Universal Orders Research Articles

Universal PCR for bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi: a 10-year retrospective review of clinical indications and patient outcomes.

Our work provides a retrospective analysis of universal PCR orders for bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi across our institution across a 10-year period. We assessed the positivity rates for this diagnostic tool by test type and specimen type and, critically, studied whether and how the results influenced the outcomes from treatment change, to readmission, to death.

What if china's path of development becomes a model for african countries

A long time ago, the theory of development was, implicitly or even explicitly, linked to Western society. However, such a vision of the world made it difficult to grasp other possible paths of organization, change or development. We summarized and brought everything back to Westphalian order. We accused others of refusing otherness when we ourselves were the first to refuse it. It was even unacceptable to talk about development without reference to the West. Could we today have the courage to admit that it is because of this refusal of otherness that the West, by its excessive esteem of superiority, has given itself the luxury of colonizing certain countries of the South. Didn't Alain Peyrefitte point out in his book entitled "The immobile Empire" that “the confrontation between the industrialized countries and the Third World _ or between North and South, was tainted at the outset by colonial conquest, which inflicted intolerable damage on the soul of the colonized peoples and often aroused a sense of guilt among the colonizers for their acts of plunder, once the intoxication of domination had passed". Also, this refusal of otherness has led the West to develop universal thoughts, universal models, universal programs, universal visions, even universal orders. And the societies that do not meet the criteria for these ready-to-wear are automatically banned from the restricted circle of great powers and qualified, as the case may be, the Rogue states, the Failed state, the States of the axis of Evil, etc. Samir AMIN remarkably clarifies this situation in these terms.

Contingent Labor — Forced Leisure. A Discussion

A sociologist and a philosopher conduct a freewheeling dialogue to try out different theoretical approaches (microsociology vs. post-Marxism) for identifying new phenomena within leisure while also seeking a language that properly describes them. What is the difference between idleness and leisure? How do they relate in terms of “permissibility” and social acceptance? What are the temporal characteristics that they have in common or that set them apart? Are temporal parameters a coercive factor, and how will they change with the “end of the factory whistle,” i.e. with a return to a type of social time characterized by thorough interpenetration of work and free time? What kind of temporal coercion will apply to forced leisure, which soon will become an acute problem? What types of individual and collective uses of free time are endorsed by society? How will the “reframing” of leisure time into new types of employment take place? It is likely that there will be further shifts in the relationship between leisure and work and in their opposition as “suppliers of meaning.” The importance of the act of choosing leisure time grows (and responsibility for it will also increase because leisure is clearly chosen more freely than a job, which is subject to a great many external factors). As a consequence, what new forms will coercion and alienation take with regard to leisure, and how will the temporality of this choice be structured (as a combination of many types or in rapid alternation)? Perhaps the logic of the habitus, which has been an integral component of industrial modernity, will be replaced by a different, more flexible and “omnivorous” logic. Many of these topics have already been raised during discussion of basic (or universal) income, but this is not the only relevant perspective. In any case, it is necessary to update the language of description and analysis. A lexicon that is neither purely Marxist nor grounded mainly in economics will be the most fruitful. Such a lexicon would take into account the diversity of temporal regulations, forced synchronizations, the institutional mechanics of temporal coercion, framing signals, and both local and universal temporal orders.

The Uniqueness of English Noun Phrase In Relation to Word Order Universals

The languages used all over the world have their own grammars consisting of certain components, like items, word order, and prosodic patterns. Based on the findings of the typological research conducted by some linguists, like Chomsky (1965), Greenberg (1966), and Hawkins (1983), it is known that the human languages have certain tendencies. After comparing a number of 30languages, Greenberg made three classifications of language in terms of universal word order, they are; (1) the languages of VSO type, (2) languages of SVO type, and (3) languages of SOV type. He found that the three types of classification correlate with the languages in other places in the grammar consistently. In addition, he also made 15 formulations of universal word orders in which three of the mare; (1) Languages with dominant SVO order always have prepositions; (2) on the contrary, the ones with SOY type usually have postpositions; and (3) in the languages with dominant SVO order, the genitive and adjectives follow the noun. This formulation is supported by Hawkins after comparing 336 languages from different families. Based on the above formulation; it is found that English has uniqueness in terms of the phrase order. In this language, the order of NP is AN and GN despite having a relatively fixed order, SVO. This study aims to discuss the forms of English NP and to find out the reason why English has uniqueness in its phrase order based on the formulation made by Greenberg and Hawkins.

