roles in cancer biology and therapy response. This exploratory study aimed to elucidate the influence of neoadjuvant radiotherapy on PD-L1 expression in tumor tissues and CTCs of patients with inoperable locally advanced breast cancer. We conducted a prospective cohort study at Universitas Andalas Hospital Padang from January to December 2022 with 27 patients. Biopsies and blood draws were executed before and after the tenth fractions of neoadjuvant radiotherapy. Following radiotherapy, CTCs were isolated using magnetic beads enrichment, followed by an RT-PCR analysis for PD-L1 expression. Correlations between PD-L1 expression and tumor response, evaluated via local response and RECIST criteria before and after radiotherapy breast CT scan, were examined using Fisher's exact and chi-square tests. Our data revealed no significant alterations in PD-L1 expression in either tumor tissues or CTCs during radiotherapy (p=0.848 for tissue, p=0.548 for CTCs). Notably, PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue before treatment was significantly associated with RECIST (p=0.021), while other correlations with local response and RECIST were not statistically significant. The study implies radiotherapy may not significantly influence PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue and CTCs. However, pre-treatment PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue correlates with RECIST criteria. These findings highlight the need for additional, comprehensive studies to elucidate further the interplay between PD-L1, CTCs, and radiotherapy response.

Induction of Resistance to Larvae Crocidolomia pavonana F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) using Rhizobacteria to the Cabbage

Crocidolomia pavonana is a significant pest on cabbage that reduces the quality and quantity of cabbage. Utilizing microorganisms such as rhizobacteria is an alternative environmentally friendly control that can potentially suppress the development of this pest. The study aimed to obtain rhizobacteria isolates capable of colonizing cabbage tissue and inducing plant resistance to C. pavonana larvae. The research was conducted at the Biological Control Laboratory and Greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas, Padang. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with ten treatments and five replications. The treatment consisted of rhizobacteria isolates, including Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus subtilis, Serratia marcescens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, as well as a negative control (aquadest sterile) and a positive control (Cypermethrin insecticide). The test was carried out by soaking the seeds in a suspension containing rhizobacteria with a population density of 10⁸ cells/ml. The variables observed were larval mortality, pupa and imago formation percentage, and increased salicylic acid production. The data were analyzed using variance and continued with the LSD further test at the 5% level. The results showed that all rhizobacteria isolates colonized into cabbage plant tissue could kill C. pavonana larvae and inhibit these insects' biological development. B. thuringiensis KJKB7.3 showed better results with the highest mortality value (62.67%). Soaking cabbage seeds with rhizobacteria can increase the content of salicylic acid. Based on this research, the rhizobacteria used in the research have the potential to be developed as biological agents to control C. pavonana.

Digitalization of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Nagari Muaro Pingai, Junjung Sirih District, Solok Regency, West Sumatra

This program aims to introduce the benefits of science and technology to Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Nagari Muaro Pingai due to the limited market share and need for more awareness of products produced by these MSMEs. Through this digitalization work program, the community service team from Universitas Andalas assisted five MSME entrepreneurs by strengthening their business branding, providing financial assistance, and digital promotion. The methods employed include direct data collection, interview surveys, and providing training directly to the community. The financial assistance included mobile phones to help them digitize their businesses. The outcomes of those MSME's digitalization work programs included business logos, promotional brochures, and business location registration on the Google Maps platform. The community engagement activities further expanded market reach, increased income, and simplified transaction processes for MSME entrepreneurs in Nagari Muaro Pingai.

