Integration Of Principles Research Articles

Integration as innovation in healthcare systems.

Healthcare systems in Canada are under pressure and require change-the status quo is no longer fit for purpose, if it ever was. Innovation is often held up as a cure for what ails us, but shiny new things or novel technologies alone have not been enough. This article will explore the concepts of differentiation and integration as being important drivers in the evolution of living organisms, ecosystems, and complex human organizations. The implications of this deep pattern of systems change are essential to understanding the roles of specialization in medicine, and optionality in primary care. Specifically, overspecialization without attention to the principles of healthcare integration can lead to fragmentation of care and worse patient outcomes. Finally, this article will describe some practical examples of system integration as innovation in the form of better public health and care delivery connections, health homes, and community care coordination centres.

The integrated Mexican nation-state building in the 20th century

Since gaining independence in the early 19th century, Mexico embarked on a path toward building a nation-state. In criticizing the evolutionism that promotes white supremacy, Mexican society has embarked on a journey of introspection, delving into the essence of its indigenous national character. Following the Mexican Revolution at the turn of the 20th century, a nationalism advocating for integration was firmly established. The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) government incorporated the principles of national integration into the broader building of the nation-state. On the one hand, it affirmed the crucial role of indigenous peoples and their cultures, tracing the origins of the Mexican nation-state back to these roots. On the other hand, the promotion of unified education, coupled with the implementation of a land-centered state corporatist system, aimed to achieve the integration and governance of Indigenous peoples, thereby incorporating them into the nation-building process and ultimately facilitating the integration of the nation-state. While the PRI government’s integration efforts led to tendencies towards marginalization and assimilation of indigenous peoples, alongside insufficient attention to their rights and political participation, it fundamentally changed the historically unrecognized status of indigenous communities since the colonial era. These efforts primarily addressed the issues that had challenged Mexican social development concerning indigenous peoples since the colonial era, contributing to maintaining national stability over an extended period.

The principle of the budgetary system unity amid implementation of regional budget independence: A case study of the Chechen Republic

Aim. To identify the ways to improve the observance of the principle of unity in the process of formation of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation (RF) on the basis of the analysis of the revenue part of the regional budget of the Chechen Republic.Objectives. To identify problems related to the observance of the principle of unity in the process of forming the budget system of the Russian Federation; to reveal the problem of the socalled chronic income insufficiency in regional and local budgets; to provide evidence of the effectiveness or inefficiency of the current mechanism of inter-institutional financial relations in Russia on the example of the Chechen Republic.Methodology. In the course of the research, the authors used general scientific methods and a number of special ones, including statistical and economic analysis, economic-mathematical and abstract-logical methods, as well as the method of graphical representation of information.Results. The idea is substantiated that the principle of independence of regional budgets should not contradict the principle of unity of the country’s budget system. It is proposed to develop a budget financing mechanism that takes into account not only the difference in providing the region with financial resources for independent development, but also the opportunity to give the funds allocated from the state budget an investment character.Conclusions. The article defines the directions for improving the mechanism while respecting the principle of unity in the process of forming the budget system of the Russian Federation. The country’s budget system should become one of the main sources of investment in the economy of the country and regions.

Catholicism, Gender-Affirming Care, and the Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Community

Analysis of the relationship between Catholicism, gender-affirming care, and transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) communities is critical given the extensive influence of Catholic thought within healthcare systems. Limited research on this subject and the politicization of gender-affirming care makes this analysis especially valuable at this time. Examination of literature reveals that Catholics often condemn gender-affirming practices and advise professionals against offering such care. Justification for this perspective is rooted in the Catholic understanding of human dignity, which includes respect for life beginning at conception and adherence to the principles of totality and integrity. Data on TGNC health outcomes shows that gender-affirming care is beneficial for TGNC individuals. Catholic hospitals retain the right to refuse provision gender-affirming care under U.S. law; however, this refusal is a significant barrier to care for TGNC individuals, who already face disproportionate burdens when accessing care. This research reveals the connection between healthcare barriers created and/or upheld by Catholic principles and lower overall health outcomes for TGNC people.