Repensando la relación entre decolonialidad y hegemonía

The present study holds that in order to transform decolonization in a social practice that is historically emancipating, it should be articulated with the construction of counter-hegemony that starts from the recognition of the inextinguishable socio-cultural plurality and the ineluctable possibility of difference and political conflict, and therefore recognition of the impossibility of building full and abstract universal orders. The construction of counter-hegemony is possible through the translation operation proposed by Santos, that assumes the identification and increase of which this author denominates the contact zones. Santos’ counter-hegemony proposal may be enhanced applying Laclau’s theory in order to reflect in a more consistent way the political-epistemic articulation work, that is not just translation but the construction of a democratic and agonistic hegemony, following Chantal Mouffe that inevitably entrails the production of historical-concrete universals.

Novel legislation for pediatric advance directives: Surveys and focus groups capture parent and clinician perspectives

Background: Legislative measures increasingly require consideration of pediatric inpatients for Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment. Aim: To explore pediatric clinicians’ experiences with life-sustaining treatments prior to the Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment mandate and to describe clinician and family concerns and preferences regarding pediatric Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment. Design: Clinician surveys and clinician and parent focus groups. Setting/participants: Pediatric clinicians and parents from one of Maryland’s largest health systems. Results: Of 96 survey respondents, 72% were physicians and 28% were nurse practitioners. A total of 73% of physicians and 34% of nurse practitioners felt able to lead discussions about limiting therapies “most” or “all” of the time. A total of 75% of physicians and 37% of nurse practitioners led such a discussion in the prior year. A total of 55% of physicians and 96% of nurse practitioners had written no order to limit therapies in the past year. Only for children predicted to die within 30 days did >80% of clinicians agree that limitation discussions were warranted. A total of 100% of parent focus group participants, but 17% of physicians and 33% of nurse practitioners, thought that all pediatric inpatients warranted Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment discussions. Parents felt that universal Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment would decrease the stigma of limitation discussions. Participants believed that Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment would clarify decision making and increase utilization of palliative care. Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment communication skills training was recommended by all. Conclusion: A minority of clinicians, but all parents, support universal pediatric Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment. Immediately prior to the Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment mandate, many clinicians felt unprepared to lead limitation discussions, and few had written relevant orders in the prior year. Communication training is perceived essential to successful Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment conversations.

Asymmetric multiple-image hiding using phase retrieval technique based on amplitude- and phase-truncation in fractional Fourier domain

We propose a multiple-image hiding scheme based on the amplitude- and phase-truncation approach, and phase retrieval iterative algorithm in the fractional Fourier domain. The proposed scheme offers multiple levels of security with asymmetric keys. Multiple input images multiplied with random phase masks are independently fractional Fourier transformed with different orders. The individual keys and common keys are generated by using phase and amplitude truncation of fractional spectrum. After using two fractional Fourier transform, the resultant encrypted image is hided in a host image with phase retrieval iterative algorithm. Using the correct universal keys, individual keys, and fractional orders, one can recover the original image successfully. Computer simulation results with four gray-scale images support the proposed method. To measure the validity of the scheme, we calculated the mean square error between the original and the decrypted images. In this scheme, the encryption process and generation of decryption keys are complicated and should be realized using computer. For decryption, an optoelectronic setup has been suggested.

