United Nations Climate Change Conference Research Articles

Climate finance opportunities for health and health systems.

Climate change poses significant risks to health and health systems, with the greatest impacts in low- and middle-income countries - which are least responsible for greenhouse gas emissions. The Conference of Parties 28 at the 2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference led to agreement on the need for holistic and equitable financing approaches to address the climate and health crisis. This paper provides an overview of existing climate finance mechanisms - that is, multilateral funds, voluntary market-based mechanisms, taxes, microlevies and adaptive social protection. We discuss these approaches' potential use to promote health, generate additional health sector resources and enhance health system sustainability and resilience, and also explore implementation challenges. We suggest that public health practitioners, policy-makers and researchers seize the opportunity to leverage climate funding for better health and sustainable, climate-resilient health systems. Emphasizing the wider benefits of investing in health for the economy can help prioritize health within climate finance initiatives. Meaningful progress will require the global community acknowledging the underlying political economy challenges that have so far limited the potential of climate finance to address health goals. To address these challenges, we need to restructure financing institutions to empower communities at the frontline of the climate and health crisis and ensure their needs are met. Efforts from global and national level stakeholders should focus on mobilizing a wide range of funding sources, prioritizing co-design and accessibility of financing arrangements. These stakeholders should also invest in rigorous monitoring and evaluation of initiatives to ensure relevant health and well-being outcomes are addressed.

Emission savings through the COP26 declaration of deforestation could come at the expense of non-forest land conversion

The majority of signatories to The United Nations Climate Change Conference in 2021 (COP26) made a declaration to end deforestation by 2030. Here, we quantify future changes in land use and associated CO2 emissions to examine the impact of ending deforestation by 2030 on global land dynamics and emissions using an open-source land-use model. We show that if the COP26 declaration to end deforestation is fully implemented globally, about 167 Mha of deforestation could be avoided until 2050, compared to a baseline scenario which does not have extended forest protection. However, avoided deforestation and associated emissions come at the cost of strongly increased conversion of unprotected non-forested land to agricultural land, while land-use intensification in most regions is similar compared to a baseline scenario. Global initiatives are needed to facilitate a common dialogue on addressing the possible carbon emissions and non-forest leakage effects due to the expedited loss of non-forested land under a policy aimed at halting deforestation by 2030.

Recent Developments concerning the Rights of Migrant Workers and of Women: a Survey of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) States Oman, Saudi Arabia and the UAE

Abstract The survey of the Gulf Cooperation Council states reviews some key legislative and executive measures of particularly the governments of Oman, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in the year 2023 (largely between December 2022–2023). It focuses mainly on the rights of the migrant workers. Further, and in less detail, it also notes some of the developments pertinent to the rights of women. More generally, these rights are less relevant to women who are not national citizens. The GCC comprises six member countries in the Arab-Gulf region: Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, the UAE (it is a federal state comprising seven emirates namely, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Dubai, Umm Al Quwain, Ras Al Khaimah and Fujairah), Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia. These oil-producing countries have a significant proportion of foreign workforce in the population. At 88.1 per cent, the UAE has the highest proportion of migrants in its population among the GCC members (UN DESA, 2020). Foreign workers work mostly in the private sector and are also residents in the host countries. Therefore, a broader spectrum of governments’ measures relating to the issues like labour, entry and residence, and ownership of property or business touch the lives of the foreign/migrant workers or expatriates in the Gulf country. Governments’ initiatives targeting domestic workers are relevant also for women because they comprise the majority in this group. Apparently, the most prolific among the GCC countries in governmental initiatives during the surveyed period is the UAE, both concerning migrant workers and women. The Gulf states appear to have showed more responsiveness to their public image as a few important global events have happened in the region in the past year or discussion was in progress. For instance, the FIFA World Cup 2022 was hosted in Doha, Qatar from 20 November to 18 December 2022. The 28th United Nations Climate Change conference or COP28 was hosted in Dubai, the UAE from 30 November to 12 December 2023. Announced at the conclusion of the competitive bidding process in November 2023, Saudi Arabia has won the bid to host the 2030 World Expo in Riyadh from October 2030 to March 2031.

