Universal Filtered Multicarrier Research Articles

Computational Complexity for Simplified Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) Wireless Transmitter

Computational Complexity for Simplified Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) Wireless Transmitter

Deep Learning Models For Symbol Detection in UFMC Systems

The limited availability of the frequency band in wireless communication systems is one of the major obstacles to achieving high-speed data transmission. To overcome this obstacle, multicarrier systems, which utilize the available frequency bandwidth most efficiently to ensure spectral efficiency and consequently high data rate transmission, are used. In the Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) technique, which is one of the multi-carrier systems, in addition to high-speed data transmission, the bandwidth is divided into many sub-bands and only the lower sidebands are filtered, and as a result, the inter-channel interference problem is minimized. However, in UFMC systems, the error-free reception of symbols at the receiver is directly dependent on the performance of the symbol detection algorithm. In this study, symbol detection was performed in UFMC systems by taking advantage of the learning ability of deep learning methods, providing flexible solutions in solving nonlinear problems, reducing the hardware load by using fewer parameters and the ability to perform parallel processing, and thus the symbol detection performance of the system under bad channel conditions was increased.

Automatic classification of multi-carrier modulation signal using STFT spectrogram and deep CNN

In the realm of communication systems, categorizing Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM) signals without cooperative communication poses a significant technical challenge. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for accurately categorizing five distinct MCM signals, including Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC), Filtered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (FOFDM), Windowed Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (WOLA), and Universal Filtered Multicarrier (UFMC). Each signal is considered with two types of subcarrier waveforms, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 16 (QAM16) and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 64 (QAM64), resulting in a total of 10 unique MCM signals for classification. Our proposed methodology leverages Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) spectrograms for feature extraction at the frontend, while at the backend, we employ three variants of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models; CNN, CNN with Dropout (CNN_d), CNN with both Dropout and L1 Regularization (CNN_dL1) and one deep CNN model; Xception, individually. We aim to provide an efficient and reliable means of categorizing MCM signals, with practical applications in signal processing and communication systems. Extensive simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, achieving remarkable accuracies. Notably, the Xception model exhibits the highest accuracy among the four models considered. Specifically, we attain an accuracy of 98% at 10 dB SNR using the Xception model. These results underscore the efficacy of our proposed methodology and highlight the potential for its deployment in real-world scenarios.

Simulation and Analysis of the Code Domain NOMA with UFMC for 5G Wireless Networks

In fifth generation (5G) wireless networks, radio access techniques and multi-carrier waveforms play a vital role in meeting the diversified demands of ultra-low latency, massive connectivity, and higher throughput. Multi-access schemes used conventionally in 4G system was Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) technique. The OMA techniques suffer from inefficient spectrum utilization, high latency, and supports a limited number of users. Next-generation networks, Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), has a great potential, in which multiple users are simultaneously served using the same time, frequency, or code resource increasing the throughput. Code domain-NOMA (CD-NOMA) is the key technique implemented in the system design where multiple users are distinguished based on unique user-specific spreading codes. The NOMA system could significantly benefit from Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) modulation waveform in terms of flexibility, spectral efficiency, compatibility with Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technique, and relaxed synchronization requirements. The novel integrated system proposed in the paper is CD-NOMA-UFMC with convolutional codes. The major outcome of the paper is that the combination of UFMC air interface modulation technique with CD-NOMA access method can be the most effective way to meet the growing demands of 5G.

Novel Orthogonal Time Frequency Space Based on Universal Filter Multi Carrier for 6G Wireless Networks

Obtaining an efficient multicarrier signalling technique is an essential part in signal processing of the (6G) wireless networks. In order to achieve their intended objectives, the 6G mobile networks needs the utilization of a multicarrier scheme that possesses the ability to withstand multipath fading and inter-symbol interference (ISI), as well as exhibit resilience against inter-carrier interference (ICI) and Doppler spread. In recent research, several filter-based methods have been suggested, including Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC), as well as various Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based techniques such as Universal Filtered Multicarrier (UFMC). Orthogonal Time-Frequency Space (OTFS) technique has been identified as a promising candidate waveform for 6G, particularly in high-mobility scenarios, where it has demonstrated superior performance compared to traditional OFDM-based techniques. The OTFS method offers an advantage in that it can be considered the pre-and post-processing stages for techniques based on OFDM. This papaer presents the design (OTFS) using (UFMC) technique. Additionally, a novel structure is proposed for coded/uncoded UFMC-based OTFS technique, which combines the advantages of both strategies while mitigating their limitations. The results of our analysis demonstrate that the UFMC-based OTFS system exhibits superior performance in terms of error probability and time-spectral efficiency compared to the OFDM-based OTFS system.