The Uniqueness of English Noun Phrase In Relation to Word Order Universals

The languages used all over the world have their own grammars consisting of certain components, like items, word order, and prosodic patterns. Based on the findings of the typological research conducted by some linguists, like Chomsky (1965), Greenberg (1966), and Hawkins (1983), it is known that the human languages have certain tendencies. After comparing a number of 30languages, Greenberg made three classifications of language in terms of universal word order, they are; (1) the languages of VSO type, (2) languages of SVO type, and (3) languages of SOV type. He found that the three types of classification correlate with the languages in other places in the grammar consistently. In addition, he also made 15 formulations of universal word orders in which three of the mare; (1) Languages with dominant SVO order always have prepositions; (2) on the contrary, the ones with SOY type usually have postpositions; and (3) in the languages with dominant SVO order, the genitive and adjectives follow the noun. This formulation is supported by Hawkins after comparing 336 languages from different families. Based on the above formulation; it is found that English has uniqueness in terms of the phrase order. In this language, the order of NP is AN and GN despite having a relatively fixed order, SVO. This study aims to discuss the forms of English NP and to find out the reason why English has uniqueness in its phrase order based on the formulation made by Greenberg and Hawkins.

Constraining the universal lepton asymmetry

The relic cosmic background neutrinos accompanying the cosmic microwave background(CMB) photons may hide a universal lepton asymmetry orders of magnitudelarger than the universal baryon asymmetry. At present, the only direct way toprobe such an asymmetry is through its effect on the abundances of the lightelements produced during primordial nucleosynthesis. The relic light elementabundances also depend on the baryon asymmetry, parameterized by the baryondensity parameter () and on the early-universe expansion rate, parameterized by the expansion rate factor () or, equivalently, by the effective number of neutrinos (). We use data from the CMB (and large scale structure: LSS) along withthe observationally inferred relic abundances of deuterium and helium-4to provide new bounds on the universal lepton asymmetry, finding forηL, the analogof ηB,0.072 ± 0.053 if it isassumed that Nν = 3 and, 0.115 ± 0.095 along with Nν = 3.3−0.6+0.7, if Nν is free to vary.

Universal partial order represented by means of oriented trees and other simple graphs

We present several simple representations of universal partially ordered sets and use them for the proof of universality of the class of oriented trees ordered by the graph homomorphisms. This (which we believe to be a surprising result) solves several open problems. It implies for example universality of cubic planar graphs. This is in sharp contrast with representing even groups (and monoids) by automorphisms (and endomorphisms) of a bounded degree and planar graph. Thus universal partial orders (thin categories) are representable by much simpler structures than categories in general.

Nonexistence of universal orders in many cardinals

AbstractOur theme is that not every interesting question in set theory is independent of ZFC. We give an example of a first order theory T with countable D(T) which cannot have a universal model at ℵ1; without CH; we prove in ZFC a covering theorem from the hypothesis of the existence of a universal model for some theory; and we prove—again in ZFC—that for a large class of cardinals there is no universal linear order (e.g. in every regular ). In fact, what we show is that if there is a universal linear order at a regular λ and its existence is not a result of a trivial cardinal arithmetical reason, then λ “resembles” ℵ1—a cardinal for which the consistency of having a universal order is known. As for singular cardinals, we show that for many singular cardinals, if they are not strong limits then they have no universal linear order. As a result of the nonexistence of a universal linear order, we show the nonexistence of universal models for all theories possessing the strict order property (for example, ordered fields and groups, Boolean algebras, p-adic rings and fields, partial orders, models of PA and so on).

Universal orders in collections of 16th and 17th century Italy

Anne Aurasmaa’s article will discuss beauty, harmony and order as expressions of a belief in a living universe and in the connection between the material and the spiritual. This is approached through an examination of 16th and 17th century Italian collections, with help of Marsilio Ficino’s Book of Life. According to Aurasmaa’s interpretation, the sensuous pleasure derived from the study of objects was believed to be a way to relate to, and be in contact with the surrounding world and the heavenly spheres. The symmetrical arrangements of the collections, on the other hand, were visualizations of a belief in the harmonious nature of the ideal universe. The article discusses how principles of universality were represented, how the collecting and organization of things were spiritualized, and, as a consequence, how collecting practices came to be approved by society.