China’s marine eco-environment law enforcement from the perspective of the responsibility system: Dilemmas and solutions

As the final link in promoting the construction of marine ecological civilization, the marine eco-environment law enforcement is crucial to realize the Chinese-style modernization which concerns the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature. This study examined the current state of the responsibility system of China’s marine eco-environment law enforcement through legal doctrinal analysis. Three deficiencies that are hindering the improvement of the effectiveness and efficiency of China’s marine eco-environment law enforcement were identified. Firstly, at central level, the allocation of law enforcement powers fails to reflect the principle of integrated land-sea management. There is also insufficient coordination between marine environmental law enforcement and marine resources law enforcement. Secondly, at local level, there is a lack of cross-departmental and cross-regional law enforcement collaboration mechanisms. Thirdly, regarding central-local relations, the allocation of law enforcement powers and resources is unreasonable, and there are conflicts in the management modes of law enforcement agencies. To enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of China’s marine eco-environment law enforcement, it is necessary to: (i) coordinate central law enforcement powers among different maritime-related administrations based on the principle of integrated land-sea management, and the principle of environment-resources integration; (ii) establish cross-departmental and cross-regional law enforcement collaboration mechanisms; (iii) and appropriately allocate marine eco-environment law enforcement powers between the central and local maritime-related administrations.

ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF ISLAMIC BUSINESS ETHICS (CASE STUDY OF LOPO MANDHELING COFFEE PANYABUNGAN MANDAILING NATAL)

Purpose: This research aims to examine how the Islamic business ethics present at Lopo Mandheling Coffee align with Islamic business ethics, in which the author conducts a study titled “Analysis of the Implementation of Islamic Business Ethics at Lopo Mandheling Coffee Panyabungan Mandailing Natal.” Methodology: The method used is a qualitative approach. At Lopo Mandheling Coffee, good Islamic business ethics have been implemented in accordance with the principles of unity, balance, free will, and responsibility. Results: It can be concluded that Lopo Mandheling Coffee has implemented Islamic business ethics as a competitive advantage. It is as if we have implemented the obligation of performing the five daily prayers, providing assistance and support to orphans as a form of social and environmental concern, as well as responsibility. Limitations : The author's suggestion is that Lopo Mandheling Coffee Panyabungan is expected to remain steadfast in applying the principles of Islamic business ethics, improve the quantity and quality of Human Resource management, and enhance the company's capital by seeking investors. Contribution : Islamic-based business ethics must be applied in today's highly competitive business environment. Keywords: Islamic Business Ethics; Application; Lopo Mandheling Coffee Panyabungan.

Responsibility and Solidarity Principles in Sharing the Costs of Cleaning a Polluted River

To clean a polluted river, some agents must undertake operations that incur costs. The problem is to determine a fair method to share these expenses among agents. We consider the established methods of Local Responsibility Sharing and Upstream Equal Sharing, based on the responsibility principles of Absolute Territorial Sovereignty and Unlimited Territorial Integrity, respectively. We combine these with Total Solidarity, a method based on a solidarity principle. This yields new cost-sharing methods, which we characterize axiomatically.

INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGULATION OF THE TERRITORY OF STATES AND TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY

This article analyzes the actions of international documents establishing the principles of territorial integrity and inviolability of states in modern conditions. Despite the fact that relations between the countries have international legal regulation, military conflicts in the world do not cease due to territorial claims. Most conflicts originate in the depths of centuries, in which it is difficult to recreate the true historical circumstances and assess the validity of the claim of one or another disputing party. The article analyzes conflicts arising from territorial disputes from the perspective of international law. Based on international legal norms, there are legitimate ways to change state borders. For example, the most common of them, in order to achieve a peace agreement that satisfies the disputing parties on the establishment of state borders, is a treaty. In addition, through purchase, lease, artificial increment, by secession from the country, or on the contrary, reunification, states can increase or decrease the borders of their territories. In the 90s, in connection with the collapse of the USSR, the so-called "parade of independent countries" began, which led to the formation of new states and related procedures for the delimitation and demarcation of borders. The establishment of borders took place in various conditions. If in some cases an agreement was reached without difficulty, in others, the arrival of a general consensus was delayed for decades, as in the example of the division of the Caspian Sea between five states. This procedure lasted 22 years and ended in 2018 with the adoption of the Convention on the Status of the Caspian Sea.

Политический процесс и формирование государственности в Донецкой Народной Республике

The article analyzes the political process and formation of statehood in the DPR in the context of international law and historical background. It examines the issues of balancing the principle of territorial integrity and the right to self-determination, the evolution of representative bodies in the DPR, and the institutionalization process of the results of the independence referendum. Special attention is paid to historical, cultural, and political factors that have contributed to the region's desire for autonomy. The reasons for the escalation of ethno-political conflict and the role of state-building in protecting the rights of the population of Donbass are explored. The article emphasizes the complexity of assessing the legality of self-proclaimed states and the need to develop a balanced approach in international law to such situations.

Methodological approaches to risk management in maritime education based on the integration of areas of responsibility

The article discusses the issues of risk management in maritime education. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that currently the risk is mainly assessed only empirically, which is not a reliable tool for assessing pedagogical risks. In this regard, methodological approaches to risk assessment based on the principles of separation and integration of areas of responsibility have been developed.

Правовой инфантилизм как явление современной правовой реальности

Introduction. Legal infantilism being one of the varieties of legal conscience deformation is characterised by insufficient legal knowledge and the lack of well-defined legal attitudes. It has been widely spread throughout the world in the XXI century and can be defined as a social pandemic. Despite the fact that legal infantilism, along with legal nihilism and legal idealism is more frequently described in Russian scientific and educational publications and has become a matter of concern in court proceedings, so far this socio-legal phenomenon has not received proper attention in legal science. Methods. The methodology of the research of legal infantilism as a phenomenon of modern legal reality is based on dialectics. The main methods of the research were the principle of comprehensive study of legal processes and phenomena, the principles of unity of theory and practice, consciousness and activity, the principle of determinism. The research was carried out on the basis of system and value approaches. Methods of integrity and retrospective analysis made it possible to determine the development of the research topic, to identify the ideas of various scientific areas concerning the determinants of the formation of legal infantilism, its characteristics and manifestations in modern Russia during the historiographical analysis. The sociological method was an important one, it enabled to characterise the subjects - bearers of legal infantilism. General scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalisation, abstraction, historical) and special (historical-legal, interpretation of normative legal acts) methods were used. Results. Legal infantilism is examined as the manifestation of legal conscience deformation being a type of social infantilism. The paper defines the prerequisites for the development of legal infantilism, its distinctive features. It gives examples of manifestation in everyday, professional and scientific activities; and reveals the peculiarities of legal infantilism of the youth as a special social group. The study reveals the need for a comprehensive scientific analysis of legal infantilism as a phenomenon of modern legal reality, as the result of a gap or insufficient systematic assimilation of legal norms and legal values by an individual and a social group. It is proved that legal infantilism is a threat to the progressive development of the state and society, in this regard, in the context of determining the ways to improve the state-legal system of modern Russia, legal infantilism should be considered as a public danger.