Do Chinese carbon-intensive stocks overreact to climate transition risk? Evidence from the COP26 news

We exploit an exogenous event—the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26)—and a short-term event study method to examine whether Chinese stock markets overreact to climate transition risk. The results show that retail investors overreact to COP26 news by depressing the current prices of carbon-intensive stocks below their fundamental values, leading to higher subsequent returns. Institutional investors and corporate insiders implement contrarian trading strategies to reduce the deviations of stock prices from their fundamentals. Our results are consistent with the “salience bias” hypothesis. In addition, carbon-intensive stocks with higher environmental, social, and governance (ESG) composite scores face greater selling pressure due to suspicions of greenwashing. Our findings contribute to understanding the impact of investor structure and behavioural patterns on the pricing efficiency of climate risk.

External power dynamics and international climate governance in a crises-constrained world

ABSTRACT This paper explores equity in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiations during a time of multiple overlapping global crises. Drawing on a combination of semi-structured interviews and a roundtable with key negotiators and observers engaged in the UNFCCC process during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as a collaborative ethnographic study and social media analysis on the 27th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP27), we find that inequities within the UNFCCC process reflect the broader social and geopolitical inequities at international and intranational levels. Multiple intersecting crises reinforce and compound these inequities for particularly marginalized and vulnerable groups and slow progress in tackling climate change in an equitable manner. Applying a critical climate justice lens, we show that in order for the climate negotiations to be resilient to global crises, the process needs to go beyond a surface-level attempt at achieving justice through representation and move towards a more active shifting of power to poor and climate-vulnerable countries and populations.

Assessment of the impact of COP decisions on biodiversity and ecosystems

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the fact that any anthropogenic load or economic activity has an impact on the functioning of natural ecosystems, as demonstrated by the widespread practice of oil palm expansion. The purpose of this study was to develop methods for assessing strategies that play an important role in strengthening measures to protect biodiversity and ecosystems in Africa and Latin America, considering the impact of the decisions of the United Nations Climate Change Conference. The study considers the materials of various international organisations on the problems of biodiversity related to climate crises, inefficient territorial planning, expansion of land for growing crops that deplete the soil or reduce the area of land needed to accommodate biota. The paper presents a sequence of steps to assess the impact of the decisions of the United Nations Climate Change Conference on biodiversity and ecosystems. The aspects of conservation of biodiversity and ecosystems in the context of the expansion of palm plantations are substantiated. The indicators of the ratio between the available land area for palm oil cultivation and the area threatening to reduce the biodiversity of Africa are analysed. Environmental solutions are substantiated, which correspond to the provisions of the United Nations Climate Change Conference in the context of biodiversity and ecosystem conservation, taking into account the expansion of large areas for palm plantations in Colombia. The practical significance of this study lies in the development of a methodology for the economic and mathematical assessment of the decisions of the United Nations Climate Change Conference, which affect the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystems, and are the driving mechanism in creating an effective control system for tracking oil palm plantations, territorial development with the least environmental losses and high economic efficiency

Broadening the Climate Movement: The Marcha das Margaridas’ Agenda for the Climate (and Other) Crises

AbstractClimate movements led by students and the youth worldwide (and in particular, those in richer economies) have been recognized as having a formidable voice and making important contributions towards a more radical societal transformation to face the climate crisis. However, little is said about the contribution of popular sectors, who have been mobilizing for decades and demanding broader structural transformations—with proposals that tackle environmental issues more broadly and the climate crisis in particular—but who are not directly involved in climate politics arenas, such as the United Nations Climate Change conferences. Usually portrayed as vulnerable, as those most affected by climate events, as victims and receivers of adaptation strategies, or, as resilient, rarely do popular sectors appear as agents of transformation. Critical scholars have advocated for understanding the climate crisis as part of multiple crises, including the biodiversity crisis, a crisis of care, and a crisis of democracy. Situating our article within this scholarship, we argue that the scholarly and societal debate on climate change will further benefit from broadening the scope of which social subjects are considered as part of the climate movement. Based on our research with rural popular feminist movements in Brazil, and in particular, the coalition Marcha das Margaridas, we address the following questions: how are their diagnostics of, and proposals to, overcome the climate crisis embedded in their broader project of transformation? Additionally, how does their political identity within class, gender, and rural categories of inequality inform their positions?