Simulation and analysis of 5G waveforms to reduce BER for vehicular communications

In today's rapidly evolving world, wireless communication has become a pervasive force, profoundly impacting various facets of our daily lives. Wireless Vehicular Networks stand out as a captivating realm of research, with a key focus on fostering information exchange among autonomous vehicles. As researchers witness surging demand in this domain, there is a growing emphasis on devising advanced techniques to augment network performance, particularly within the context of Fifth-generation (5G) applications, such as vehicular communication. The concept of Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications is poised to play a pivotal role in the future, presenting formidable challenges for the air interface by accommodating asynchronous multiple access and high mobility. Within this dynamic landscape, security and privacy issues loom large for 5G-enabled vehicle networks, many of which remain largely unexplored. The conventional waveforms, including Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), may fall short of meeting these evolving standards. In this paper, authors delve into a comparative exploration of two waveform families, namely Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) and Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC), concerning their design and performance trade-offs. authors also examine their compatibility with various digital modulation schemes like 4-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), 16-QAM, Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (OQPSK), and Shaped offset OQPSK (SOQPSK). Through MATLAB simulations, our research vividly demonstrates the superior performance of UFMC when juxtaposed with OFDM and FBMC, especially concerning Bit Error Rate (BER) in both Rayleigh and Nakagami fading channels. In particular, authors consider a Nakagami shape parameter of 10, which yields a remarkable minimum BER for UFMC.

Joint Radar Jamming and Communication System Design Based on Universal Filtered Multicarrier Chirp Waveform

In this article, we propose a joint waveform based on universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC) chirp for radar jamming and communication joint systems. Modulation of radar jamming chirp signals and communication signals on different subcarrier groups in the UFMC sub-band is used to achieve the waveform design. The jamming signal in the waveform contains a frequency shift coefficient that depends on the delay time, which can effectively improve the anti-frequency hopping ability and enhance the overall jamming efficiency. Simultaneously jamming signals can provide assistance in channel estimation and equalization of communication, improving the information transmission quality of communication subsystems. We concluded through reasonable trade-off analysis that the combined weight of radar jamming and communication is closely related to the overall performance of the waveform. The simulation results show that the proposed UFMC chirp synthesized waveform has good jamming and communication performance. Software defined radio (SDR) simulation experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of this method in practical environments.

Analysis of Filtered Multicarrier Modulation Techniques Using Different Windows for 5G and Beyond Wireless Systems

In contemporary wireless communication systems, multicarrier modulation schemes have become widely adopted over single-carrier techniques due to their improved capacity to address challenges posed by multipath fading channels, leading to enhanced spectral efficiency. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), a prevalent multicarrier scheme in 4G, is favored for its ease of implementation, interference resilience, and high data rate provision. But it falls short of meeting the requirements for 5G and beyond due to limitations such as out-of-band (OOB) emissions and cyclic prefixes. This paper introduces the filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) and universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC) with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and phase shift keying (PSK) waveforms through Additive White Gaussian Noise channel (AWGN), Rayleigh fading channel and Rician channel. The objective of this paper is to enhance the performance of UFMC with reduced complexity through the new filtering approach for achieving optimal outcomes. The proposed scheme, incorporating Tukey filtering technique, demonstrates superior performance in reducing peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and improving bit error ratio (BER) compared to the original UFMC signal without necessitating additional power increments. Specifically, the UFMC system with Tukey filtering achieves a notable net gain of 5 dB. Simulation results demonstrate that utilizing various filter types in FBMC and UFMC systems, combined with QAM modulation, significantly reduces OOB emissions compared to conventional systems. In aspect to BER, Tukey window showed almost 10−6 at 15 dB SNR in UFMC which is better than FBMC.

PAPR analysis in OTFS using the centre phase sequence matrix based PTS method

Orthogonal time–frequency space (OTFS) is a multicarrier modulation technique for high-speed data transfer in wireless communications. In an OTFS system, many subcarriers are used to send the modulated symbols. This makes OTFS signals have a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). We suggest a partial transmit sequence (PTS) approach based on the Centre Phase Sequence Matrix (CPSM) to lower the high PAPR. Furthermore, the suggested method effectively searches for the best possible combination of phase rotation factors to reduce computing complexity. We examine the outcomes regarding bit error rate (BER), power spectral density (PSD), and PAPR to validate the competing transforms in the OTFS system. Along with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), universal filter multi-carrier (UFMC), and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), the PAPR, BER, and PSD performance of OTFS were also compared. According to the data, the suggested PTS + CPSM reduces PAPR more effectively than the current PTS. It is also mentioned that by increasing the number of sub-blocks (s = 2 and 4), the suggested PTS + CPSM can achieve an even better PAPR rate. According to the experimental results, the suggested approach has dramatically decreased the PAPR while maintaining the BER and PSD performance with the least amount of computational complexity.