Preface

4th International Interdisciplinary Conference on Green Development in Tropical Regions (4th IICGDTR) “Governance Challenges of Green Development in Tropical Asia” Virtual Conference The Graduate Program – Universitas Andalas, West Sumatera, Indonesia 7 – 8 July 2021 The 4th International Interdisciplinary Conference on Green Development in Tropical Regions (4th IICGDTR) has successfully held virtually on 7 – 8 July 2021 organized by the Graduate Program, Universitas Andalas, West Sumatera, Indonesia.IICGDTR is the biannual international conference on Green Development in Tropical Region (ICGDTR). This 2021 conference is the 4th interdisciplinary ICGDTR which held virtually due to the covid-19 pandemic, with the theme “Governance Challenges of Green Development in Tropical Asia”. The main objective of this international conference is to enhance the discourse and discussion on various aspects of green development in tropical regions, especially on the issue of governance challenges of green development in tropical regions.Since the early 21st century, conventional development strategies have been questioned by various development analysts, especially those concerned with issues and conflicts surrounding its environmental, human and socio-economic impacts. The debate on issues surrounding degradation of natural resources, forest, coastal, and agricultural land, along with understanding climate change, has led to the new proposition of the green development paradigm. The conceptual understanding of the green development paradigm is concerned with the strategy and planning of all aspects including environmental planning, rural and urban planning, regional development planning, agriculture and industrial development planning.The tropical region of Asia, covering South, Southeast, and part of East Asia, is a region with a large population, rich biodiversity, and also high growth. More importantly, this is a culturally rich region. Tropical Region of Asia (TRA) is the most dynamic region and is in a constant effort to balance its development path. Much of the region’s economic growth is supported by the exploitation of common-pool natural resources, i.e., forest, land, water. Agriculture is still a dominant livelihood strategy with very slow technological adoption. But the region also utilizes its ecosystem services for the tourism sector to diversify livelihood. Rural and urban development is still not balanced but instead is urban biased. Unfortunately, housing and settlement development in urban areas sometimes threatens agricultural land.List of Committee is available in this Pdf.

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Undefined• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 93• Number of submissions sent for review: 53• Number of submissions accepted: 49• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 52.7• Average number of reviews per paper: 6.97• Total number of reviewers involved: 7• Contact person for queries: Name: Yuerlita Email: yuerlita@agr.unand.ac.id Affiliation: Universitas Andalas, West Sumatera, Indonesia

PENGARUH WARNA CAHAYA TERHADAP MORFOGENESIS EKSPLAN KALUS BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L.) SECARA IN-VITRO

The quality of the Garlic seed bulbs needs to be improved by seed propagation through tissue culture techniques to get uniform and big cloves. Utilizing the suitable color spectrum of light is one way to stimulate plant morphogenesis. This study aimed to identify the influence of light color and obtain the best color in the morphogenesis of garlic callus explants. This research was carried out from June to September 2022 at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas. This study used a completely randomized design with three treatment levels: red, blue, and white. The F test analyzed observational data at a 5% level, followed by Duncan's multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at a 5% level. The results showed light color influences embryogenic callus formation and shoot formation from garlic callus explants. Blue light is better than red and white light in inducing embryogenic callus, increasing the rate of explants forming shoots but giving no significant difference in the length of the shoot.

COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF METFORMIN-GLIMEPIRIDE COMBINATION COMPARED TO SINGLE METFORMIN USE IN DECREASING 2 H POST PRANDIAL BLOOD GLUCOSE

Objective: Complications related to diabetes could reduce the quality of life. In Indonesia, the costs incurred for diabetes mellitus annually will increase as complications of the disease increase. This study explored the cost-effectiveness therapy of metformin-glimepiride combination on post-prandial blood glucose.
 Methods: Glimepiride is added to the first category for diabetes mellitus receiving metformin to improve blood sugar levels and reduce costs. An observational study was conducted retrospectively to analyze post-prandial blood sugar levels with the total direct medical costs at Universitas Andalas Hospital. The study involved 114 medical records of patients referred during 2021. The combination of Metformin HCL and Glimepiride was compared to Metformin alone in measuring cost and effect parameters. The categorical dependent-independent groups were statistically analyzed using Chi-square, while the cost and effect parameters were calculated to get the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) value.
 Results: There were no significant differences between groups on sociodemographic characteristics (p<0.05). An incremental cost value of IDR 43,291 was obtained for reducing post-prandial blood sugar by 21.92 mg/dl.
 Conclusion: Increasing cost and effect parameters require further analysis to determine the trade-off point.

Non-Metallic and Metallic Toxicant Exposures from Personal Care Products in Indonesian Male and Female Medical Students

Students can gain various benefits from their daily personal care products. However, the chemicals contained in these products may have adverse health effects. Regardless the inspection performed by regulatory agencies on these products, the products circulating in the market may still contain toxicants thus may jeopardize their safety for use. This study evaluated toxicant ingredients contained in personal care products used by male and female college students. This study was conducted from September to December 2022 on 23 male and 46 female college students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Indonesia. Data were collected using a 69-items validated questionnaire. Results were then presented as a distribution of products used categorized by body areas and potentially toxic metallic and non-metallic ingredients identified from their labels. Female college students used at least 10 personal care products, with a median of 19 products. Male students used at least four products and a median of eight products. Investigation on the label of skin, hair, eye, dental and oral, lips, and nail personal care products demonstrated the presence of metallic and non-metallic toxicants. Five metallic toxicants (aluminum, titanium, zinc, copper, and chromium) and 15 non-metallic toxicants (triclosan, talc, fragrance, parabens, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, butylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, phthalates, benzophenone-3, acetone, and fluoride) were identified. Thus, numerous toxicants are present in marketed personal care products, and females are exposed more than males to these toxicants. Consumers need to be more critical in their choice of personal care products.