Comparative Study of CO2 Storage Capacity Estimation in Depleted Oil & Gas Reservoir: A Case Study in Vermillion Basin Gulf of Mexico

CO2 emissions rates have seen an exponential growth from the 19th century up till date, if no drastic measures and plans are implemented to prevent this exponential growth the consequence will be devastating. The notion of achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions gained prominence through the Paris Agreement, a groundbreaking accord reached at the United Nations Climate Change Conference. This agreement was devised to mitigate the impact of greenhouse gas emissions. To execute the net-zero CO2 emission plan, the USDOE has set a new goal to remove gigatons of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) from the atmosphere and durably store it for less than $100/ton of net CO2 -equivalent. Making such a goal a reality requires an accurate estimation of CO2 storage capacity for the successful implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies, and the assessment of the impact of CCS to the reduction of CO2 emissions. Hence this paper serves as a template for accurately estimating CO2 storage capacity in depleted saturated oil reservoirs with initial gas cap using three approaches: Volumetric, Production and Correlation-based methods and compares the accuracy of the estimates. A case study was conducted on a depleted VR273_Q combination sand in the Vermillion Basin, Gulf of Mexico (GOM). The deterministic and stochastic (P50) CO2 storage capacity estimates from the Volume-based method are 1.21 million tonnes (Mt) and 1.23 Mt respectively, while the deterministic CO2 storage capacity estimates from the Production and Correlationbased method are 1.32 Mt and 1.41 Mt respectively. All three approaches showed similar results, with little deviations attributed to petrophysical uncertainties arising from data gaps i.e., absence of well logs to key wells. However, these uncertainties are captured by Stochastic (P90) CO2 storage capacity estimates of 1.47 Mt from the Volume-based method. Although the Correlation-based approach slightly overestimates the CO2 storage capacity, it can be used as a starting point for quick estimation as it only requires production data which are readily available on various databases for GOM. Finally, through this paper, opportunities for concerned agencies to make well-informed energy-related policies and business decisions are made possible.