Novel Hybrid SOR- and AOR-Based Multi-User Detection for Uplink M-MIMO B5G Systems

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most important wireless sensor network (WSN) applications in 5G systems and requires a large amount of wireless data transmission. Therefore, massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) has become a crucial type of technology and trend in the future of beyond fifth-generation (B5G) wireless network communication systems. However, as the number of antennas increases, this also causes a significant increase in complexity at the receiving end. This is a challenge that must be overcome. To reduce the BER, confine the computational complexity, and produce a form of detection suitable for 4G and B5G environments simultaneously, we propose a novel multi-user detection (MUD) scheme for the uplink of M-MIMO orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC) systems that combines the merits of successive over-relaxation (SOR) and accelerated over-relaxation (AOR) named mixed over-relaxation (MOR). Herein, we divide MOR into the initial and collaboration stages. The former will produce the appropriate initial parameters to improve feasibility and divergence risk. Then, the latter achieves rapid convergence and refinement performance through alternating iterations. The conducted simulations show that our proposed form of detection, compared with the BER performance of traditional SOR and AOR, can achieve 99.999% and 99.998% improvement, respectively, and keep the complexity at O(N2). It balances BER performance and complexity with fewer iterations.

Diffusion-assisted quantum noise stream cipher for physical layer security in UFMC

Universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC) is a promising multicarrier technologies due to its ability to suppress inter symbol interference, increase frequency band utilization and provide flexible adaptation. However, it is vulnerable to illegal eavesdropping in the point-to-multipoint access transmission. Quantum noise stream cipher (QNSC), a classical physical layer encryption scheme, is inherent matched with the UFMC system. However, its security mainly depends on the length of the basis states, which is limited by the performance of commercial high-speed digital-to-analog converters (DACs). In this work, we propose a diffusion-assisted quantum noise stream cipher (DA-QNSC) scheme to enhance the security. Here, we introduce artificial noise generated by hyperchaotic system to pseudo expand the distribution of quantum noise, which will make it more difficult for eavesdroppers to crack plaintext information violently. We experimentally demonstrate the encrypted 16/4096-QAM, 16/16384-QAM, 16/65536-QAM DA-QNSC signals over 30-km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) transmission. Compared to the conventional QNSC systems, the proposed method achieves a 3.6 times improvement in the security with the same DAC resolution and has negligible impact on bit error ratio (BER) performance. For the 16/65536-QAM signal, the number of masked symbols (NMS) are increased from 910 to 3270.

Filter design and power allocation in multi-user universal filtered multi-carrier (MU-UFMC) systems

Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) system has been introduced as a candidate for the new generation. UFMC is a multi-carrier system, which can overcome challenges in wireless communications. In fact, the advantages of multi-carrier systems over single-carrier systems include higher bandwidth gain and higher robustness against frequency-selective fading. Generally, most multi-carrier systems suffer from notoriously sensitive to symbol-time offset (STO) and carrier-frequency offset (CFO). However, since UFMC systems utilize subband filters, sensitivity to CFO and STO can be reduced by designing efficient subband filters. In this paper, filter design problem is addressed in order to mitigate interference caused by effect of CFO in a multi-user UFMC (MU-UFMC) system under fair optimization framework. Since filter design problem is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem, we present two different approach in order to solve it. In the first approach, the formulated problem is relaxed so that one is converted to a standard second-order-cone programming (SOCP). In the second approach, we present a proposed algorithm with low complexity based on some lemma and relaxation. Then power allocation problem is solved to maximize the minimum achievable rate among all the users in a MU-UFMC system. The simulation results show the proposed schemes for filter design and power allocation outperform the benchmark schemes.