Формирование полицейско-правовой теории: анализ и оценка полицеиста В. В. Ивановского

Introduction. The article is devoted to the work of Viktor Viktorovich Ivanovsky (1854-1926), a prominent jurisprudent of the Russian Empire, specialist in police law, sociologist, whose scientific activity was closely connected with the Kazan Imperial University. The contribution of V. V. Ivanovsky to the development of police and administrative law, political sociology, the theory of local self-government, and the methodology of legal research significantly influenced the development of police law theory in Russia. However, his ideological heritage has not yet received a comprehensive analysis. Methods. Methodological principles of research – the principles of unity of theory and practice, objectivity, complexity, comprehensiveness of the study of social processes and phenomena, the unity of historical and logical – are based on dialectics, acting as a general methodology of scientific cognition. The main methodological approaches of the study were systemic and value approaches. General scientific (historical, functional) and special (formal-legal, historical-legal, comparative-legal) methods of legal research were used. The method of problem-theoretical reconstruction and interpretation of legal ideas was very important. Results. V. V. Ivanovsky has showed himself as a jurist, scientist and historiographer. He characterised the formation of police-legal theory and identified the features of ideas about the means of public administration, models of relations between state bodies and the population of Western European and domestic thinkers.He revealed the interdependence of the sciences of police and administrative law; identified the features of the origin of the dogmatics of administrative law; substantiated the need to change the principle of regulation of public relations and the transition from the rule of law to the principle of administrative law.

Stakeholders’ Opinion on Geotourism Characteristics of Hummanaya Destination, Sri Lanka

Geotourism is a niche market that contributes to sustaining and even enhancing the geographical characteristics of a territory, including the abiotic, biotic, and cultural (ABC) attributes of destinations. It uplifts the living standards of local communities and provides opportunities for visitors to understand and appreciate the natural environment and the existing culture of the geosites. The aim of this research was to evaluate the geotourism characteristics of the Hummanaya tourism destination based on stakeholders’ opinions and to investigate the extent to which stakeholders are committed to adhering to geotourism principles. Primary and secondary data sources were utilized to collect the necessary data for this study. For gathering primary data, key informant interviews and participatory observations were conducted in the field using a semi-structured questionnaire, with purposive sampling employed. Unpublished documents served as secondary data. Descriptive statistical analysis and narrative interpretation methods were used to analyze the collected data. The study was able to identify the extent to which geotourism stakeholders adhere to geotourism principles. Specifically, regarding the principles of integrity, community involvement, community benefits, and tourist satisfaction, the informants provided positive responses. The findings reveal that the destination is perceived by tourists as a fascinating and unique tourist attraction in Sri Lanka. Most tourists reported being very satisfied or satisfied with the tourist attractions, facilities, and services provided by local facilitators, indicating that the destination meets tourists’ expectations. However, a significant issue is whether other stakeholders are satisfied with geotourism's contributions to protecting the destination's ABC attributes and improving the socio-economic status of local communities. Negative responses were noted concerning principles such as evolution, market selectivity, interactive interpretation, and market diversity. Therefore, necessary measures must be taken to conserve and develop the destination as a geosite and geotourism site.

Integrated Intelligent Control of Redundant Degrees-of-Freedom Manipulators via the Fusion of Deep Reinforcement Learning and Forward Kinematics Models

Redundant degree-of-freedom (DOF) manipulators offer increased flexibility and are better suited for obstacle avoidance, yet precise control of these systems remains a significant challenge. This paper addresses the issues of slow training convergence and suboptimal stability that plague current deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based control strategies for redundant DOF manipulators. We propose a novel DRL-based intelligent control strategy, FK-DRL, which integrates the manipulator’s forward kinematics (FK) model into the control framework. Initially, we conceptualize the control task as a Markov decision process (MDP) and construct the FK model for the manipulator. Subsequently, we expound on the integration principles and training procedures for amalgamating the FK model with existing DRL algorithms. Our experimental analysis, applied to 7-DOF and 4-DOF manipulators in simulated and real-world environments, evaluates the FK-DRL strategy’s performance. The results indicate that compared to classical DRL algorithms, the FK-DDPG, FK-TD3, and FK-SAC algorithms improved the success rates of intelligent control tasks for the 7-DOF manipulator by 21%, 87%, and 64%, respectively, and the training convergence speeds increased by 21%, 18%, and 68%, respectively. These outcomes validate the proposed algorithm’s effectiveness and advantages in redundant manipulator control using DRL and FK models.