Air Pollution: A Challenge to Public Health and Healthcare Systems

Air pollution in Pakistan, and the region at large, has become one of the greatest environmental risks to health. Three major cities of Pakistan, Lahore, Karachi, and Peshawar, have been declared the worst in the world for their Air Quality Index and PM air pollution. The population residing in these cities is facing adverse health 2.5 effects. Children, with developing lungs and geriatric patients with chronic diseases are the worst affected. The impact of short-term and long-term exposure to air pollution includes premature mortality, exacerbated chronic heart and lung disease, lung cancer, decreased lung function in children as well as school absenteeismand restricted activity days.1 Hospitals and healthcare facilities are facing the increasing burden of a growing number of hospitalizations and emergency department visits. Alarmingly, a recent global analysis from 116countries has described an association between PM2.5 and clinical antibiotic resistance.2 The profound impact of air pollution has been seen recently in Lahore, where school and business closures have hindered the normal functioning of society's education system and economic activities.
 Air pollution ranks among Africa and Asia's top ten risk factors for disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). The combined effect of exposure to fine particles in ambient (outdoor) and household air pollution is associated with 7 million premature deaths annually.1 Globally, air pollution is the leading cause of death, killing 600,000 children under the age of 15 every year. Ambient air pollution is estimated to have caused 4.2 million premature deaths worldwide; 89% of those deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries, notably in Asia and Western Pacific Regions.2 In Pakistan, it has been estimated that the average lifespan is reduced by 3.9 years due to air pollution, whereas in Lahore, life expectancy is reduced by seven years.
 The main sources of air pollution are industrial emissions, traffic-related pollutants, coal power plants, smoke from brick kilns, crop burning, dust from construction sites, household biomass combustion, and indoor pollutants from chemicals and tobacco. The toxic contaminants in the air include particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2 ). PM includes inhalable particles measuring 10 microns or less in size. PM10 & PM2.5 are proxy indicators for air pollution with the level of risk and adverse health effects varying with the size of the particles. Fine particulate matter of 2.5 microns or less, including diesel-derived PM, is among the most dangerous airborne pollutants because of its small size and ability to stay airborne longer. Burning fossil fuels, such as gasoline and coal, significantly contributes to air pollution, releasing pollutants like nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds into the atmosphere. The interaction of sunlight with nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere creates ground-level ozone, a greenhouse gas and a principal constituent of smog.
 Exposure to PM, lead, and the gaseous pollutants CO and SO2 have reported pro-arrhythmic effects resulting in heart failure, ischemia, and atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.3 It is now widely recognized that PM is 2.5associated with enhanced atherosclerosis development, premature aging of blood vessels, build-up of calciumin the coronary artery, and blood coagulability.3 At ground level, ozone causes breathing difficulties, coughing, throat irritation, asthma, and COPD. Ultra-fine PM can penetrate the bronchial epithelial barrier and enter the bloodstream, causing systemic inflammatory changes and oxidative stress, leading to metabolic disorders, dysbiosis, neurodegeneration, and dementia. Research has found links between air pollution exposure and genetic and epigenetic changes that can be inherited across generations. Poor air quality is linked to immune dysregulation, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and other stronger allergic reactions.
 Socially and economically marginalized vulnerable populations, outdoor workers, and professionals like construction workers, athletes, and traffic wardens are more likely to be adversely affected by toxic air. Increased air pollution during outdoor activities has brought into question the public health perspectiveadvocating outdoor exercise as a preventative measure for various health issues, from heart problems to mental well-being.
 The focus of COP28 held in December 2023 revolved around critical objectives such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions. "Beginning of the end" of the fossil fuel era, the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 28) signalled the need to move away from fossil fuels for the first time. However, a significant challenge arises for a country like Pakistan, where the swift implementation of green technology is hindered by the substantial costs associated with its adoption. The urgency of addressing climate change is apparent; however, the economic constraints faced by Pakistan make the immediate achievement of fossil fuel reduction targets a complex and formidable task.
 Healthcare providers, public health workers, and academia should promote planetary health and advocate for embracing individual responsibility in mitigating the impact of greenhouse gas emissions. A pressing need exists for prioritizing public policies to safeguard individuals from air pollutant exposure, enforce stringent regulations and penalties for polluters, promote sustainable practices, and invest in low-cost carbon sinks like the urban green and blue spaces. Concerted efforts to address this crisis are paramount for our children's future survival.Editor-in-ChiefHow to cite this: Alamgir W, Shan H. Air Pollution: A Challenge to Public Health and Healthcare Systems. Life and Science. 2024; 5(1): 1-2. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.594
 
  

Research on the Development of Green Finance Policies in China -Based on Policy Data from Beijing

With environmental problems being severer these years, developed countries first started to find out possible solutions. In 2015, after thousands of tries from various aspects, United Nations Climate Change Conference proposed The Paris Agreement in which governments started to pay great attention to the concept of green finance. China has shown her determination in process of green finance development and released wide-ranged green finance policies for different areas. In 2016, the Chinese government proposed Guiding Opinions on Building Green Financial System in which made a comprehensive and detailed plan for green finance developing. Provinces and cities followed the step of central government and issued relative policies in recent years. This article based on green finance policies in Beijing and analyzed the components and tendency of policies. It is apparent that the proportions and tendencies of various policies approximately fit the proportions and development of different financial instruments. While there exists disproportion in existing green finance system in China. Green credit accounts for the largest part and is advanced even comparing with developed countries. Green fund and green insurance are relatively underdeveloped and deserved to be improved in future. The Chinese government should consider new methods and implement instruments to deal with the recent recession and worldwide financial shocks. Comprehensive green finance policy system is decisive and plenty of foreign new financial products should be imported.

