United Nations Relief Research Articles

Major Social Welfare Needs Around the World

Previous articleNext article No AccessThe Future of Hull-House: Proceedings of a Board MeetingMajor Social Welfare Needs Around the WorldMartha BranscombeMartha Branscombe Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Social Service Review Volume 36, Number 2Jun., 1962 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/641231 Views: 7Total views on this site Copyright 1962 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Radicopoulos v. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East.

International Organization — United Nations — Subsidiary Organsof — U.N.R.W.A. — Officials of — Termination of Employment — Competence of Administrative Tribunal.

Hilpern v. Secretary-General of the United Nations.

International Organization — Officials — Termination of Appointment — Municipal Courts — Absence of Jurisdiction — United Nations Administrative Tribunal — Competence of — Officials of United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees — Whether Members of United Nations Secretariat — Whether International Officials — Right of Officials to Have Recourse to Municipal Tribunals.

Hilpern v. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East.

International Organization — Officials of — Conditions of Employment — Reference to Municipal Law — Applicability of Municipal Law Only to Extent Compatible with Internal Rules of the United Nations.

Wencak v. United Nations.

Jurisdiction — Exemptions from — International Organizations — The United Nations.United Nations — Legal Nature of — Immunity from Local Jurisdiction.International organization — In General — Exemption of International Organizations from Local Jurisdiction — The United Nations — As Liquidator of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration — Cause of Action Arising After Immunity Conferred under Municipal Law — The Law of the United States of America

Uited Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration v. Daan.

International Organizations — International Personality of — United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (U.N.R.R.A.) — Legal Personality within Territory of Individual Member States.

UNRRA: The History of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration.

Previous articleNext article No AccessReviews of BooksUNRRA: The History of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration.Sydney H. ZebelSydney H. Zebel Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Modern History Volume 25, Number 1Mar., 1953 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/237592 Views: 1Total views on this site Copyright 1953 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

UNRRA: The History of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration.

UNRRA: The History of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration.

UNRRA; The History of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Prepared by a special staff under the direction of George Woodbridge. (New York: Columbia University Press. 1950. 3 vols. Pp. xxxv, 518; xii, 601; xiii, 520. $15.00.)

UNRRA; The History of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Prepared by a special staff under the direction of George Woodbridge. (New York: Columbia University Press. 1950. 3 vols. Pp. xxxv, 518; xii, 601; xiii, 520. $15.00.)

The Israeli-Syrian Crisis in the Light of the Arab-Israel Armistice System

The Palestine question has been before the United Nations since April 1947. In the four years which have since elapsed, the General Assembly and the Security Council have created no fewer than ten subsidiary organs to deal with various aspects of the question. Three of the bodies are still actively in existence. The United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine, set up by the General Assembly in December 1948, was directed to assist the parties “to achieve a final settlement of all questions outstanding between them.” The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, established under a General Assembly resolution of December 1949, was intended to shift the emphasis of United Nations-sponsored activities on behalf of the refugees of the Palestine war from relief to rehabilitation. Finally, there is the Security Council's Truce Supervision Organization.

UNRRA: The History of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration

UNRRA: The History of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration

International Politics and the Structure of International Organization: The Case of UNRRA

The United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), created in November 1943 and dissolved in September 1948, was in some respects unique in the history of international organization. Unlike traditional functional organizations it was not established to deal with some technical problem of common interest but of limited significance. Nor was its creation motivated as was the institution of the League and the United Nations by the hope that it might solve the vast problems of war and peace. Its scope, the management of postwar relief and the caring for displaced persons, was limited but significant. Its decision-making powers within the field of relief operations were broad when compared with the authority of both prior and subsequent functional organizations. Since national influence within the organization had operational, not simply technical orpropaganda, significance, it was not surprising that the structure of the organization should be a matter of considerable concern to its member states. Both in its creation and in its subsequent development thestructure of UNRRA reflected the conflicting interests of the constituent governments in international relief.

Industrial Cooperatives in the Ukrainian S.S.R.

The writer is former Chief Economist of United Nations Relief and Rehabflitation Mission in the Ukraine in 1946–47, and Director of the “Cooperative Project” of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, in 1937–42; at present lecturer on Soviet economics at Columbia University, N.Y.C., and on consumber cooperatives at the Graduate School of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.