Impunity for International Law Violations in the Russia-Ukraine Conflict: Implications for Global Stability

The protracted conflict between Russia and Ukraine, initiated in 2014 and intensified by Russia's comprehensive military incursion in 2022, has elicited profound apprehensions regarding breaches of international legal standards. This article analyzes the ramifications of the conflict on global legal structures, with particular emphasis on violations of the United Nations Charter, the Rome Statute, and International Humanitarian Law (IHL). The examination underscores that the actions undertaken by Russia in Ukraine contravene essential tenets of international law, notably the ban on the use of force against the sovereignty of states and the imperative to safeguard civilians amidst armed conflict. The article contends that the military actions undertaken by Russia in its invasion constitute violations of the principles of state sovereignty and territorial integrity as outlined in the UN Charter, contravene the definitions of war crimes and aggression established by the Rome Statute, and fail to adhere to the mandates for civilian protection set forth by International Humanitarian Law. This article examines the complexities associated with prosecuting these violations, highlighting the constraints faced by international institutions such as the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the UN Security Council. The analysis highlights the necessity of accountability in maintaining the integrity of international law and averting future transgressions, stressing the wider consequences for global stability and the rule of law.

Design and Technological Aspects of Integrating Multi-Blade Machining and Surface Hardening on a Single Machine Base

Modern mechanical engineering faces high competition in global markets, which requires manufacturers of process equipment to significantly reduce production costs while ensuring high product quality and maximum productivity. Metalworking occupies a significant part of industrial production and consumes a significant share of the world’s energy and natural resources. Improving the technology of manufacturing parts with an emphasis on more efficient use of metalworking machines is necessary to maintain the competitiveness of the domestic machine tool industry. Hybrid metalworking systems based on the principles of multi-purpose integration eliminate the disadvantages of monotechnologies and increase efficiency by reducing time losses and intermediate operations. The purpose of this work is to develop and implement a hybrid machine tool system and an appropriate combined technology for manufacturing machine parts. Theory and methods. Studies of the possible structural composition and layout of hybrid equipment at integration of mechanical and surface-thermal processes were carried out, taking into account the basic provisions of structural synthesis and componentization of metalworking systems. Theoretical studies were carried out using the basic provisions of system analysis, geometric theory of surface formation, design of metalworking machines, methods of finite elements, and mathematical and computer modeling. The mathematical modeling of thermal fields and structural-phase transformations during HEH HFC was carried out in ANSYS (version 19.1) and SYSWELD (version 2010) software packages using numerical methods of solving differential equations of unsteady heat conduction (Fourier equation), carbon diffusion (2nd Fick’s law) and elastic–plastic behavior of the material. The verification of the modeling results was carried out using in situ experiments employing the following: optical and scanning microscopy; and mechanical and X-ray methods of residual stress determination. Formtracer SV-C4500 profilograph profilometer was used in the study for simultaneous measurement of shape deviations and surface roughness. Surface topography was assessed using a Walter UHL VMM 150 V instrumental microscope. The microhardness of the hardened surface layer of the parts was evaluated on a Wolpert Group 402MVD. Results and discussion. The original methodology of structural and kinematic analysis for pre-design studies of hybrid metalworking equipment is presented. Methodological recommendations for the modernization of multi-purpose metal-cutting machine tool are developed, the implementation of which will make it possible to implement high-energy heating with high-frequency currents (HEH HFC) on a standard machine tool system and provide the formation of knowledge-intensive technological equipment with extended functionality. The innovative moment of this work is the development of hybrid metalworking equipment with numerical control and writing a unique postprocessor to it, which allows to realize all functional possibilities of this machine system and the technology of combined processing as a whole. Special tooling and tools providing all the necessary requirements for the process of surface hardening of HEH HFC were designed and manufactured. The conducted complex of works and approbation of the technology of integrated processing in real conditions in comparison with traditional methods of construction of technological process of parts manufacturing allowed to obtain the following results: increase in the productivity of processing by 1.9 times; exclusion of possibility of scrap occurrence at finishing grinding; reduction in auxiliary and preparatory-tasking time; and reduction in inter-operational parts backlogs.