A Scientometric Analysis of electric vehicle-based text mining

The United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 21) held in Paris on December 12, 2015, agreed on the Paris Agreement, which aims to address climate change and its negative impacts as part of the challenge of Global Warming. The transportation sector contributed 23% of CO2 emissions of a global contributor in 2018. Electric vehicles themselves have benefited from an environmental and economic perspective. The development of electric vehicles in Indonesia has increased the number of electric vehicle users as well as research related to customer awareness, opinions, preferences, and satisfaction, identification of markets and potential for technology and innovation, predictions, new policies, literature reviews and topics, keywords and fields related to electric vehicle. From the results of this study, it is expected to be able to find out customer characteristics, customer concerns, market penetration, model social impact data, predict market growth and technology developments, and formulate policies and regulations according to the needs of stakeholders Therefore, a systematic review is needed regarding the publication of electric vehicles based on text mining, then analyzes scientometric analysis Bibliographic database files from 2011 – 2023.

Life Cycle Assessment of the Sugarcane Supply Chain in the Brazilian Midwest Region

The sugarcane supply chain is one of the main contributors to economic development in many countries. However, it is necessary to consider the relationship of this supply chain with the environment in order to reduce/mitigate adverse environmental impacts. Life cycle assessment (LCA) supports improving the relationship between production systems and the environment, increasing process efficiency, and reducing costs. The main objective of this research was to identify the extent to which the sugarcane supply chain impacts environmental and human health aspects as well as the use of resources through LCA. This analysis focused on a supply chain in Brazil’s Midwest region, considering the stages of cultivation, transportation, and production. The results indicated that using fertilizers and pesticides and burning crops during harvest severely threaten the sustainability of this supply chain. Also, using crude oil, natural gas, coal, and other chemical products in ethanol production is a critical threat to the sustainability of the sugarcane supply chain. The obtained results cooperate with the decarbonization goals assumed by Brazil at the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2015 (COP 21). A multidimensional approach is necessary to assess the sugarcane production chain results, and the LCA method is appropriate for performing this analysis.

A systematic review of artificial intelligence in managing climate risks of PPP infrastructure projects

PurposeRecent United Nations Climate Change Conferences recognise extreme climate change of heatwaves, floods and droughts as threatening risks to the resilience and success of public–private partnership (PPP) infrastructure projects. Such conferences together with available project reports and empirical studies recommend project managers and practitioners to adopt smart technologies and develop robust measures to tackle climate risk exposure. Comparatively, artificial intelligence (AI) risk management tools are better to mitigate climate risk, but it has been inadequately explored in the PPP sector. Thus, this study aims to explore the tools and roles of AI in climate risk management of PPP infrastructure projects.Design/methodology/approachSystematically, this study compiles and analyses 36 peer-reviewed journal articles sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and PubMed.FindingsThe results demonstrate deep learning, building information modelling, robotic automations, remote sensors and fuzzy logic as major key AI-based risk models (tools) for PPP infrastructures. The roles of AI in climate risk management of PPPs include risk detection, analysis, controls and prediction.Research limitations/implicationsFor researchers, the findings provide relevant guide for further investigations into AI and climate risks within the PPP research domain.Practical implicationsThis article highlights the AI tools in mitigating climate crisis in PPP infrastructure management.Originality/valueThis article provides strong arguments for the utilisation of AI in understanding and managing numerous challenges related to climate change in PPP infrastructure projects.

Public information as a catalyst for individual-level behavior to mitigate climate change

Despite the growing body of literature on the determinants of public behavioral changes with respect to climate change issues, little (and often controversial) research has explored the mechanism of how publicly available information about climate change issues influences public behavior. Drawing upon prior research on this topic, we propose a model to examine the influence of the amount of publicly available information on public behavior towards climate change risks. Theoretical foundations were drawn from the marketing and the social-psychological literature on behavior. Data was collected via an online survey from a large sample of 1126 French individuals, right before, during and after the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris. Results of structural equations modeling indicate that an increase in publicly available information about causes and consequences of climate change, as well as about actions to be taken to mitigate it, has an important positive influence on public problem awareness. This in turn positively influences both personal efficacy and public behavioral intentions to fight climate change, two key mediators that spur positive changes in desired climate-friendly public behaviors.