The Small‐Scale Manufacture of Bleaching Powder in Backward Areas

X are in great need of an economical sterilizing agent for water supply and allied uses. Typhoid fever, cholera, amebic dysentery and other diseases often abound partly as a result of the nonavailability of chlorine gas or chlorine compounds for disinfecting polluted water and food. As transportatation charges in such regions are high, the local production of chlorine may be more practical than its importation. This paper describes the author's experience in the construction of a small bleaching-powder (calcium oxychloride) plant while employed as a sanitary engineer in the interior of central China by the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA). The wTork was performed at Shaoyang, Hunan Province, in conjunction with a UNRRA-sponsored project called the Agricultural Industries Services. The purpose of the project was, first, to assist in the relief and rehabilitation of small industries dis-

The United Nations Relief for Palestine Refugees

The United Nations Relief for Palestine Refugees presents a challenging example of the world's response to a new and sudden human tragedy at a time when its sympathies had almost been drained away by recent appeals. The need for relief measures in the Middle East was created by the flight of at least 750,000 Arabs from their homes in Palestine during 1948. The problem was first brought to the attention of the United Nations by the late Count Folke Bemadotte and the Arab League in July of that year, and there was set in motion an ad hoc relief organization, the direct descendant of which is functioning at the present time. A brief survey of the operation to date provides a study in the manner in which international organizations, governmental and nongovernmental, have met human needs in an area seething with tension and tragedy.

Secretariat

According to the Secretary-General's report on the work of the organization, during the year July 1, 1948 to June 30, 1949, the principal organizational problems of the Secretariat had involved missions, information centers and other offices away from headquarters. An attempt had been made to adopt uniform procedures for the visiting missions in Palestine, the Balkans, India and Pakistan, Korea and Indonesia. The program of United Nations Relief for Palestine Refugees was organized using the machinery of existing relief agencies and specialized agencies.

United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration

On March 31, 1949, the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration was officially liquidated after five and one half years of existence. Established as a temporary agency to assist war-devastated countries and areas unable to undertake their own relief and rehabilitation, UNRRA was supported by contributions from 48 member governments, four non-member governments and individuals and private organizations. Its work was carried on in missions to 16 receiving countries and it supported displaced persons camps in Germany, Austria, Italy, the Middle East, North Africa and the Far East until the International Refugee Organization was established.

Machinery for Rebuilding the European Economy

By the end of the war in Europe in 1945, it was evident that one of the major problems to be faced during the post-war period would be the rebuilding of the shattered European economy. Certain steps toward rehabilitation had already been taken by the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, and several temporary organizations dealing with specific aspects of reconstruction were created in 1945 to attempt an international solution of the problems involved. When the United Nations was inaugurated early in 1946, one of its first actions was to create a group to study both long- and short-range factors in the European economic situation. This Temporary Subcommission on the Reconstruction of Devastated Areas, reporting in the summer of 1946 to the Economic and Social Council, proposed the establishment of a regional commission to concentrate on European recovery.

Secretariat

After the General Assembly confirmed in November 1948 an agreement for the transfer of certain funds and activities of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration to the United Nations, Byron Price, Assistant Secretary-General for Administrative and Financial Services of the Secretariat, announced in January 1949 that the Communications and Records Division of the Secretariat would be responsible for administrative supervision of the UNRRA history project, which was prescribed by the agreement and which contemplated the completion, publication and distribution of a history to be compiled by March 31, 1949. Also this division would supervise both administrative and substantive matters in respect of the records and archives project contemplated by the liquidation agreement. The Department of Administrative and Financial Services was to perform the financial services required under the terms of the agreement, including the establishment of a special fund to record the financial transactions, the receipt and transfer of funds, provision of periodic financial reports regarding the history and records projects, processing of all payments from funds transferred, collection of accounts receivable transferred prior to and consequent on assumption of accounting functions from the Administrator for Liquidation and transfer of final residual amounts to the International Children's Emergency Fund, and arrangements for external audit of the liquidator's accounts. The Legal Department was to be responsible for examining and approving settlement of marine claims assigned by UNRRA to the United Nations for the benefit of ICEF, for the execution of the general releases required in the settlement of claims, and for such action with respect to legal proceedings as might be necessary.

International Refugee Organization

A special meeting of the Executive Committee of the International Refugee Organization, scheduled to meet at Ottawa, was held instead at Geneva from January 25 to 29, 1949. The committee resolved, against determined British opposition, to lift the restriction of financial aid to immigrants to Palestine in effect since May 18, 1947, and authorized Director General William Hallam Tuck to re-imburse Jewish agencies, up to a maximum of $4,000,000 – the expenditure anticipated for Palestine migration in the 1948–1949 budget – for movements of refugees to Israel carried out between May 18, 1947 and January 1, 1949. The Director General was also authorized to support future Jewish refugee movements after consultation with the Palestine Conciliation Commission, to insure that IRO did nothing which would interfere with the commission's mandate to bring about the peaceful solution of the Palestine conflict. IRO support of future migration to Palestine depended on the availability of funds within the $4,000,000 limit after reimbursement of the agencies and on the result of negotiations with the Conciliation Commission. The resolution represented a compromise between those who felt that no limits should be placed on sponsorship of migration of eligible refugees to Palestine and those who argued that conditions in Palestine were too unstable and further complicated by an Arab refugee problem to justify IRO sponsorship. On January 26, 1949 the Secretary-General of the United Nations (Lie) and Stanton Griffis, director of United Nations relief for Palestine refugees, made a joint appeal to the governments for funds and supplies for the aid of more than 500,000 Palestine refugees, mostly Arabs, who had lost their homes during the fighting in Palestine.