Multi-windowing Technique for 5G and Beyond

Recently, the development of mobile technology has reached a point that requires a high data rate with high waveform aspects. So, traditional ways are no further tolerable. With the dawn of the fifth generation (5G), researchers have been investigating its waveforms and experimenting the methods to improve it. This research examines universal filter multi-carrier (UFMC) for a novel strategy by employing multi-windowing UFMC-based (MW-UFMC) to boost the power spectral density (PSD). This was accomplished by lowering out-of-band emission (OOBE), bit error rate (BER), and adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR). The 256quadrature amplitude modulation (256QAM) mapping modulation method was employed in this work. 256QAM is the maximum modulation level that is standard for the third-generation partnership project (3GPP). The proposed MW-UFMC is compared with the conventional UFMC and cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM). The proposed multi-windowing technique presents a multistage service that offer a diversity of options to the network operator, which exhibits several advantages over existing methods. These include a lower BER, improved PSD, enhanced spectral efficiency (SE), reduced OOBE that increases capacity for accommodating more bits, decreased ACLR, and lower latency.

Peak to Average Power Ratio Reduction in UFMC System Using Pre -Coding and Nonlinear Companding Techniques

Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) is a versatile fifth-generation communication technology that can be utilized in Internet of Things and Machine-to- Machine (M2M) communication to enhance connectivity and efficiency because of its spectral efficiency, low power consumption, reliability, and flexibility. The Internet of Things and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication enable devices to talk to each other, gather data, and make the world smarter and more efficient. However, the drawback of UFMC systems is they exhibit a very high peak -to-average-power-ratio which causes system Lower and latency on communication. Therefore, to lower the high peak -to-average-power-ratio of the UFMC system, this project proposes an efficient hybrid PAPR reduction approach that combines both non-linear companding techniques and precoding techniques. Key Words: Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), Hybrid PAPR reduction Techniques, Precoding Techniques, Non- Linear Companding Techniques (NCLTs), Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC).

SIMULASI SKEMA UNIVERSAL FILTERED MULTI-CARRIER (UFMC) PADA SISTEM KOMUNIKASI DIGITAL

Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) is a multi-carrier modulation scheme that is an alternative to the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) scheme currently used in 4G communication systems and wireless local area networks (WLAN). The weakness of OFDM lies in the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) value and out-of-band (OOB) emission which can cause interference between carriers. UFMC is one of the schemes used to overcome the weaknesses of OFDM. This research aims to study the performance of UFMC for data transmission on AWGN channel with 256-QAM, 1024-QAM, and 4096-QAM modulation. In addition, 256-point, 512-point, and 1024-point FFTs were also used to see the effect on the achievable bit error rate (BER) and PAPR value. The simulation results show that for all simulated FFT sizes and QAM values, 256-QAM produces the lowest BER value. Using a 1024-point FFT, a BER of 10-3 can be achieved with an SNR of 20 dB. The lowest PAPR value obtained in the simulation is 7.1891 dB.

Analysis of Optimum Technique for PAPR Reduction in UFMC System

Abstract: The fifth Generation of communication has to support many applications like the Internet of Everything (IoE) and Machine Type Communication (MTC). The proposed universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC) technique is one of the best techniques for fifth-generation (5G) communication. UFMC is expected to achieve low latency, robustness against synchronization errors and frequency offset, short-packet burst support, and reduce out-of-band (OoB) radiation that leads to higher spectral efficiency. Although the UFMC system offers many advantages as mentioned before, being a multicarrier transmission technology, it suffers from a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which degrades the efficiency of the HighPower Amplifier (HPA) and makes the UFMC transmitter inefficient. Therefore, an optimum PAPR reduction technique to reduce the high PAPR of the UFMC system has to be proposed. The proposed technique is a hybrid technique that consists of a combination of Generalized Chirp-Like (GCL) precoding and Selective-Mapping techniques (SLM). A comparative analysis of the performance of Generalized Chirp-Like precoding methods, SLM, and hybrid methods are by CCDF of the PAPR and the bit error rate (BER) and simulation results show that proposed SLM based GCL UFMC outperform the conventional techniques

An Efficient Multiplexing Technique For 5G Wireless Network: Analysis and Selection

The 5G cellular communication technology is intended to base on the present Long-TermEvolution (LTE) 4G networks with adopted features. Features of low power consumption and theconstant power level should be the major requirement for an efficient channel allocation method. In thisresearch work, an analysis was performed on multiplexing techniques: Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexing (OFDM), Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM), Universal FilteredMulticarrier (UFMC) and Filter-Bank Multicarrier (FBMC). Smooth power level had been analyzedaccording to Power Spectral Density (PSD) function vs normalized frequency using AWGN channelmodel. The simulation was done by MATLAB 2019 Simulink software for OFDM and GFDM that werefurther compared to existing results of UFMC and FBMC multiplexing techniques. Calculated power forOFDM and GFDM were 32.1mW and 40.23 µW respectively. Comparative results showed the bettersmooth power spectrum, micro-watt power consumption and better hardware configuration for GFDM.That’s why GFDM channel allocation method selection is one step ahead for the next generationmultiplexing technique