Strategy to reduce the use of private cars and motorbikes to the Universitas Andalas campus, Limau Manih Padang, to support the Green Campus Program

The United Nation states that vehicle fuel gas emissions from the transportation sector are a significant contributor to global warming. One of the preventative steps that universities can take is to limit the use of vehicles to and within the campus environment. Andalas University as one of the largest campuses in West Sumatra is very interested in taking an active role in reducing vehicle fuel gas emissions. The first aim of this research is to observe the ratio of vehicles entering campus to the campus population, and calculate the percentage reduction in private vehicle use, in order to increase the UI green metric level. Second, identifying potential private vehicle users who will switch to using Trans Padang public transportation. Traffic volume data collection is carried out using video recordings. A questionnaire interview survey was also carried out to analyze the campus population's preference for switching to public transportation. The survey results show that the volume of vehicles entering campus is more than twelve thousand vehicles. To achieve an increase in the value of one level of the UI green metric requires a reduction in private vehicles of 63.4%. The results of the chi-square test for the variables of employment, private vehicle ownership, and monthly income influence the variable frequency of private vehicle use. Users of motorbikes, private cars, online taxis and paratransit wish to shift mode using Trans Padang, and conventional motorcycle taxi users really wish to shift mode using Trans Padang.

Peningkatan Kesantunan Berbahasa Indonesia: Tulis dan Lisan dalam Literasi di SMPN 43 Padang

The activity aimed to improve the language skills of SMPN 43 Padang students, both written and verbal, in writing letters. It was considered necessary due to problems arising from the impoliteness of some students of junior high school in both oral and written communication for both formal and non-formal situations. The method used in this community service was participatory, planned by the Study Program of Indonesian Literature lecturer of Universitas Andalas. Furthermore, the team visited the service centre through observation and communication with SMPN 43 Padang teachers to look for problems and solutions related to language politeness in the school. After that, the team and teachers collaborated by compiling an agenda for implementing the engagement service. During the implementation stage, the material was presented, followed by the active participation of students through oral and written communication practices. In the final stage, an evaluation was conducted to formulate the main problems and assess subsequent developments after the community service activities. Based on the review carried out through an analysis of student work results, in the form of a comparison before and after receiving the material and engaging in writing practice, this service increased students' Indonesian politeness.

Sosialisasi Pengukuran Tingkat Kematangan (Maturitas) Science Techno Park Menuju Level Utama Nasional bagi Akademisi

Applying science and technology encourages innovation, increasing development productivity, independence and national competitiveness. Indonesia has a science and technology area named Science Techno Park (STP). Maturity measurement is an indicator of the level of an STP to apply science and technology for the welfare of society. There are three levels of maturity for STP, which are low (pratama), middle (madya), and high (utama). Before entering the best maturity level, STP must go through various kinds of preparation and fulfil the elements contained in it. The community service activity team at Universitas Andalas conducted a web seminar (webinar) to socialise the maturity assessment for STP Unand from the academic side. The webinar invited two experts on STP maturity measurement. One of the primary assessments is the number of products produced that are expected to come from the results of academic research. This activity can help STP Unand prepare to increase its maturity to a high level.

Students' Responses to Plot Device of Going/Trapped to Another World Seen in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by Frank L Baum: Reading Interest and Popular Culture Knowledge

This study discusses the plot device of ‘going/trapped to another world’ as seen in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by Frank L. Baum about reading interest and popular culture knowledge by the students’ responses from the English Department Universitas Andalas. It aims to find the correlation between their knowledge and interest in the plot device of ‘going/trapped into another world’ and the popularity of the Isekai genre among them. The result shows that the majority of the respondents were familiar with and interested in the genre, and the genre’s ability to facilitate imaginative escapism, served as coping mechanism from real life challenges, it helps their opinion that the plot device remains popular and relevant in the future with strong confidence in its enduring appeal as relatable experiences become the primary reason for its popularity to stay in the pop culture world.