The Politics of Youth Representation at Climate Change Conferences: Who Speaks, Who Is Spoken of, and Who Listens?

Abstract In this article, we examine how young climate activists make use of the United Nations (UN) constituency system to give voice to children and youth in global climate governance. Our study is based on a mapping of accredited youth nongovernmental organizations (YOUNGO) as well as fieldwork at two UN Climate Change Conferences, where we conducted interviews, observed events, and analyzed plenary interventions. Informed by constructivist accounts of political representation, the article pays attention to the performative relationship between institutionalized means of youth representation and “the represented.” When analyzing our material, we asked who speaks for youth, how youth are spoken of, and how institutions shape representative speech. Our study identifies three subject positions that offer competing interpretations of who youth are as a political community and what they want. Rather than taking youth’s demands and interests as a starting point for representative politics, the article illustrates how the UN constituency system actively constructs youth and effectively molds young climate activists into professional insiders.

Urban dispersion indicator to assess the Italian settlement pattern

The 2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP27) reaffirmed the most urgent need to build actions to accelerate the restoration of policies to arrest and reverse the loss of natural ecosystems by 2030 and move towards full ecosystem recovery by 2050. Land take is a significant source of emissions and contributes to global warming and biodiversity loss in natural ecosystems. Consequently, it is crucial to act on it by investigating the phenomenon quantitatively and formally, thus contributing to the goal of zero net land take. In recent years, land take worldwide has become massive, leading in some cases to forming compact, high-density urban settlements. In other cases, it has led to dispersed, low-density urban settlements. The basic assumption underlying this research is that a compact context is more sustainable (environmentally, economically, and socially) than a dispersed urban one. Consequently, this research aims to investigate the evolution of land take from the point of view of the pattern of urban settlements and their dispersion over the Italian territory. The spatial configuration of the Italian settlement pattern at the regional and provincial level was analyzed through a Spatio-temporal analysis of the global Moran index and other quantitative variables. The results provide, for each territory, a reading of the main expansion dynamics that occurred from the ‘50s to nowadays: compact city, urban sprawl, or urban sprinkling.

Assessment of future solar energy potential changes under the shared socio-economic pathways scenario 2–4.5 with WRF-chem: The roles of meteorology and emission

The 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) proposes to limit global warming to <1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels until 2030 and aligns CO2 emissions with net-zero by 2050. To achieve this goal, it is crucial to replace fossil fuels with renewable and clean energy sources. Among the various renewable energy sources, solar energy undoubtedly stands out as an attractive option. Future meteorological conditions and emission reductions are expected to impact on solar energy potential. Consequently, the Weather Research and Forecasting model with chemistry (WRF-Chem) was applied to current (2016–2020) and future (2046–2050) under the shared socio-economic pathways (SSP) 2–4.5 scenario to investigate the impact of future meteorological conditions and emission reductions on solar energy potential. The evaluation of the WRF-Chem demonstrates satisfactory performance in capturing most meteorological and chemical variables at a climatological scale. However, the model underestimates 2 m temperature while overestimating 2 m specific humidity and 10 m wind speed, with mean bias (MB) of −0.1 °C, 1.4 g kg−1, and 0.8 m s−1, respectively. Additionally, the WRF-Chem overestimates PM2.5, with normalized mean bias (NMB) of −20%. The model underestimates cloud fraction and precipitation caused by the limitation in the cloud microphysical parameterization. The model well reproduced the solar energy distribution in China, with R of 0.76 and NMB of −3%. Looking ahead, the future annual average solar energy increases by 2.2, 0.1, 2, 4.1, 1.9, and 2.9 W m−2 for China, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Fenwei Plain, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Sichuan Basin, respectively. The future annual average photovoltaic potential increase by 1–4% in these regions. This increase is primarily attributed to the increase in solar energy resulting from emission reductions (4.7, 5.1, 5.0, 4.7, 3.2, and 6.1 W m−2), which outweighs the decrease caused by meteorological conditions (2.5, 5.0, 2, 4.1, 1.9, and 2.9 W m−2). Hence, emission reduction plays a vital role in promoting solar energy utilization.