A Comprehensive Analysis of PAPR Reduction in Scrambled UFMC and OFDM Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for 5G Communications

ABSTRACT With the advent of 5G communications, the demand for high data rates and improved spectral efficiency has necessitated the exploration of advanced modulation techniques. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) are two prominent modulation schemes for 5G systems. However, both OFDM and UFMC suffer from a high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), leading to signal distortion and inefficient power amplification. The Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) approach is a promising strategy to minimize PAPR in OFDM and is applied to UFMC to minimize PAPR in UFMC and is known as scrambled UFMC (S-UFMC). PTS, however, involves an extensive search to identify the best phase factors that increase computational complexity. The artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed to reduce the computational complexity S-UFMC and OFDM. A novel modulation scheme, amplitude phase shift keying (APSK), is used instead of quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) in S-UFMC and OFDM, which has better performance than conventional modulation schemes. In this research, OFDM, PTS OFDM, UFMC and S-UFMC are compared and it is found that the proposed scrambled UFMC with APSK modulation using ABC algorithm performs better than OFDM and UFMC in terms of PAPR, spectral efficiency and computational complexity.

A powerful PTS strategy boosted by a novel discrete crow search algorithm for reducing the PAPR of UFMC signals

Abstract As being one of the main waveform candidates developed for meeting the demands of fifth generation (5G) and beyond telecommunication technologies, universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC) has various appealing features contributing to overcome many obstacles in wireless communication. However, due to the usage of multiple subcarriers, UFMC signals suffer from having high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which has to be kept at low level to prevent the communication quality from being deteriorated. To overcome the problem of high PAPR in the UFMC signals, an advanced version of partial transmit sequence (PTS) was created for PAPR alleviation by integrating an intelligent optimization algorithm in place of its random phase generator. To this end, crow search algorithm (CSA) was utilized. Initially, its novel discrete version called DCSA was developed to make it suitable to be employed in phase sequence optimization, which is a type of combinatorial optimization problem to be solved in discrete space. After the integration of DCSA into the conventional PTS, an advanced PTS variant named DCSA-PTS was created for the UFMC. Optimizing the phase sequences via the DCSA instead of generating them in a random way enhances the performance of PTS scheme. Thanks to the DCSA-based phase optimization, it becomes possible to attain better phase combinations in smaller number of searches. The advantage of using DCSA as a phase optimizer is supported by the simulation results. Due to the superior phase optimization performance of our novel DCSA, the proposed DCSA-PTS strategy clearly outperforms the other schemes considered in this paper.

Comparison of different New Radio (NR) waveforms for wireless communications.

New Radio (NR) waveforms of existing wireless communication systems need further improvement in order to support future wireless communications. NR is the radio interface technology proposed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for 5G. Prototype Filter (PF) of NR plays a vital role in performance improvement of wireless systems. NR waveforms can adapt in a better way to different channel conditions. Some of the NR filtering techniques are Filtered-OFDM (F-OFDM), Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC), and Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC). NR waveforms require performance improvement when high reliability, massive connectivity, lower power consumption, and time-critical applications are required. Areas of improvement are Power Spectral Density (PSD), Bit Error Rate (BER), Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR), Doppler Diversity, and Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). This paper compares different performance parameters of Filtered-OFDM, FBMC, and UFMC using existing proto-type filters and novel proto-type filters. The novel and better PFs, described in the paper, were proposed first time by the authors and his research group. Proposed novel prototype filters for FBMC, Filtered-OFDM, and UFMC are respectively Binomial filter and Fractional Powered Binomial Filter (FPBF). With FPBF based OFDM, PSD improvement was 97.5 dB, and BER improvement was 0.07 at 0 dB SNR. With Binomial filter based FBMC, OOBE improvement was 19.7 dB and BER improvement was 0.03 at 0 dB SNR. PAPR improvement with Binomial filter based FBMC was 1.16 dB at 64-QAM and 1.1 dB at 256-QAM. With FPBF based UFMC, improvement of interference level was 122 dB within 3rd~52th sub-bands due to 1st sub-band. BER improvement was 0.09 at 0 dB SNR. SIR improvement was 5. 27 dB with 15 KHz sub-carrier spacing and 16.55 dB with 30 KHz sub-carrier spacing of UFMC. Novel NR filters, discussed in the paper, are good candidates for future 6G wireless systems.