Immigration and Its Impact on Europe's Societal Security: Examining the Rise of Far-Right Parties (2014-2024)

This study examines the relationship between immigration and the rise of far-right parties in Europe from 2014 to 2024, focusing on the implications for societal security. It explores how far-right parties have capitalized on immigration, framing it as a critical threat to national identity and social stability. Applying the Copenhagen School’s securitization theory, the research analyzes how these parties have redefined immigration as a national security issue, thereby legitimizing more stringent immigration policies and exclusionary practices. The findings indicate that far-right parties have effectively utilized public anxieties and uncertainties surrounding immigration to influence the political discourse across Europe. This shift has significant socio-political consequences, posing challenges to the European Union’s foundational principles of integration, democracy, and human rights. The study highlights concerns over democratic backsliding, the erosion of social policies, and threats to freedom of movement and human rights. Additionally, it examines the potential impacts on the EU’s cohesion policy, foreign policy, enlargement process, and environmental sustainability. The research underscores a major transformation in Europe’s political landscape with far-reaching implications for the stability of the European Union and its member states.

Rogers' Principle of Integrality: An Evolving Inquiry.

Rogers' principle of integrality was examined using quantitative methodology by the author in 1986. Since then, Rogers made revisions changing from probability and multidimensionality to unpredictability and pandimensionality. Another look at integrality through a lens congruent with the revisions was designed. A descriptive approach, storying the lived experience of making a significant life change was completed. A pandimensional view of the continuous integral human environment mutual energy field process included believing, dreaming, realizing, choosing, and envisioning while making a life change with the wave manifestation of storying changing from pragmatic knowing, to imaginative knowing, to visionary knowing.

Influence of marital status on persuasion strategies in advertising regarding intention to purchase

This study has three chief objectives. Firstly, it aims to identify individual susceptibility to Cialdini’s persuasion strategies among consumers with different marital status. Secondly, it focuses on determining the susceptibility of each family member to persuasive strategies. Finally, the study examines the purchasing funnel among consumers with different marital status and different family roles. Two measurement scales are applied: the STPS questionnaire to establish susceptibility to persuasion strategies and the purchase funnel hierarchy model. The results of the first analysis of variance (ANOVA) show that divorced/separated users are susceptible to the principle of liking and authority, and married users – to commitment/consistency and social proof. The second variance analysis found the susceptibility of the children in the family: the first child was affected by liking, the second child – by scarcity, and the third – by commitment/consistency. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) of a family member with age differences as the covariate shows that consumers of advertising exhibit a strong sensitivity to the principle of unity, which affects widowed husbands or wives. In the second covariance analysis, a strong sensitivity to product preferences was observed for single husbands over 25 and for young adults under 25 for divorced/separated people. These scientific findings may be valuable to various specialists in social psychology, consumer behavior, and those interested in the dynamics of family purchases.

Assessment of Alternative International Organizations For Turkey Using Machine Learning Algorithms

The distribution of power balances among countries has led states to become part of an international system based on principles of territorial integrity, sovereignty, and independence. Turkey's process of joining the EU dating back to 1959 has been supported by various reforms and adaptation packages. However, the failure to conclude the lengthy negotiations has prompted Turkey to turn towards different organizations. Turkey, which has not fully given up its membership in the EU recently, is being considered for membership in alternative organizations, especially the SCO. Within the scope of this study, a dataset encompassing various indicators of 34 countries was created to evaluate Turkey's proximity to EU and SCO member countries. Subsequently, the generated dataset was grouped based on various indicators. In these applications, performance metrics were examined by positioning Turkey according to two different classes, including EU and SCO member countries, depending on various indicators.