Rough-Set-Based Rule Induction with the Elimination of Outdated Big Data: Case of Renewable Energy Equipment Promotion

As developing economies become more industrialized, the energy problem has become a major challenge in the twenty-first century. Countries around the world have been developing renewable energy to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN) and the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26). Leaders of enterprises have been made aware of the need to protect the environment and have been practicing environmental marketing strategies and green information systems (GISs) as part of ESG practices. With the rapid growth of the available data from renewable electricity suppliers, the analyses of multi-attribute characteristics across different fields of studies use data mining to obtain viable rule induction and achieve adaptive management. Rough set theory is an appropriate method for multi-attribute classification and rule induction. Nevertheless, past studies for Big Data analytics have tended to focus on incremental algorithms for dynamic databases. This study entails rough set theory from the perspective of the decrement decay alternative rule-extraction algorithm (DAREA) to explore rule induction and present case evidence with managerial implications for the emerging renewable energy industry. This study innovates rough set research to handle data deletion in a Big Data system and promotes renewable energy with valued managerial implications.

Examining the representativeness heuristic and anchoring effects in China's carbon markets

This paper proposes a novel integrated approach incorporating grey relational analysis, corresponding correlation test, with vector autoregression and panel vector autoregression models to examine the representativeness heuristic and anchoring effects in carbon markets. The grey relational analysis and corresponding correlation test measure the representativeness heuristic in eight pilot carbon markets. The vector autoregression and panel vector autoregression models detect the anchoring effects in eight pilot carbon markets and the overall carbon market. The study first explores the representativeness heuristic and anchoring effects in China's carbon markets. Taking the 2014–2021 United Nations Climate Change Conferences (COP20–COP26) as an event, the proposal of China's carbon emissions peak and carbon-natural targets, as well as the establishment of China's national carbon market as three events, the empirical results demonstrate that Hubei, Guangdong, Shenzhen, Beijing, Shanghai, and Chongqing six pilot carbon markets were found to exhibit the representativeness heuristics for the COP21. Hubei, Shenzhen, Beijing, and Chongqing carbon markets were found to exhibit the representativeness heuristics for the proposal of China's carbon emissions peak and carbon-natural targets, and the establishment of China's national carbon market. Anchoring effects were found to exist in Guangdong, Tianjin, and Chongqing carbon markets, while no anchoring effect has been found to exist in the overall carbon market. Investor sentiment is one of the crucial factors affecting carbon prices.

Towards COP27: Decarbonization patterns of residential building in China and India

As the two largest emerging emitters with the highest growth in operational carbon emissions from residential buildings, the historical emission patterns and decarbonization efforts of China and India warrant further exploration. This study aims to be the first to present a carbon intensity model considering end-use performances, assessing the operational decarbonization progress of residential building in India and China over the past two decades using the newest decomposing structural decomposition approach. Results indicate (1) the annual operational carbon intensity increased by 1.4% and 2.5% in China and India, respectively, between 2000 and 2020. Household expenditure-related energy intensity and emission factors were crucial in decarbonizing residential buildings. (2) Building electrification played a significant role in decarbonizing space cooling (−87.7 in China and − 130.2 kg of carbon dioxide (kgCO2) per household in India) and appliances (∼ −169.7 in China and ∼ −43.4 kgCO2 per household in India). (3) China and India collectively decarbonized 1498.3 and 399.7 M-tons of CO2 in residential building operations, respectively. In terms of decarbonization intensity, India (164.8 kgCO2 per household) nearly caught up with China (182.5 kgCO2 per household) in 2020 and is expected to surpass China in the upcoming years, given the country's robust annual growth rate of 7.3%. Overall, this study provides an effective data-driven tool for investigating the building decarbonization potential in China and India, and offers valuable insights for other emerging economies seeking to decarbonize residential buildings in the forthcoming COP2811COP28 is the abbreviation of 2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference. age.